双介入法治疗原发性肝癌疗效的临床研究

目的 评价双介入方法治疗原发性肝癌的临床应用价值.方法 选择2004年3月至2006年3月期间在我院进行介入治疗的原发性肝癌患者137例,其中行单纯性肝动脉化疗栓塞87例(TACE组),行肝动脉化疗栓塞和经皮肝穿多弹头射频消融双介入治疗50例(gg介入组).全部病例定期做CT复查和AFP测定,观察肿瘤的客观疗效.结果 TACE组肿瘤客观有效率(CR PR)为34.5%,AFP下降幅度54.2%,2年生存率为43.7%;双介入组客观有效率为70.0%,AFP下降幅度78.0%,2年生存率为62.0%,2组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 双介入方法治疗原发性肝癌疗效肯定,优于单纯应用TACE治疗.     

RFA联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

目的观察射频消融术(RFA)联合导管动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)治疗晚期肝癌的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2005年6月～2011年6月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肝胆外科92例接受TACE及RFA治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌患者,其中88例具有完整的临床治疗过程及随访资料,共43例接受TACE治疗(TACE组),45例接受TACE联合RFA治疗(TACE.RFA组),两组患者的一般临床资料及肿瘤情况差异无统计学意义,比较其生存状况并予以分层分析。结果手术前后螺旋CT摄片或彩超比较显示消融效果良好,两组治疗后肿瘤坏死总有效率(CR+PR)分别为67.4%(29/43)、91.1%(41/45),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接受RFA的患者与对照组相比其生存质量及生存时间均有显著提高。结论对于难以手术切除的原发性肝癌患者,RAF联合TACE的治疗效果明显优于单纯TACE。     

不同介入治疗模式对晚期肝癌患者的疗效分析

目的 评价不同介入治疗模式治疗晚期肝癌的临床疗效.方法 不能手术治疗的晚期肝癌患者186例,将186例患者分成3组.A组62例,采取肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE);B组60例,采取射频消融(RFA)治疗;C组64例,采取TACE联合RFA治疗,比较三组患者介入治疗效果.结果 C组患者肿瘤完全反应率、血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)变化以及介入治疗后1、3年存活率明显高于A、B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A、B组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 TACE联合RFA治疗肝癌,疗效显著,可提高患者短期生存率.     

沙利度胺对原发性肝癌介入栓塞术后血管生长因子的影响

目的 本研究旨在评价沙利度胺对原发性肝癌介入栓塞术后血管生长因子的影响,探索以介入治疗为主的中晚期肝癌的综合治疗模式.方法 以肝动脉栓塞术前1周内及术后30天血管内皮生长因子水平为观察终点指标,并观察沙利度胺的不良反应.采用前瞻性随机对照研究,对2006年2月～2006年8月就诊我科的68例原发性肝癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予沙利度胺200 mg/d口服1～6个月联合TACE,对照组单纯行TACE.TACE用药选用吉西它滨0.4～1.6 g、奥沙利铂100～200 mg、氟脲嘧啶脱氧核苷 0.5～1.0 g, 栓塞剂选用碘化油、明胶海绵.以双抗夹心ELISA法检测血VEGF水平.结果 介入治疗后两组患者的VEGF水平均有升高,但联合沙利度胺组VEGF升高幅度明显低于单纯介入栓塞组,两组有显著性差异(P《0.05).结论 口服沙利度胺可降低原发性肝癌介入栓塞术后的血管内皮生长因子水平,提示沙利度胺联合TACE可能进一步提高原发性肝癌介入栓塞治疗的效果.     

血清IGF-Ⅱ在肝癌患者TACE介入治疗前后的变化

目的：探讨原发性肝癌患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ（IGF-Ⅱ）在肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）介入治疗前、后水平变化的临床意义.方法：原发性肝癌患者33例,健康体检者48例,采用放射免疫法,测定健康体检者及介入治疗前后的肝癌患者血清IGF-Ⅱ水平.结果：介入治疗前、后血清IGF-Ⅱ水平均显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.001）.其中治疗有效组20例,介入治疗前和治疗后血清IGF-Ⅱ水平的比较,显示第2次TACE治疗以后血清IGF-Ⅱ水平逐渐降低,有统计学显著意义（P＜0.01或P＜0.001）.无效组13例,介入治疗前与治疗后血清IGF-Ⅱ水平的比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：多次TACE可降低原发性肝癌患者治疗有效者血清IGF-Ⅱ的水平,检测血清IGF-Ⅱ可作为诊断原发性肝癌及评价TACE疗效、复发、转移及肝癌预后的指标.     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合乌苯美司胶囊对中晚期复发性肝细胞癌治疗的疗效分析

目的：分析中晚期复发性肝癌患者接受肝动脉栓塞化疗联合乌苯美司胶囊与单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗的疗效差异。
　　方法：回顾分析2011年3月—2014年4月肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗的术后复发性肝癌及治疗后肝内复发的中晚期肝细胞癌患者68例。其中联合治疗组（34例）接受肝动脉栓塞化疗联合乌苯美司胶囊,对照组（34例）予以肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗。观察治疗后的效果和不良反应情况。
　　结果：联合治疗组有效率直径<3cm、3~5cm者优于对照组（P<0.05）;联合治疗组再次肝动脉栓塞化疗的间隔时间明显优于对照组（P<0.05);联合治疗组直径<3cm、3~5cm的患者生活质量较对照组明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合治疗组肝功能Child-Pugh分级改善明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;肿瘤直径>5cm者在治疗有效率、生活质量和肝功能改善等方面两组均无统计学差异（P>0.05）;治疗后发热、疼痛恶心呕吐及肾功能改变两组无统计学差异（P>0.05）;联合治疗组白细胞的计数减较对照组少,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
　　结论：肝动脉栓塞化疗联合乌苯美司治疗中晚期复发性肝癌效果明显,优于单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗,尤其是对肿瘤直径<3cm及3~5cm的小肝癌临床疗效好。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合无水酒精消融术治疗原发性肝癌的效果观察

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合无水酒精消融术(PEI)治疗原发性肝癌的效果。方法按随机数表法将80例原发性肝癌患者分为2组,每组40例。对照组采用TACE,观察组采用TACE联合PEI。比较2组的疗效及肝功能指标。结果观察组缓解率略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组肝功能各项指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TACE联合PEI治疗原发性肝癌,可在一定程度上改善肝功能和缓解肿瘤进展。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术加或不加射频消融治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法对2013年1月至2014年5月行 TACE 联合 RFA 治疗的81例中晚期原发性肝癌病人资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期单独行 TACE 的99例中晚期原发性肝癌病人进行疗效比较。结果TACE 联合 RFA 治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌病人疗效明显好于单纯行 TACE 组病人,TACE联合 RFA 组在肿瘤的疾病控制率(93.8%)、完全缓解率(13.6%)及部分缓解率(44.4%)均优于单纯行 TACE 组(76.8%、5.1%、30.3%),P <0.05;AFP 下降水平也优于单纯行 TACE 组(P <0.05)。结论TACE 联合 RFA 治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效好,可做临床推广。     

射频消融联合肝动脉插管化疗栓塞治疗原发性小肝癌

目的比较射频消融联合动脉插管化疗栓塞(TACE)和单独射频消融对肝癌的治疗效果.方法对17例肿瘤结节小于3cm的小肝癌病人共23个肝癌结节进行射频消融治疗.其中,12个结节采用射频消融联合TACE治疗.结果联合治疗组平均毁损最大直径(40.8±3.1mm)明显大于单独射频组(37.8±2.8mm)(P＜0.05).随访期间,联合治疗组1例(11.1%)复发,单独射频组1例(12.3%)复发.联合治疗组并发症与单独射频组比较,无明显差异.结论射频消融联合TACE与单独射频治疗比较,可以增加肝癌治疗的效果.     

射频消融术联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨射频消融术(RFA)联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(肝癌)的效果。方法选取2013-01—2016-01间在灵宝市第一人民医院接受治疗的28例肝癌患者。将接受RFA治疗的患者设为对照组,将行TACE联合RFA治疗的患者作为观察组,各14例。比较2组治疗效果。结果 (1)术后2组患者的临床症状均明显缓解,AFP较术前下降,均未出现严重并发症。术后1个月观察组患者的疾病控制率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)观察组1 a、2 a生存率和中位生存期均优于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单纯RFA比较,采用RFA联合TACE方法治疗手术切除困难的肝癌,可延长患者的生存期。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

Intraoperative autotransfusion is associated with modest reduction of allogeneic transfusion in prosthetic hip surgery

Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r²=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.     

缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响

目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    （1）常氧（21% O₂）及缺氧（1% O₂）分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK-52E）48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。（2）在共培养实验中,以不同浓度（1、10、50、100、300 mg/L）的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、诱导型氮氧化物合酶（iNOS）水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化（p）STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1（SOCS1）的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA（microRNA,miR）的表达差异。 结果    （1）离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。（2）缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌（均P＜0.01）,同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达（均P＜0.01）;对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高（P＜0.05）。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。     

In Vitro Function and Durability Assessment of a Novel Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.     

Negative pressure ventilation vs. spontaneous assisted ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy: A controlled randomised trial

Background: Ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB) under general anaesthesia (jet ventilation, positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous assisted ventilation) may offer some difficulties. This study compares the effectiveness during IRB of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) and spontaneous assisted ventilation (SAV). Methods: Thirty-eight patients submitted to IRB were randomised into two groups: SAV or INPV. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia; INPV patients were paralysed. Pre-and intra-operative arterial blood gases and O₂ flow through a rigid bronchoscope were assessed. The endoscopist applying a subjective score evaluated the operating conditions. Results: Patients of the INPV group, as compared to the SAV group, required a lower dosage of fentanyl (2.6 ± 1.8 (μg · kg^?1· h^?1 vs. 6.6 ± 4.8 μg · kg^?1· h^?1), a lower O₂ supply (3.3 ± 2.8 1/min vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 1/min), a shorter recovery time (5.4 ± 2.9 min vs. 9.8 ± 7.1 min) and no manually assisted ventilation (0 ± 0 vs. 1 ± 1.1 nd?/procedure). Intraoperative PaCO₂ was higher in the SAV (8.1 ± 1.3 kPa) than in the INPV group (5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) and intraoperative pH differed in the two groups (7.26 ± 0.05, SAV vs. 7.47 ± 0.08, INPV). Operating conditions, as assessed by a subjective score, were considered better with INPV than with SAV (4.9 vs. 4.3). Conclusions: As compared to SAV, INPV in paralysed patients during IRB reduces administration of opioids, shortens recovery time, prevents respiratory acidosis, excludes the need for manually assisted ventilation, reduces 02 need and affords optimal surgical conditions. INPV appears a safe, non-invasive and effective ventilatory management during IRB.