儿童肾血管性高血压23例临床分析

目的分析儿童肾血管性高血压的临床特点及治疗。方法回顾性分析2004年2月至2014年12月收治的14岁肾血管性高血压患儿的临床资料。结果 23例肾血管性高血压患儿,男15例、女8例,平均年龄(8.5±2.1)岁(0.6~14岁)。收缩压159.4~217.3 mm Hg,舒张压98.5~159.5 mm Hg。病因以肾动脉纤维肌发育不良和多发性大动脉炎为主。首发表现以头痛、呕吐、抽搐多见。立位和卧位的肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮检查,大部分患儿有所增高。全部患儿均行β-受体阻滞剂和钙离子拮抗剂及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗,其中20例采用2种以上药物联合治疗。18例患儿经介入治疗后,血压维持正常17例、术后再狭窄1例,服用ACEI维持血压正常5例。结论儿童肾血管性高血压疾病易误诊、漏诊,但确诊后经介入治疗预后良好。     

分肾静脉取血测肾素活性诊断原发性肾动脉狭窄致高血压一例

1 病历摘要 患儿,女,7岁,因血压升高3个月入院.患儿于3个月前突然出现头痛、呕吐,立即到当地医院就诊,测血压为200/160 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),头颅CT示:颅内出血(脑干血肿).予静脉滴注硝普钠,血压控制不理想(160/110 mm Hg左右).无尿频、尿急、尿痛,无少尿及血尿史,无发作性软瘫,无高血压家族史.既往有反复扁桃体炎病史.双肾螺旋CT血管造影联合三维血管重建:左肾动脉上级分支起始段明显狭窄,左肾动脉狭窄.当地医院诊断为肾动脉狭窄性高血压,予左肾动脉结扎术,术后未服降压药物血压可维持在110/85 mm Hg左右,术后第5天无明显诱因血压再次升高,可达160/110 mm Hg,加服硝苯地平控释片、倍他洛克(酒石酸美托洛尔)后,将血压维持在120/95 mm Hg左右,为进一步明确高血压病因来我院就诊.     

小儿巨输尿管致肾血管性高血压1例

儿童肾血管性高血压主要由一侧或双侧肾动脉或其主要分支狭窄或闭塞造成。肾血管性高血压常见原因有多发性大动脉炎和肾动脉肌纤维增生症，我国以大动脉炎最多见。巨输尿管继发肾血管性高血压临床并不常见，本院于2010年11月治疗1例，现报告如下：     

儿童肾血管性高血压的临床特点

目的 探讨儿童肾血管性高血压(RVH)的临床特点.方法 收集在本院住院治疗的10例RVH患儿的临床资料,回顾性分析其病因分布、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗情况.采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学处理.结果 先天性疾病占RVH患儿的80％(8/10例).50％(5/10例)以头痛为首发症状,以高血压脑病起病者占30％(3/10例),60％(6/10例)患儿肾脏受累,70％( 7/10例)患儿心脏受累.63％(5/8例)的患儿清晨血浆肾素水平增高,5例行双侧肾静脉及下腔静脉肾素水平测定,显示狭窄侧肾静脉肾素水平高于对侧肾静脉及下腔静脉,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)与数字减影血管造影比较,仅1例双肾动脉狭窄患儿MSCTA检查漏诊左肾动脉狭窄,余患儿2种检查方法显示的肾动脉狭窄部位和程度完全一致.RVH均为严重、药物难以控制的高血压,80％的患儿联合应用2种以上抗高血压药物,1例行肾动脉血管成形术,1例行肾动脉支架置入,术后观察收缩压降低超过2 kPa,降压药物减量.结论 RVH患儿中先天性疾病占多数,其早期临床表现缺乏特异性,极易误诊、漏诊;RVH可造成患儿心、脑、肾等重要器官损害;测定肾素水平可以协助诊断;MSCTA在一定程度上可替代有创性的选择性肾动脉造影;血管内治疗儿童RVH有一定疗效.     

肾血管性高血压13例临床分析

肾血管性高血压(RVH)是各种原因引起的肾动脉及主要分支狭窄和闭塞,引起肾血流减少或缺血所致的高血压,占儿童继发性高血压的12%[1],严重危害儿童健康,早期发现、积极干预有助于改善预后.本研究对本院近年来收治的13例肾血管性高血压临床资料进行分析.     

腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤术后顽固性高血压一例及文献复习

目的 通过治疗腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤术后顽固性高血压及文献复习,提高对儿童肾血管性高血压的认识,探讨有效的治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析1例因腹膜后巨大畸胎瘤术后顽固性高血压,而在术后第9天再次手术切除左侧肾治疗高血压的临床资料.并通过检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普数据库、Pubmed、Springer Link、Google Scholar等数据库和检索平台,对儿童肾血管高血压的中英文文献进行系统性综述,总结儿童肾血管性高血压的临床特点及诊治经验.结果 本例左侧肾切除术后恢复良好,病理证实为儿童肾血管性高血压,术后随访半年血压等各项指标均正常.共检索到符合纳入标准的患儿364例,其中2例先介入治疗效果差而后实施了肾切除;1例介入治疗后症状无缓解,而行肾动脉病变血管切除再吻合术,高血压症状才逐步缓解.术后随访6个月至12年不等,患儿血压均正常.结论 儿童肾血管性高血压为严重、药物难以控制的高血压,病因不同,治疗方法各异,除非其它治疗方法无效,切除肾需严格把握指征.     

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目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在儿童肾血管性高血压诊断中的临床价值。方法山东大学山东省立医院儿科2002年以来,经MSCTA肾动脉成像确诊为血管性高血压的患儿8例,8例行彩色多普勒超声肾血流检查,6例行X线血管造影(XRA)检查,将MSCTA检查结果与彩色多普勒超声肾血流和XRA检查结果进行比较。MSCTA扫描参数取准直0·75mm,螺距1,管电压为90~120kV,管电流为120~150mA。扫描结束后对每一病例均行曲面重建(CPR)、多平面重建(MPR)、容积再现(VR)和最大强度投影(MIP)重建。结果8例中MSCTA显示10条肾动脉狭窄,左侧6条,右侧4条,其中2例为两侧肾动脉狭窄;8条为起始段狭窄,2条为肾动脉中段狭窄;狭窄长度0·2~1·0cm,Ⅰ级狭窄1条,Ⅱ级狭窄6条,Ⅲ级狭窄3条。MSCTA尚可见6例肾缩小,平均长径为7·1cm,低于健肾1·5cm以上;1例伴有腹主动脉壁增厚,管腔狭窄,直径约1·0cm;6例行腹主动脉或选择性肾动脉造影者与MSCTA显示肾动脉狭窄部位和程度完全一致。8例行彩色多普勒超声检查者,亦可见6例肾缩小,但仅5例显示肾动脉狭窄,左侧2条,右侧3条。结论MSCTA能准确地显示肾动脉狭窄的程度和部位,清晰地显示肾动脉壁及其腔内的情况,作为无创、简便、安全、价廉的检查方法,在一定程度上可替代有创伤性的选择性肾动脉造影。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断儿童肾动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的　通过彩色多普勒超声观察高血压患儿肾动脉血流频谱形态及参数 ,对肾动脉狭窄进行初步筛查。方法　对 1999～ 2 0 0 3年首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院 75例高血压患儿、5 2名正常儿童应用远端法探测肾动脉血流频谱 ,记录肾动脉血流频谱形态、血流性质、收缩期最大流速、加速时间 ,对结果分组进行比较 ;11例高血压患儿做肾动脉造影 ,与超声结果进行对比。结果　 14例 (2 0个肾脏 )超声诊断肾动脉狭窄 ,其中 9例 (14个肾脏 )做肾动脉造影 ,结果均与超声诊断相符。肾动脉狭窄组收缩期最大流速、加速时间与肾实质性高血压组、原发性高血压组及正常对照组进行t检验 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　彩色多普勒超声探测高血压患儿肾动脉血流频谱 ,对初步筛查肾动脉狭窄具有重要临床价值     

肾性高血压及高血压性心脏病的诊断

肾源性疾患为小儿继发性高血压的75％～80％［‘,’j,且常致高血压性心脏病（HHD）,国内对此报道尚为数不多。现就近10a收治的肾性高血压所致HHD18例作一回顾性分析。临床资料18例中9例肾血管性高血压（RVH）系经肾血管造影或尸检确诊,其中多发性大动脉炎6例,先天性纤维肌发育不良2例,结核性包块压迫肾动脉致狭窄1例。9例肾实质性高血压（RPH）经临床、实验室检查,部分经肾穿刺确诊,包括慢性肾小球肾炎3例,肾炎性肾病、狼疮性肾炎各2例,肾发育不良及VETER综合征各1例,其中7例已至终末肾功能衰竭期。一、一般情况;18例中…     

儿童肾性高血压的诊断和治疗

儿童时期的高血压以继发性高血压为多 ,约占所有高血压患儿的 80 % ,继发性高血压中以肾性高血压为主。肾性高血压分肾实质性高血压和肾血管性高血压两大类 ,肾实质性高血压约占所有继发性高血压的 80 % ,肾血管性高血压约占继发性高血压的 12 % ,其中以肾动脉狭窄最常见。新生儿高血压中约 93%为肾血管性疾病 ,有人认为与近年来较多地采用保留脐动脉导管引起脐动脉血栓有关[1] 。1　临床表现儿童肾性高血压在临床上有时常无明显症状 ,患儿血压增高多于体格检查或肾脏病常规检查时才被发现。当血压明显持续增高时 ,可出现头晕、头痛、恶心、…     

生物标记物粪便胆汁酸的测定在过敏性紫癜患儿诊治中的意义

目的 探讨生物标记物粪便胆汁酸浓度在过敏性紫癜(HSP)患者中的变化及其在诊治中的临床意义。方法 选取2014~2016年确诊为HSP的19例患儿为HSP组,另选取27例健康儿童为健康对照组。采集HSP组患儿急性期、恢复期及健康对照组儿童粪便标本,应用液相质谱技术检测各组儿童粪便胆汁酸水平。结果 HSP组患儿恢复期胆酸水平均高于健康对照组和HSP组急性期 (P < 0.016)。HSP组患儿恢复期鹅脱氧胆酸水平高于健康对照组 (P < 0.016)。HSP组患儿急性期和恢复期脱氧胆酸、石胆酸水平均低于健康对照组 (分别P < 0.05、P < 0.016)。各组间熊去氧胆酸水平比较差异均无统计学意义 (P > 0.05)。结论 HSP患儿急性期粪便次级胆汁酸脱氧胆酸和石胆酸低于健康对照组,这可能与HSP的发病或转归有关。     

霉酚酸酯和环磷酰胺治疗儿童大量蛋白尿型过敏性紫癜性肾炎的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨霉酚酸酯(MMF)和环磷酰胺(CTX)分别治疗具有大量蛋白尿[24?h尿蛋白定量≥50?mg/kg或晨尿蛋白/肌酐(mg/mg)≥2.0]的过敏性紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)患儿的疗效和安全性.方法 前瞻性纳入2016年8月至2019年11月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院肾脏内科住院并诊断为有大量蛋白尿的HSPN患儿...     

EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE (CA) ON GROWTH AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

Abstract. Stahnke, N., Ilicki, A. and Willig, R. P. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Hamburg, West Germany). Effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on growth and endocrine function in precocious puberty. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 32, 1979.–16 girls with precocious puberty have been studied. Following low dosage cyproterone acetate (CA) therapy (mean daily dosage 65 mg/m² BSA) a beneficial effect on growth and skeletal maturation was observed. During high dosage therapy (150 mg/m² per day) endocrinological studies were performed in 10 of these patients. There was no significant difference in HGH levels (insulin-and arginine-test), T₃ and TSH values (TRH-test) between patients and controls, T₄ concentration was significantly increased. Basal prolactin levels and prolactin response to TRH was definitely elevated. Oral glucose load and arginine infusion resulted in a significantly enhanced insulin release. There was a significant reduction in basal LH levels and an increase in FSH response to LH-RH. Basal and diurnal plasma cortisol values were markedly reduced and the cortisol release due to corticotrophin injection, (lsinevasopressin (LVP) injection and insulin-hypoglycemia as well. A definite increase in basal ACTH levels was observed, during LVP-and insulin-hypoglycemia test ACTH concentrations were within or significantly above normal range. In our patients a primary adrenocortical insufficiency due to CA treatment was evident.     

Obesogenic home food availability,diet, and BMI in Pakistani and White toddlers

Individuals of South Asian ethnicity have an increased risk for obesity and related diseases. Foods available in the home during the first 1000 days (conception to 24 months old) are an important determinant of diet, yet no study has examined the association of early‐life home food availability (HFA) with later diet and obesity risk in South Asian households. We examined whether obesogenic HFA at 18 months of age is associated with dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) at 36 months of age in low‐income Pakistani and White households in the United Kingdom. In this prospective birth cohort study (Born in Bradford 1000), follow‐up assessments occurred at 18 (n = 1032) and 36 (n = 986) months of age. Variety and quantity of snack foods and sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the home and consumed were measured using the HFA Inventory Checklist and food frequency questionnaires, respectively. BMI was calculated using measured length/height and weight. Multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between HFA and tertiles of dietary intake, and multivariable linear regression models assessed associations between HFA and BMI. Pakistani households had a greater variety and quantity of snack foods and SSBs available compared with White households. Variety and quantity of snack foods and SSBs in the home at 18 months were positively associated with children''s intake of these items at 36 months, but associations between HFA and BMI were null. Reducing obesogenic HFA during the first 1000 days may promote the development of more healthful diets, though this may not be associated with lower obesity risk during toddlerhood.     

Blurring the distinctions between on and off the job injuries: similarities and differences in circumstances.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the causes of non-fatal work and non-work injuries and the places or environments where they occur. It has been suggested that many injuries may have similar etiologies on and off the job and thus involve some common prevention strategies. However lack of comparable data on work relatedness has prevented testing this proposition. METHODS: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) now collects information on the cause, location, and work relatedness of all medically attended injuries. National US estimates of non-fatal work and non-work injuries were compared by cause and place/location for working age adults (18-64 years). RESULTS: Overall 28.6% of injuries to working age adults were work related (37.5% among employed people). The causes and locations of many work and non-work injuries were similar. Falls, overexertion, and struck/caught by were leading causes for work and non-work injuries. Motor vehicle injuries were less likely to be work related (3.4% at work v 19.5% non-work) and overexertion injuries more likely to be work related (27.1% v 13.8%). Assaults were less than 1% of work injuries and 1.8% of non-work injuries. Both work and non-work injuries occurred in every location examined-including the home where 3.5% of injuries were work related. CONCLUSIONS: Work and non-work injuries share many similarities suggesting opportunities to broaden injury prevention programs commonly restricted to one setting or the other. Comprehensive efforts to prevent both non-work and work injuries may result in considerable cost savings not only to society but also directly to employers, who incur much of the associated costs.     

Factors associated with adverse nutritional status of children in sub‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys from 31 countries

Undernutrition is linked to almost half of all deaths in under‐five children. In 2019, 144 million under‐five children suffered from stunting and 47 million suffered from wasting. This study examined the factors that influence adverse nutritional status of children in sub‐Saharan Africa. The study used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 31 countries, which involved 189,195 children under age 5. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the independent variables and adverse nutritional status of children. About 26% of the children in the 31 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa considered in this study are stunted, 6% are wasted and 21% are underweight. Close to 31% of children whose mothers have no education are stunted, 9% are wasted and 28% are underweight. Adverse nutritional status of children is significantly associated with maternal age, education, household wealth, residence, antenatal care attendance, mass media exposure, child''s sex and size of child at birth. This study has shown that adverse nutritional status of children is a major challenge in sub‐Saharan Africa. Efforts at improving nutritional status of children should include poverty alleviation initiatives at individual and household levels, increase in women''s educational level and improvement in living conditions in rural areas.     

Prenatal dietary diversity may influence underweight in infants in a Ugandan birth‐cohort

Growth faltering in early childhood is prevalent in many low resource countries. Poor maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy has been linked with increased risk of fetal growth failure and adverse birth outcomes but may also influence subsequent infant growth. Our aim is to assess the role of prenatal maternal dietary diversity in infant growth in rural Uganda. Data from 3291 women and infant pairs enrolled in a birth cohort from 2014 to 2016 were analysed ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04233944","term_id":"NCT04233944"}}NCT04233944). Maternal diets were assessed using dietary recall in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Maternal dietary diversity scores (DDS) were calculated using the FAO Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD‐W). Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations of the DDS with the incidence of underweight, stunting and wasting in infants from 3 to 12 months, adjusting for confounding factors. The median DDS for women was low, at 3.0 (interquartile range 3.0–4.0), relative to the threshold of consuming five or more food groups daily. Infants of women in highest quartile of DDS (diverse diets) were less likely to be underweight (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.61, 0.80) compared with infants of women in Quartile 1 (p for trend <0.001) in models controlling for maternal factors. There was no significant association between DDS and stunting or wasting. Our findings suggest a relationship between higher maternal dietary diversity and lower risk of underweight in infancy. These findings suggest that programmes to improve infant growth could additionally consider strengthening prenatal dietary diversity to improve child outcomes globally.