荧光定量PCR在乙型肝炎病毒检测中的应用及临床意义

目的　探讨乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)感染者不同血清免疫标志物模式与HBVDNA定量的关系。方法　对10 2 5份临床血清标本用荧光定量聚合酶链反应 (FQ PCR)的方法进行HBVDNA定量检测 ,并同时用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)进行乙肝免疫学指标的对比检测。结果　HBsAg( + )、HBeAg( + )、HBcAb( + )模式HBVDNA阳性率为 99.2 % ( 390 / 393) ,其平均拷贝数为 4 .6 5× 10 8拷贝 /ml;在HBsAg( + )、HBeAb( + )、HBcAb( + )模式中HBVDNA阳性率为 6 2 .5 % ( 2 6 1/ 4 17) ;而 6 8例HBsAg( + )、HBcAb( + )模式中 ,2 6例 (占 38.2 % )检出HBVDNA。结论　单凭血清免疫标志物模式难以准确判断HBV的复制程度及传染性的强弱 ,定量检测HBVDNA能真实反映HBV复制情况 ,为乙型肝炎的诊断及治疗监测提供客观依据     

HBV-M与HBV-DNA的定量关系探讨

目的:探讨时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(TRFIA)检测乙型肝炎患者血清免疫标志物(HBV-M)与实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)定量检测乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)含量之间的关系。方法:采用FQ-PCR技术检测239例患者血清中HBV-DNA含量,同时用TRFIA检测乙型肝炎病毒五项标志物及含量,并对各项检测结果进行统计学分析,同时以HBV-DNA拷贝数的对数为横坐标,HBV-M含量的对数为纵坐标,求线性回归及相关系数(r)。结果:239例乙肝患者血清中,HBV-DNA的阳性率与HBV-M不同组合之间有差异,HBsAg+/HBeAg+/HBcAb+组HBV-DNA的阳性检出率明显高于其它组,达96.33%(105/109),HBsAg+/HBeAb+/HBcAb+组为43.90%(54/123),HBsAg+/HBcAb+组为42.86%(3/7)。并且随HBsAg、HBeAg含量增高,HBV-DNA含量也增高,存在一定的相关性(r=0.364,r=0.536)。抗-HBs,抗-HBe及抗-HBc与HBV-DNA之间,无明显相关性。结论:HBeAg阳性是病毒复制的重要指标;抗-HBe的出现不能作为HBV复制停止的指标;HBsAg、HBeAg浓度与HBV-DNA之间有良好的相关性,HBsAg和HBeAg浓度变化可以作为临床评价乙肝病毒复制程度和抗病毒疗效的参考指标;联合采用TRFIA检测HBV-M与FQ-PCR定量检测HBV-DNA能更早的诊断HBV感染,了解病毒的复制情况和观察疗效及判断预后。     

荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA的临床价值

目的:检测血清中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA拷贝数,以探讨乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)与血清免疫标志物的关系。方法:荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测血清样本中HBV-DNA含量;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测HBV血清标志物(HBVM)。结果:在HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)HBcAb(+)组(大三阳组)患者血清HBV-DNA阳性率为97.63%(371/380),平均拷贝数为1.86×107/ml;HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)组HBV-DNA阳性率为95.65%(22/23),平均拷贝数为1.75×107/ml;HBsAg(+)HBeAb(+)HBcAb(+)组(小三阳组)患者血清HBV-DNA阳性率为43.68%(83/190),平均拷贝数为4.85×105/ml;HBsAg(+)HBcAb(+)组血清HBV-DNA阳性率为82.22%(37/45),平均拷贝数为2.17×105/m1;小三阳及HBsAg(+)HBcAb(+)组HBV-DNA阳性检出率及拷贝数均低于大三阳及HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)组,与之比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);HBVM全阴性组HBV-DNA检出率为1.78%(2/112),平均拷贝数为1.48×105/ml。结论:荧光定量PCR在乙肝的诊断、判断传染性强弱及评价抗病毒治疗效果方面具有较大的临床应用价值。     

皖北地区乙型肝炎患者HBV血清标志物与HBV-DNA定量检测的比较

目的:比较乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物(HBV-M)与HBV-DNA定量检测的结果。方法:采用酶联免疫法检测388例患者血清HBV-M,同时用荧光定量-聚合酶链反应检测其HBV-DNA含量。结果:乙型肝炎大三阳组患者血清HBV-DNA阳性率为91.25%,阳性患者中HBV拷贝数为107 IU/ml的所占比例最多,小三阳组阳性患者中HBV拷贝数以103 IU/ml为主,大三阳组患者血清HBV-DNA阳性率高于小三阳组(P0.05);HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(±)、抗-HBc(+)组阳性率为66.67%;HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、抗HBc(-)组阳性患者中以105 IU/ml和106 IU/ml为主;HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(-)、HBcAb(+)组阳性率为30.77%。结论:乙型肝炎患者中HBeAg(+)者病毒复制水平最高,其与HBV-DNA密切相关;抗-HBe(+)、抗-HBc(+)患者病毒复制并非完全停止,但其复制水平明显降低;联合检测血清HBV-M与HBV-DNA可反映乙型肝炎患者免疫反应状态和病毒复制水平,为临床监测病情和用药提供实验依据。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染者HBV DNA与血清病毒标志物的关系

目的　探讨乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)感染者HBVDNA检出情况及其与血清病毒标志物的关系。方法　采用实时荧光定量PCR(FQ PCR)检测 2 0 0份HBV感染者血清中HBVDNA含量 ,同时用全自动免疫分析仪检测HBV 5项血清标志物。结果　 2 0 0份血清中 ,乙型肝炎病毒标志物不同组合组的HBVDNA阳性率有差异 ,HBsAg、HBeAg和 (或 )HBcAb阳性组阳性率约为 98.1% ,其中 96 %以上HBVDNA≥ 10 4copy/ml;HBsAg、HBcAb和 (或 )HBeAb阳性组HBVDNA阳性率约为 76 .5 % ,但其中 90 %以上HBVDNA≤ 10 4copy/ml;单纯HBV抗体阳性组HBVDNA阳性率约为13.0 % ,但均为HBVDNA≤ 10 3 copy/ml。三组间HBVDNA阳性率及分布均有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。而且HBVDNA含量与疾病严重程度相关。结论　FQ PCR检测HBVDNA含量结合血清病毒标志物的检测结果对乙型肝炎的临床诊断与病情判断有重要意义     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应定量检测乙型肝炎病毒-DNA与酶联免疫吸附试验定性检测乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物的对比分析

目的:探讨血清中乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)-DNA与乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物(HBV-M)之间的关系及临床意义.方法采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附测定试验(ELISA)法分别检测845例患者的血清HBV-DNA和HBV-M含量,并对其结果进行统计对比分析.结果: 845份患者血清标本中,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性(HBsAg+)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阳性(HBeAg+)、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体阳性(HBcAb+)模式(1.3.5.模式)的HBV-DNA阳性率为87.5%, HBV-DNA含量以中、高拷贝为主;HBsAg+、乙型肝炎病毒e抗体阳性(HBeAb+)、HBcAb+模式(1.4.5.模式)的HBV-DNA阳性率为26.3%,HBsAg+、HBcAb+模式(1.5.模式)的HBV-DNA阳性率为32.4%,其含量均以中、低拷贝数为主.1.3.5.模式患者血清HBV-DNA含量和阳性率与1.4.5.模式和1.5.模式差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);1.4.5.模式与1.5.模式患者血清之间的HBV-DNA含量和阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论: HBeAg和HBV-DNA联合检测,更能反映乙型肝炎患者HBV感染、传染性及体内复制情况.     

FQ-PCR检测HBV DNA效果分析

目的检测血清中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA拷贝数,分析乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)与血清免疫标志物的关系。方法采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测血清样本中HBV-DNA含量;同时酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测HBV血清标志物(HBVM),并对检测结果进行分析。结果在HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)HBcAb(+)组(大三阳组)和HBsAg(+) HBeAg(+)组HBV-DNA阳性率分别为96.1%（298/310）和96.6%（28/29）,病毒含量为：1.85×108copies/ml;HBsAg(+)HBeAb(+)HBcAb(+)组(小三阳组)和HBsAg(+)HBcAb(+)组患者血清HBV-DNA阳性率分别为44.2%(80/181)和82.9%（31/41）,病毒含量为：4.8×106copies/ml。血清中HBeAg与HBVDNA含量密切相关。结论荧光定量PCR在乙肝的诊断、判断传染性强弱及评价抗病毒治疗效果方面具有较大的临床应用价值。     

实时荧光PCR检测乙肝病毒DNA的临床意义

目的对实时荧光定量PCR测定的472例HBV-DNA结果进行分析,以探讨其临床价值。方法对472份临床血清标本用ELISA法进行定性检测,并依据乙肝两对半定性结果进行归类分组,再用实时荧光PCR定量检测。结果92份HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、HBcAb(+)标本中有89份HBV-DNA为阳性,阳性率为96.7%,其PCR定量拷贝数为(3.23±1.45)×107/ml;168份HBsAg(+)、HBeAb(+)、HBcAb(+)标本有118份HBV-DNA阳性,阳性率达到70.2%,PCR定量拷贝数为(4.65±2.10)×105/ml;32份HBsAg(+)、HBcAb(+)标本中有11份HBV-DNA为阳性,阳性率为34.4%,PCR定量拷贝数为(1.92±1.54)×104/ml;62份HBsAb(+)的标本HBV-DNA阳性2例,阳性率为3.2%,PCR定量拷贝数为(5.45±1.14)×103;60份全阴性的标本HBV-DNA阳性1例,阳性率为1.7%,PCR定量拷贝数为(2.36±1.12)×104/ml。结论PCR定量测定HBV-DNA可以真实反映体内乙肝病毒感染和复制及病毒载量情况,更有利于临床治疗和疗效观察。     

HBV-DNA与乙肝两对半检测结果的相关性探讨

目的:探讨HBV-DNA的检出情况与乙肝两对半结果之间的关系。方法:运用荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测307例疑似乙肝患者血清中的HBV-DNA,同时运用ELISA方法进行两对半指标的检测,并对结果进行相关性探讨。结果:HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)HBcAb(+)组(大三阳组)患者血清HBV-DNA检出率为98.8%(84/85),平均拷贝数为1.82E+07/ml;HBsAg(+)HBeAb(+)HBcAb(+)组(小三阳组)患者血清HBV-DNA检出率为64.6%(53/82),平均拷贝数为1.82E+04/ml;HBsAg(+)HBcAb(+)组血清HBV-DNA检出率为63.6%(7/11),平均拷贝数为7.94E+04/ml。结论:血清HBV-DNA水平与HBVM表现模式有关,HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+)/HBcAb(+)的标本HBV-DHA值显著高于HBsAg(+)/HBeAb(+)/HBcAb(+)的标本和HBsAg(+)/HBcAb(+)的标本,提示HBsAg与HBeAg的存在影响HBV-DNA水平。FQ-PCR能实现准确定量,可以检测HBV的真实感染和复制情况,对于乙型肝炎的临床诊断、治疗方案的选择和疗效考察有较大的指导意义。     

378例HBV血清学指标10种模式组合的HBV-DNA定量检测

目的:探索不同血清学组合HBV-DNA的含量方法:对378例不同血清学指标的门诊患者进行HBV-DNA定量检测结果:HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb模式阳性率为88.5%(124/140),其平均COPY#指数为6.5±1.53;HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb模式阳性率为18%(27/150),其平均COPY#指数为5.22±1.35;HBsAg、HBcAb模式阳性率为34.8%(8/23),其平均COPY#指数为6.9±1.39;HBsAg、HBeAg模式的阳性率为90%(18/20),其平均COPY#指数为6.9±1.01;HBsAg、HBsAb、HBcAb模式阳性率为100%(4/4),其平均COPY#指数为6.9±1.01;HBsAg+HBeAg、HBcAb模式阳性率为67.7%(2/3),其平均COPY#指数为6.5±0.71;6例HBsAb、HBeAb、HBcAb,8例HbCAb阳性,22例阴性,2例HBsAg.HBeAg+HBcAb患者HBV-DNA量均为试剂检出范围以下。结论:HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb,均为阳性HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb模式;在血清学转型的过程中HBV-DNA高复制状态;从而也说明了HBeAg阳性并非传染非HBV的唯一指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.