Bone mineral density evaluation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

[Purpose] Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A consequence of this is chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. We investigated whether there is any difference among DM patients and a control group in terms of lumbar and femur BMD (bone mineral density), and standard deviation scores (Z score and T score). [Subjects and Methods] This randomized, prospective, controlled, single-blind study was conducted in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Faculty of Medicine, Bezm-i Alem Vakıf University. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the patient groups. Healthy individuals were included in the control group. [Results] A total of 126 patients completed the study (63 in the study group, 63 in the control group). There was no significant difference in the results of the laboratory examinations of the cases. The bone mineral densities of the cases were found to be significantly low in terms of the lumbar (L1–4) T scores in the type 2 diabetes group. [Conclusion] Although osteoporosis is one of the potential complications of type 1 diabetes, its effect on bone mineral density in type 2 DM is controversial. In different studies, the bone mineral density values have increased, decreased or remained normal. With the exception of the lumbar (L1–4) T score, similar results were obtained in this study.Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Osteoporosis, Bone mineral density     

透析前慢性肾功能衰竭患者骨密度和髋部几何结构参数变化的研究

目的探讨透析前慢性肾衰患者骨密度和髋关节几何结构参数的变化。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取2013年5月至2017年11月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院收治的透析前慢性肾衰患者272例作为病例组。按照1:1的比例匹配健康病例作为对照组。采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测量受试者的腰椎、股骨颈、股骨粗隆间及全髋的骨密度。并使用髋部结构分析(HAS)程序获得髋关节几何测量值。统计学分析髋关节几何参数与年龄、体重指数、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和骨密度的关系。结果在股骨颈狭区、股骨粗隆间区和股骨干区病例组测量的皮质骨内宽度、横截面积、截面模量、皮质骨厚度和屈曲应力参数测量值与对照组的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。股骨粗隆间区横截面积与总腰椎骨密度(r=0.58)、股骨颈狭区CT与股骨颈骨密度(r=0.92)及股骨粗隆间区CT与总髋部骨密度(r=0.81)的相关性最高。结论髋关节几何结构改变与慢性肾衰高度相关,测量髋部几何结构可提高慢性肾衰患者骨强度评估的精确性。     

Bone mineral density: serum markers of bone turnover and their relationships in peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of bone mass measurements and bone turnover markers to estimate the risk of fracture and the type of underlying renal osteodystrophy are not well established in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). OBJECTIVE: To assess bone mass using total and regional bone densitometry in a group of patients on PD and to determine if serum markers of bone turnover identify patients with low bone mass. METHODS: Bone densitometry was studied by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and bone turnover using several serum markers, in 65 patients on PD. Bone mass was classified as normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic according to World Health Organization criteria based on bone mineral density (BMD) T scores. RESULTS: T scores in the osteopenia range were present at the lumbar spine (LS) in 44.6% (45% of men and 44.4% of women) of patients and at the femoral neck (FN) in 56.9% (55% of men and 58% of women). T scores in the osteoporosis range were present at the LS in 13.8% of patients (10% of men and 15.5% of women) and at the FN in 21.5% (30% of men and 17.7% of women). Patients with BMD T scores in the osteoporosis range at both regions had increased serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels compared to patients in the osteopenic/normal range. Bone mineral content in the whole skeleton (TBMC) correlated negatively with iPTH (r = -0.34) and with total time on dialysis (r = -0.26); in multivariate analysis, only iPTH correlated negatively with TBMC (B = -0.26, p = 0.03). No correlations were found between the other bone markers and BMD T scores at the FN or LS. There were no significant differences in absolute BMD or BMD T scores at the LS or FN between patients with and patients without fractures. CONCLUSIONS: BMD T scores in the osteopenia/osteoporosis range were observed at the LS in 58.4% of these patients on PD and at the FN in 78.4%. TBMC correlated negatively with iPTH. There were no correlations between markers of bone turnover and bone mass measurements at the two skeletal regions, although patients with BMD T scores in the osteoporosis range had increased serum iPTH levels. Bone mass measurements were not different between patients with and patients without fractures.     

Bone mineral status in immigrant Indo-Asian women

BACKGROUND: Indo-Asian immigrants are known to be at high risk of metabolic bone disease, but the prevalence of osteoporosis in this population is unknown. AIM: To compare the bone mineral at the lumbar spine and femoral neck of Indo-Asian immigrant women with that of age-matched Caucasian women. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. METHODS: Women of Indo-Asian origin referred for bone density scans in the last five years were identified. The skeletal status of each was compared with an age-matched Caucasian control for bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and hip axis length was measured. RESULTS: At the lumbar spine, Indo-Asians had a significantly lower BMD than Caucasians (0.834 vs. 0.913, p = 0.008), but there was no significant difference when BMAD values were calculated (0.123 vs. 0.122). At the femoral neck, there was no difference in BMD (0.728 vs. 0.712, p = 0.5), and BMAD values were significantly higher among Indo-Asians than Caucasians (0.393 vs. 0.319, p = 0.022). Hip axis length was significantly shorter among Indo-Asian women (10.3 vs. 10.7, p = 0.009). DISCUSSION: Although Indo-Asian women appear to have lower spinal BMD than Caucasians, these differences disappear when BMAD values are calculated. While BMD is an areal density, not taking into account the 'depth' of the bone, BMAD is an estimation of volumetric density. Hence lower BMD values in Asians may be a size-related artefact. Longitudinal studies may be required to evaluate the use of BMD as a marker for fracture risk in this population.     

原发性干燥综合征患者的骨代谢变化及影响因素

[目的]探讨原发性干燥综合征(pSS)患者的骨质状况及影响患者骨量的相关因素.[方法]选取pSS患者55例作为观察组,健康体检者50例作为对照组.比较两组腰椎、股骨颈的骨密度(BMD)及Ⅰ型胶原C端肽交联(CTX)、Ⅰ型原胶原N端前肽(PINP)和骨钙素(OC)水平,分析其与年龄、病程、血沉(ESR),C反应蛋白(CRP)、补体C3、补体C4、血清补体C1q、激素使用情况的相关性,并比较pSS患者BMD与骨代谢指标.[结果]pSS患者腰椎、股骨颈BMD及PINP、OC水平均低于对照组,CTX水平高于对照组,且差异均有显著性(P<0.05).pSS患者腰椎及股骨颈的BMD与其年龄、补体C1q呈负相关,且腰椎BMD与激素用量呈负相关(P<0.05);pSS患者CTX水平与补体C4呈负相关(P<0.05),与激素用量呈正相关(P<0.05);PINP、OC水平与CRP、激素用量呈负相关,而OC水平与补体C4呈正相关(P<0.05).pSS患者中骨量减少组、骨质疏松组的CTX水平高于骨量正常组,骨质疏松组PINP、OC水平低于骨量正常组,骨量正常的pSS患者PINP、OC水平较正常对照组降低(P<0.05).[结论]pSS患者存在BMD和骨代谢异常,并与疾病活动和激素用药有关.骨代谢指标可评估骨量正常pSS患者的骨质状况.     

Association between mean platelet volume and bone mineral density in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

[Purpose] The aim this study was to assess the relation between bone mineral density (BMD) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and evaluate the diagnostic role of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [Subjects and Methods] Fifty patients diagnosed with AS were divided into two groups on the basis of BMD, a normal group (n=30) and an osteopenic (n=20) group. [Results] Duration of disease in the group with a normal BMD was 10.3±7.0 years, while it was 16.7±12.2 years in the osteopenia group. MPV was high in the osteopenia group, while no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and platelet distribution width (PDW). There was a positive correlation between MPV and duration of disease. Correlations between ADC value and the lumbar T score, femoral neck T score, and duration of disease were insignificant. A negative correlation was observed between BMD and disease duration. [Conclusion] Diffusion-weighted imaging provides valuable results in osteoporosis but is not a suitable technique for evaluating BMD in patients with AS because of the local and systemic inflammatory effects in the musculoskeletal system. The common pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis plays an important role in the negative correlation observed between MPV and BMD in patients with AS.Key words: Ankylosing spondylitis, Bone mineral density, Mean platelet volume     

Relation of cortisol levels and bone mineral density among premenopausal women with major depression

We aimed to investigate the relationship between cortisol levels and bone mineral density (BMD) among premenopausal women with major depression. We compared BMD, plasma cortisol, osteocalcin and C-telopeptide (CTx) levels of 36 premenopausal women with major depression with 41 healthy women who were matched for age and body mass index. Osteocalcin and CTx were used for the evaluation of bone turnover. The clinical diagnosis of major depression was made by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. The 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. In comparison with the controls, the mean BMD of the depressed women was significantly lower at the lumbar spine and at all sites of the proximal femur (p = 0.02, 0.01). Plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in depressive patients than in controls (p = 0.001). Osteocalcin was lower and CTx was higher in the patient group than in controls (p = 0.04, p = 0.008). Lumbar and femur BMD scores were negatively correlated with cortisol levels in the patient group. Major depression had important effects on BMD and bone turnover markers. Depression should be considered among risk factors for osteoporosis in premenopausal women.     

吸入糖皮质激素对女性哮喘患者骨密度和骨代谢的影响

背景吸入性糖皮质激素是治疗哮喘的一线药物.但长期吸入大剂量糖皮质激素是否有引起骨质丢失的危险尚不能排除,尤其对女性哮喘患者.目的了解国内女性哮喘患者长期吸入糖皮质激素是否会对骨密度和骨代谢产生影响.设计以患者为观察对象,配对比较分析.对象纳入40例女性哮喘患者为1998-02/2002-02在南京医科大学第一附属医院呼吸科门诊就诊者.均无长期全身使用激素史,且对实验目的知情同意.其中吸入糖皮质激素组(吸入组)20例每日坚持吸入激素≥5个月(年龄18～63岁,绝经5例),对照组20例(年龄18～60岁,绝经5例)采用常规平喘解痉药物治疗.对照组按年龄、性别和绝经情况与吸入组配对,平均人).方法采用双能X线骨密度仪测定患者L2-4椎体、股骨颈、股骨转子、股骨三角及股骨总量的骨密度,以绝对值和T评分(即与同性别成年人骨峰值相比的标准差)表示.同时与其同年龄、性别相应正常数据相比较,确定骨密度在这些部位的相对值.同时用放射免疫分析法等测定这些患者的血骨钙素以及碱性磷酸酶等指标,进行对比分析.主要观察指标①两组患者骨密度比较.②两组血骨钙素以及碱性磷酸酶等指标比较.③吸入组日均吸入激素剂量和吸入激素的累积量与骨密度的相关性.结果两组患者L2-4椎体、股骨颈、股骨转子、股骨三角及股骨总量的骨密度值及T评分差异不明显(P＞0.05).吸入组20例患者的上述5个部位骨密度值与其相应日均吸入糖皮质激素剂量之间无明显相关性(r=-0.325～-0.110 2,P＞0.05);L2-4椎体、股骨颈和股骨三角的骨密度值与吸入糖皮质激素累积量之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.495,-0.517,-0.531,P＜0.05).吸入组患者上述5个部位骨密度的T评分与其吸入糖皮质激素累积量无明显相关性(r=0.443～0.295,P＞0.05).吸入组股骨三角处的绝对骨密度值与其年龄呈显著负相关(r=-0.506,P＜0.05),而对照组5个部位绝对骨密度值与其年龄之间无明显相关性(r=-0.079～0.326,P＞0.05).两组血清骨钙素及其他生化指标差异不明显(P＞0.05).结论长期吸入糖皮质激素控制哮喘,对女性哮喘患者的骨密度和骨代谢一般不会产生明显影响,但长期吸入激素的女性哮喘患者随着吸入激素累积量的增加和或年龄的增长,引起骨质丢失的危险可能会增高.     

Bone turnover 18 months after a single intravenous dose of zoledronic acid

Zoledronic acid inhibits bone resorption for up to 12 months. It is not known whether the duration of this antiresorptive effect extends beyond this period of time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in bone turnover at 12 months (T12) and 18 months (T18) after a single injection of 4 mg of zoledronic acid. It is a prospective, longitudinal study, with a follow-up for 18 months. We studied male and female patients (60.5 +/- 11.0 years old), with low bone mineral density (BMD) coming from the outpatient clinic in a metabolic bone unit of a tertiary care hospital. All patients received a single intravenous dose of 4 mg of zoledronic acid, bone turnover markers [serum carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP)] and BMD [lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH)] were measured at baseline, and after 12 months (T12) and 18 months (T18). Median serum CTX-I and BSAP levels were suppressed at T12 in comparison with baseline values: 0.183 to 0.039 ng/ml for CTX-I (p = 0.0002) and 16.95 to 13.96 U/l for BSAP (p = 0.005). At T18, both CTX-I and BSAP continued to be suppressed below baseline at 0.108 ng/ml and 12.23 U/l (p = 0.009 and p = 0.02, vs. T0). Significant increases in BMD at T18 as compared with T12 were observed in patients (median increase 6.1% for LS and 2.0% for TH). Zoledronic acid inhibits bone turnover effectively for 12 months, with evidence for continued suppression and gains in BMD even after 18 months.     

绝经后骨质疏松症患者血清几丁质酶壳三糖苷酶、血管活性肠肽水平与骨密度及骨代谢标志物的相关性研究

目的　探讨绝经后骨质疏松症（postmenopausal osteoporosis, PMOP） 患者血清几丁质酶壳三糖苷酶1（Chitortiosidase 1, CHIT1）,血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP）水平与骨密度及骨代谢标志物的相关性。方法　纳入厦门大学附属东南医院2017 年12 月～ 2020 年12 月收治的PMOP 患者60 例为PMOP 组,取同期于医院体检的绝经后妇女60 例为对照组,比较两组血清CHIT1 和VIP 水平、腰椎L1-4 和股骨颈的骨密度、甲状旁腺素（parathyroid hormone, PTH）、I 型羧基端交联端肽胶原（type I collage cross-linked-telopeptide, CTX）和I 型前胶原氨基端前肽（procollagen I N-terminal peptide, PINP）水平,分析上述指标的相关性,观察PMOP 发生的影响因素。结果　PMOP 组血清CHIT1（9.64±2.25）,CTX（0.52±0.13mg/L）,PINP（60.84±23.51 mg/L） 水平高于对照组（5.83±1.26nmol/mol/h,0.25±0.07mg/L, 39.83±12.52mg/L）,血清VIP（161.32±27.86 pg/ml）,PTH（10.49±2.52pmol/L）水平以及腰椎L1-4（0.74±0.13g/cm2）,股骨颈的骨密度（0.62±0.0.14g/cm2）低于对照组（302.61±43.92pg/ml,15.19±4.64pmol/L,1.19±0.16g/cm2,0.88±0.12g/cm2）, 差异均有统计学意义（t=6.110 ～ 21.042,均P=0.000）。PMOP 患者血清CHIT1 水平与血清PTH,腰椎L1-4,股骨颈的骨密度呈负相关（r=-0.327,-0.479,-0.485,均P ＜ 0.05）,与血清CTX,PINP 水平呈正相关（r=0.482,0.423,均P ＜ 0.05）,血清VIP 水平与血清PTH,腰椎L1-4,股骨颈的骨密度呈正相关（r=0.515,0.482,0.535,均P=0.000）,与血清CTX,PINP 水平呈负相关（r= -0.414,-0.386,均P ＜ 0.05）。Logistic 回归分析提示,CHIT1 ＞ 7.73nmol/mol/h 是PMOP 发生的危险因素,而VIP ＞ 231.97pg/ml,腰椎L1-4 骨密度＞ 0.97g/cm? 是预防PMOP 发生的保护性因素（P ＜ 0.05）。结论　PMOP 患者血清CHIT1 水平增高,而VIP 水平降低,且二者均与腰椎L1-4,股骨颈骨密度以及骨代谢标志物有相关性,临床有望将二者作为评估PMOP 病情的辅助指标。     

2型糖尿病女性患者骨密度与骨转换率的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)女性患者骨密度与骨转换及骨重建的相关性。方法回顾性分析纳入在南方医科大学第三附属医院内分泌科住院的201例T2DM女性患者住院期间的临床数据,采用双能X线骨密度仪,测量骨密度,包括腰椎、左侧股骨颈和髋部总体,将纳入对象分为骨量正常组85例(T>-1)、骨量减少组87例(-2.5 < T < -1)和骨质疏松组29例(T < -2.5),检测骨钙素N端中分子片段和β-Ⅰ型胶原C-末端交联分别评估骨形成和骨吸收。根据骨形成和骨吸收的T值分别计算骨转换率和骨重建率,比较T2DM患者骨质疏松组和骨量正常组患者的的骨转换率T值以及骨重建率T值的差异,并评估T2DM女性患者骨转换率T值和骨重建率T值与骨密度之间的相关性。结果T2DM女性患者骨质疏松组的骨转换率T值与T2DM女性患者骨量正常组的骨转换率T值差异有统计学意义(P=0.041),T2DM女性患者骨转换率T值与髋部骨密度负相关(r=-0.14,P =0.049)。校正糖化血红蛋白后,T2DM女性患者骨转换T值与髋部仍呈骨密度负相关(r=-0.144,P=0.043)。结论在T2DM女性患者中,随着骨转换率的增高,患者骨密度越低,并发低创伤性骨折的风险也会随之增高。     

Relationship between bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in hemodialysis patients

End-stage renal disease is closely associated with changes in bone and mineral metabolism. In recent times, osteoporosis has become important among hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this study, the investigators sought to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover among HD patients. A total of 70 uremic patients on a maintenance HD program for at least 1 y were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with conventional bicarbonated HD for 5 h through the use of low-flux hollow-fiber dialyzers. Bone densitometry was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine (LS) and the femoral neck (FN). BMD was classified according to World Health Organization criteria on the basis of BMD T scores. Biochemical bone turnover markers such as calcium, phosphorus, ionized calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, plasma bicarbonate, blood pH, serum albumin, and hematocrit levels were measured before the HD session in the morning. Male patients (n=37; 52.9%; mean age, 46.2+/-17.0 y) were assigned to a single study group, and female patients (n=33; 47.1%; mean age, 44.0+/-13.1 y) to another. Mean duration of HD treatment was 33.7+/-28.5 mo in females and 33.0+/-26.0 mo in males. Among all patients, BMD T scores in the osteopenia/osteoporosis range were observed at the LS in 58 patients (82.8%) and at the FN in 45 patients (64.3%). According to BMD measurements in FN T score, 10% of patients (n=7) were osteoporotic, 54.3% (n=38), osteopenic, and 35.7% (n=25), normal. On the other hand, in LS T score, the results were 47.1% (n=33) osteoporotic, 35.7% (n=25), osteopenic, and 17.1% (n=12), normal. No statistically significant association was found in osteopenia/osteoporosis between sexes according to FN and LS T score (P=.542, P=.267, respectively). No significant relationship was noted between BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover. A positive correlation was found between FN T scores of BMD and age (r=.413, P=.000). BMD T scores within the range of scores for osteopenia/osteoporosis were observed in 78.5% of patients at the LS and in 58.5% of patients at the FN. The investigators concluded that no correlation could be found between markers of bone turnover and bone mass measurements in both skeletal regions. LS T score results were worse than FN T score results. Elevated alkaline phosphastase levels combined with high intact parathyroid hormone levels are predictive of renal osteodystrophy but not of adynamic bone disease/osteoporosis.     

甲基睾丸素、钙剂对损毁弓状核老年大鼠骨丢失的干预研究

目的：观察甲基睾丸素、钙剂对新生期损毁弓状核老年雄性大鼠的第三腰椎、股骨的体积骨密度，性激素水平及胫骨干骺端微结构变化的影响。方法：选用18只新生期雄性SD大鼠，按体重随机分成损毁弓状核老年大鼠组（MA）、自然衰老大鼠组（NA）、损毁ARC老年大鼠治疗组（MT），同等条件下饲养至820日龄，处死大鼠收集血清行T和E2放免检测，取左侧胫骨干骺端行骨组织切片及组织形态计量学分析等。结果：MA组大鼠L3、股骨的体积骨密度均下降，T和E2水平显著下降，与NA组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。与MA组比较，MT组大鼠L3、股骨的体积骨密度、T和E2水平明显增加，胫骨干骺端％Tb．Ar、Tb．N、Tb．Th明显增加。结论：损毁弓状核的老年雄性大鼠骨丢失加速．提示下丘脑弓状核参与骨质疏松形成的调控，应用甲基睾丸素、钙剂可以阻止损毁弓状核老年大鼠骨丢失的发生。     

Bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal men

A cross-sectional study of 222 healthy Finnish men aged 20-69 years was performed to establish reference values of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The effects of age, and of some physical and lifestyle factors on BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur (femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter) were investigated. The maximal mean BMD was observed at the age of 20-29 years in all the measurement sites. Except for the trochanteric area, BMD diminished along with age, the over-all decrements being 4%, 11%, and 23% in the lumbar, femoral neck and Ward's triangle areas, respectively. BMD was in a positive relationship to weight and height in all the measurement sites. The adjusted (for age, height and weight) BMDs were higher (P less than 0.05) in the group of daily dietary calcium intake greater than 1200 mg as compared with the group of lowest calcium intake (less than 800 mg day-1) in the three femoral areas. Cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking had no obvious effect on BMD.     

Lipid profile, obesity and bone mineral density: the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) are positively correlated in several studies, but few data relate bone density, lipid profile and anthropometric measures. AIM: To investigate these relationships in a large, well-characterized cohort of men and women (The Hertfordshire Cohort Study). METHODS: Men (n = 465) and women (n = 448) from Hertfordshire, UK were recruited. Information was available on demographic and lifestyle factors, anthropometric measurements, body fat percentage, fasting triglycerides, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL), apolipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein (b); bone mineral density (BMD) was recorded at the lumbar spine and total femur. RESULTS: BMD at the lumbar spine (males r = 0.15, p = 0.001; females r = 0.14, p = 0.003) and total femoral region (males r = 0.18, p = 0.0001; females r = 0.16, p = 0.0008) was related to serum triglyceride level, even after adjustment for waist-hip ratio, age, social class and lifestyle factors, but not if body fat percentage was substituted for waist-hip ratio in the regression model. Fasting HDL cholesterol level was related to lumbar spine BMD in women (r = -0.15, p = 0.001) and total femoral BMD in both sexes (males r = -0.15, p = 0.002; females r = -0.23, p < 0.0001); these relationships were also attenuated by adjustment for body fat percentage but not waist-hip ratio. No relationships were seen between total or LDL cholesterol with BMD. DISCUSSION: In this cohort, relationships between lipid profile and BMD were robust to adjustment for one measure of central obesity (waist-hip ratio), but not total body fat. This broadly supports the idea that adiposity may confound the relationship between lipids and bone mass.     

老年人骨密度、骨代谢相关内分泌激素与冠状动脉钙化的相关性研究

【目的】评估老年人腰椎骨密度（BMD）、骨代谢相关内分泌激素与冠状动脉钙化的相关性。【方法】选取有冠心病病史的患者68例,用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰椎BMD,多层螺旋CT检测冠状动脉钙化,分析腰椎BMD和冠脉钙化积分及二者共同的危险因素的关系。【结果】57．1％患者有冠脉钙化,47％的人群有骨质疏松症,26％有低骨量,平均BMD为（161．6士37．2）mg／mL,腰椎BMD与冠状动脉钙化积分显著负相关（OR=1．35;95％CI,1．08—1．70）。校正年龄后二者的相关性降低（OR=1．19;95％CI,0．94—151）,但仍呈负相关。进一步校正影响BMD和冠状动脉钙化积分之间共有协变量后,腰椎BMD与冠状动脉钙化积分显著负相关（OR=1．19;95％CI,0．81—1．74）。【结论】腰椎BMD与冠状动脉钙化显著负相关,这种相关性与年龄不相关,独立于影响BMD和冠状动脉钙化之间的共同的危险因素,并没有雌激素的影响。     

双磷酸盐联合化疗对多发性骨髓瘤患者骨密度的影响

本研究探讨双磷酸盐联合化疗对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者骨密度(BMD)的影响及检测BMD在双磷酸盐治疗MM骨病中的临床应用价值。53例MM患者(33例初治、10例复发/难治、10例平台期)分为2组,氯膦酸盐联合化疗组33例,单纯化疗组20例,两组患者化疗方案完全相同。分别在治疗前和治疗12个月后采用HologicQDR22000型双能X线骨密度仪测量全身、腰椎L1-L4椎体及左股骨近端的BMD值。结果表明,由于样本量较小,且为随机抽取,治疗前2组BMD略有差异,氯膦酸盐联合化疗组全身和腰椎的BMD值略低于单纯化疗组,左股骨颈BMD值2组间无统计学差异。治疗12个月后2组间BMD比较无统计学差异。但氯膦酸盐联合化疗组全身、腰椎及左股骨近端的BMD较治疗前均有明显上升(P<0.01);而单纯化疗组全身及腰椎的BMD与治疗前相比反而有所下降(P<0.01),但左股骨近端BMD值较治疗前有所提高(P=0.01)。结论:双磷酸盐联合化疗对MM患者BMD有良好的作用,检测BMD简便易行,是监测双膦酸盐治疗MM骨病的敏感指标,有临床实用价值。     

定量CT评估1型糖尿病患者股骨骨密度和骨强度

[目的] 采用定量CT评估1型糖尿病患者股骨骨密度和骨强度,并探讨其与胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的相关性.[方法] 选择本院收治的25例1型糖尿病患者为观察组,选择同期在本院健康体检的25例健康者为对照组.通过三维定量CT计算股骨不同部位体积骨密度(vBMD)和骨强度,检测血清IGF-1、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP)、骨钙素(sOC)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽(PⅠNP),分析1型糖尿病患者股骨骨密度和骨强度与IGF-1之间的相关性.[结果] 与对照组比较,观察组股骨颈皮质vBMD明显降低[(582.5±27.7) mg/cm3 vs (558.1± 31.9) mg/cm3,P<0.05] ;股骨粗隆总vBMD、皮质厚度和皮质横截面积显著降低[(258.4 ± 42.9) mg/cm3 vs(223.7± 27.3)mg/cm3;(3.3 ± 0.7)mm vs(2.8 ± 0.5)mm;(5.3 ± 1.2)cm2 vs (4.3 ± 0.5)cm2;均P<0.01] .与对照组比较,观察组屈曲比(BR)显著增加[(10.8 ±1.8) vs(12.9±1.9), P<0.01] .观察组和对照组血清B-ALP、sOC、PⅠNP水平比较,差异无统计学差异(P>0.05).血清IGF-1与1型糖尿病患者股骨颈总vBMD呈显著正相关性(r=0.48;P<0.05).[结论] 定量CT发现1型糖尿病患者股骨粗隆间vBMD、皮质横截面积和皮质厚度较低,血清IGF-1水平可显著影响1型糖尿病患者股骨颈总vBMD.     

Bone mineral density, body height, and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in middle-aged men

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been suggested to account for some of the genetic variation in bone mass. However, the relationship has been controversial. It has been suggested that environmental factors such as physical activity may be one of the many reasons for this controversy.AIM. We investigated the possible interactions of VDR gene polymorphisms and low to moderate intensity exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in a four-year controlled, randomized intervention trial in 140 middle-aged Finnish men. METHOD: The TaqI, FokI, and ApaI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-markers of the VDR gene were evaluated. BMDs of the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, and total proximal femur were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition, the relations of the VDR gene polymorphism with bone turnover markers (serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b activity and serum osteocalcin concentration) were evaluated. RESULTS: At the randomization, the subjects with the VDR TaqI Tt or tt genotype had a greater body height than the subjects with TT genotype (P=0.001). In addition, the association of VDR TaqI polymorphism with femoral BMD was found. The Tt or tt genotype associated with higher femoral neck values than the TT genotype (P=0.003) at randomization. After adjusting the femoral neck for body height, the association remained (P=0.021). We did not find any association between VDR gene polymorphism and bone turnover markers or any interactions of VDR gene polymorphisms and exercise on BMD. CONCLUSIONS: The TaqI polymorphism may be associated with body height and femoral neck BMD values. The present findings also suggest that the VDR polymorphisms do not modify the effect of regular aerobic exercise on BMD. However, more randomized controlled exercise trials are needed to investigate the role of exercise intensity on VDR gene polymorphisms, and the role of VDR gene polymorphisms on BMD.     

Bone mineral density in patients with stroke

The objectives of this study were to investigate the development and pathogenesis of osteoporosis in stroke in-patients, to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of the paretic and non-paretic sides, to study longitudinal changes during the period on the rehabilitation ward and to relate BMD to demographic, impairment and disability variables. Participants were 32 first-stroke in-patients (19 men), with an average age of 62.4 +/- 8.1 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics were documented. The BMD of lumbar spine, bilateral distal radius and femoral neck were measured and compared at admission and discharge. The associations between bone loss and age, sex, time since stroke, Brunnstrom motor recovery scores and functional independence measure motor (mFIM) scores were assessed. The mean percentage differences in BMD between paretic and non-paretic arms at discharge were 12% (P < 0.001) and 3.5% (P < 0.05), respectively, and between paretic and non-paretic legs were 5% (P < 0.01) and 2% (P < 0.05), respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between BMD loss and Brunnstrom stage (r = -0.41) and mFIM score at admission (r = -0.42). In conclusion, patients with hemiparesis due to stroke are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis on the paretic side. Higher motor impairment and functional dependency at admission increases the risk. New strategies are needed for stroke patients to prevent further decreases in BMD and reduce the risk of fractures.