肱骨髁上骨折手法复位小夹板结合石膏外固定、中药治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨肱骨髁上骨折手法复位小夹板结合石膏外固定、中药治疗的疗效。方法选择2016年1月至2017年1月80例肱骨髁上骨折患者分组。对照组单纯给予手法复位小夹板外固定治疗,观察组给予手法复位小夹板结合石膏外固定、中药治疗。比较两组肱骨髁上骨折治疗效果、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、肘关节活动范围、携带角、骨折后遗症及并发症。结果观察组肱骨髁上骨折治疗效果优于对照组,P <0.05。结论肱骨髁上骨折手法复位小夹板结合石膏外固定、中药治疗的疗效确切,骨折愈合时间快、肘关节功能恢复好、肘内翻发生率低、无骨化性肌炎发生,无医源性损伤等,值得推广。     

手法复位后两种不同外固定对小儿肱骨髁上骨折疗效的影响

目的探讨小儿肱骨髁上骨折的手法整复后分别采用石膏固定和小夹板固定对疗效的影响。方法将80例小儿患者随机平均分为两组,夹板组40例,整复后小夹板固定,石膏组整复后石膏固定,观察两者在疗效方面的差异。结果小夹板固定组和石膏固定组两组患儿的疗效优良率分别为90%和92.5%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论两种外固定均可应用于小儿肱骨髁上骨折治疗,小夹板固定小儿肱骨髁上骨折具有简便、易换药等优点,但小夹板难以达到长期＂维持旋后位＂,石膏托一定程度上限制了前臂的旋转活动而牵涉骨折远端的移位。     

石膏和小夹板外固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折临床疗效比较

目的探讨手法整复后分别采用石膏固定和小夹板固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法将选择我院60例肱骨髁上骨折患儿,随机为两组,其中石膏固定组30例,骨折整复后石膏固定;小夹板固定组30例,骨折整复后小夹板固定。观察两组治疗后的疗效。结果石膏固定组的优良率为90．0％,夹板组为116．7％,两组的优良率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论小儿肱骨髁上骨折手法复位后可采用小夹板固定或石膏托固定,但要充分了解这两种固定方法的优缺点。     

手法复位、石膏托外固定联合中药内服治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折55例临床观察

目的 观察手法复位、石膏托外固定联合中药内服治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效.方法 选取2018年10月至2019年10月余姚市人民医院骨科收治的伸直型肱骨髁上骨折患儿105例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组50例和治疗组55例.对照组行手法复位、石膏托外固定治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗方法的基础上予桃红四物汤加减治疗,2...     

手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗伸直型儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的评价手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的效果。方法应用手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折30例,术中闭合手法复位,根据骨折移位方向不同,经皮依次穿入两枚克氏针固定。结果术后随访6～20个月,平均12个月,30例患者骨折全部愈合,其中优25例(83.33%),良5例(16.67%);无针孔感染、Volkmann挛缩、肘内翻畸形、迟发尺神经损伤和术后骨折再移位等并发症。结论手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折操作简单、疗效好、并发症少,是有效治疗儿童伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的方法。     

手法整复和小夹板固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折的临床观察

目的 探讨小儿肱骨髁上骨折的手法整复、小夹板固定的疗效.方法 将120例小儿患者随机平均分为两组,疗效组整复后小夹板固定,另60例对照组整复后石膏固定,观察两者在疗效方面的差异.结果 小夹板固定组和石膏固定组两组患儿的疗效优良率分别为85%和86%,两组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 使用中医小夹板固定小儿肱骨髁上骨折具有简便、易换药等优点.     

塑形夹板固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折116例

目的：观察手法整复、塑形夹板固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法：116例患儿均采用手法整复，然后塑形夹板外固定，并配合中药外洗及早期功能锻炼。结果：临床愈合时间为4周。解剖复位103例，功能复位13例。结论：手法整复、塑形夹板固定不失为一种治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的好方法。     

手法复位前臂旋后位超肘固定治疗伸直型肱骨髁上骨折50例

目的评价手法复位前臂旋后位超肘固定治疗伸直型肱骨髁上骨折患者的疗效。方法 50例伸直型肱骨髁上骨折患者,均采用手法复位前臂旋后位超肘固定治疗。结果全部患者均骨折愈合,优良率达94.00%。结论手法复位前臂旋后位超肘固定治疗伸直型肱骨髁上骨折患者疗效可靠。     

持续皮牵引配合夹板固定治疗肱骨髁上骨折临床分析

目的 探讨持续皮牵引配合夹板固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效.方法 98例移位型儿童肱骨髁上骨折患者在手法复位后分别施以持续皮牵引加夹板固定治疗(治疗组)50例、单纯夹板固定治疗(对照组)48例,观察2组病例患肢肿胀程度及消退情况、骨折临床愈合时间、肘关节伸屈功能、肘内翻等指标,比较临床综合疗效.结果 随访6～48个月,平均24个月,2组在骨折临床愈合时间上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组整复后3 d患肢肿胀加重程度轻,整复后7 d时消肿程度高,和对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);综合疗效优良率,治疗组为94.00%,对照组为85.42%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 持续皮牵引配合夹板外固定治疗肱骨髁上骨折消肿效果好、稳定性高、利于关节功能恢复、临床疗效佳,是一种较理想的治疗方法.     

中医手法复位用于小儿肱骨髁上骨折的临床观察

目的探讨中医手法复位治疗肱骨髁上骨折的临床治疗效果。方法选取2008年5月至2011年9月我院收治的80例小儿肱骨髁上骨折病例,将其随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组给予常规复位方法联合微创穿针夹板外固定手术治疗,研究组给予中医手法复位联合微创穿针夹板外固定治疗,对比分析两组的治疗效果。结果研究组治愈率和有效率均明显高于对照组,研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组,两组对比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用中医手法复位联合微创穿针夹板外固定治疗肱骨髁上骨折可有效缩短骨折愈合时间,尽快恢复肩关节的功能,且安全性较高,可有效预防肱骨头坏死、关节僵硬以及骨性关节炎等并发症。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.