血糖干预对妊娠期糖尿病产妇妊娠结局的影响观察

目的研究分析对妊娠期糖尿病产妇进行血糖干预对妊娠结局的影响情况。方法选择我院2011年12月至2013年12月确诊收治的120例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象,对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者血糖控制情况分为甲组(血糖控制正常)和乙组(血糖控制不良)各60例。再选择同期收治的60例来院定期检查的非糖尿病产妇作为丙组。观察三组产妇在分娩前后母婴的并发症发生情况,并作对比分析。结果乙组患者在妊娠期羊水过多、胎膜早破、酮症酸中毒、产后出血等并发症发生率情况均明显高于甲组和丙组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),甲组与丙组相比,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。乙组患者在围生儿并发症的发生率明显高于甲组和丙组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对妊娠期糖尿病的及时诊断和治疗应给予高度重视,及时控制血糖水平,有效降低妊娠并发症发生率。     

胰岛素(皮下注射)对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制效果及妊娠结局的影响分析

目的:总结分析妊娠期糖尿病患者采用皮下注射胰岛素治疗效果以及对妊娠结局的影响。方法:以我院2016年4月到2017年3月期间收治的120例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象,对照组60例常规治疗,观察组60例皮下注射胰岛素治疗,回顾分析患者血糖控制效果以及妊娠结局。结果:观察组在血糖控制效果、妊娠结局以及新生儿结局方面优于对照组上述指标(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:妊娠期糖尿病患者采用皮下注射胰岛素可较好的控制血糖,保证母体以及新生儿的良好结局,值得临床推广应用。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖水平与妊娠分娩结局的研究

目的:分析研究妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖水平与妊娠分娩结局的关系。方法:选择某院接收的产前保健及分娩孕妇进行研究,选择健康孕妇30例作为对照组,选取妊娠期糖尿病孕妇60例作为观察组,并依据血糖控制情况分为理想组(45例)和不理想组(15例),观察各组血糖水平变化及妊娠分娩结局。结果:理想组不良妊娠结局和围生儿不良结局与对照组比较均无明显差异,P0.05;而理想组不良妊娠结局和围生儿不良结局均显著低于不理想组,P0.05。结论:加强产前筛查尽快明确妊娠期糖尿病,并加强控制以获得良好的血糖范围可起到明显的功效,利于确保减少不良妊娠分娩结局的发生,保证母婴健康。     

生物合成人胰岛素联合门冬胰岛素治疗妊娠糖尿病的临床价值

目的:探讨妊娠糖尿病患者采用生物合成人胰岛素与门冬胰岛素联合治疗的效果。方法:随机将2015年1月～2018年2月入院治疗妊娠糖尿病的82例患者分为两组,甲组采用生物合成人胰岛素治疗,乙组在甲组治疗基础上联合门冬胰岛素治疗,比较两组治疗前后的血糖指标与并发症发生状况。结果:两组患者治疗前的FPG、2hPG水平比较差异不明显(P0.05),乙组治疗后的FPG、2hPG水平、并发症发生率明显低于甲组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:门冬胰岛素联合生物合成人胰岛素治疗妊娠糖尿病,能有效控制患者的血糖,且治疗安全性更高,适合在临床上应用。     

血糖控制情况与妊娠期糖尿病预后的关系

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制情况对母婴健康的影响,以减少母婴并发症。方法对我院住院分娩的50例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖控制情况及妊娠结局进行比较分析。结果血糖控制满意组中孕妇合并子痫前期、产后出血、羊水过多等并发症及新生儿早产、窒息等的发生率均低于对照组。结论妊娠期糖尿病血糖控制情况对母婴健康有严重影响。     

胰岛素治疗对妊娠期合并糖尿病患者妊娠结局的影响

目的:分析胰岛素治疗对妊娠期合并糖尿病患者妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择某院2017年5月～2018年6月收治的120例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组各60例。对照组患者给予运动、饮食治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上进行胰岛素治疗,对比产妇与新生儿结局情况。结果:观察组与对照组相比产妇早产率与刨宫产产率差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);产后出血量与新生儿结局相比观察组明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对妊娠糖尿病患者进行胰岛素治疗能够有效提升妊娠糖尿病患者妊娠结局,改善产妇与新生儿生存质量,值得临床推广与应用。     

责任制护理对妊娠合并糖尿病患者临床效果及妊娠结局的影响

目的分析责任制护理对妊娠糖尿病患者血糖控制效果及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取我院收治的合并糖尿病的孕妇80例,随机分为两组,各40例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用责任制护理。比较两组孕妇入组时、分娩时的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖;比较两组患者观察期内低血糖率、孕妇及新生儿不良妊娠结局率。结果分娩时两组孕妇空腹血糖和2h餐后血糖均较入组时下降,且观察组低于对照组低(P<0.05);观察组低血糖率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组孕妇母儿不良妊娠率均低与对照组(P<0.05)。结论责任制护理可有效提升妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖控制水平,促进孕妇病情稳定,利于其顺利分娩,降低母儿不良妊娠结局率。     

胰岛素治疗时机对妊娠期糖尿病分娩结局的影响

目的：探讨妊娠不同时期给予胰岛素治疗对妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者分娩结局的影响。方法选取该院2012年1月-2014年3月收治的 GDM 患者200例,按治疗时期分为妊娠中期组和妊娠晚期组各100例。对所有患者进行常规治疗和护理,分别在妊娠中期、晚期患者给予相应胰岛素治疗。治疗后密切随访观察,比较2组患者血糖水平及不良分娩结局发生情况。结果妊娠中期组空腹血糖、餐后2h 血糖低于妊娠晚期组,酮症酸中毒患者和妊高征患者的比例均低于妊娠晚期组,差异均有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。2组妊娠孕周、胎盘早剥率、不良围生儿率、巨大儿以及围生儿出生体质量方面差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。结论 GDM 患者应早期给予胰岛素治疗,可更有效地降低血糖,减少不良分娩结局的发生。     

胰岛素联合二甲双胍对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿的影响分析

目的:探究胰岛素联合二甲双胍对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿的影响。方法:选取本院在2017年2月至2018年2月收治的80例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇,并按照住院顺序将其分为对照组与观察组,每组各40例。给予对照组胰岛素治疗,给予观察组胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗,比较两组血糖指标、并发症及新生儿情况。结果:观察组患者各项血糖水平均低于对照组,并发症几率低于对照组,且新生儿情况优于对照组,两组比较差异显著,P0.05。结论:对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇实施胰岛素联合二甲双胍治疗,可有效控制患者血糖水平,改善妊娠结局。     

胰岛素控制妊娠期糖尿病血糖对妊娠结局的影响

目的研究胰岛素控制妊娠期糖尿病血糖对妊娠结局的影响。方法 78例娠期糖尿病患者,分为实验组(给予胰岛素)和对照组(口服降糖药),比较两组血糖控制水平、达标时间以及妊娠并发症等情况。结果两组血糖控制水平、达标时间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组妊娠并发症如妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水过多、产褥感染、产后出血发生率相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胰岛素控制妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平效果优于口服降糖药,能明显改善妊娠期糖尿病的妊娠结局。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.