血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄的疗效分析

目的研究血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法对16例症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄的患者行支架成形术治疗。16例患者均成功植入球囊扩张支架。结果术后11例患者恢复正常管径;5例患者狭窄程度明显改善,残余狭窄均小于20%。无1例发生严重并发症。在6个月的临床随访中,16例患者均无脑缺血发作及再狭窄发生。结论血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄的安全、有效方法,其长期疗效还需进一步随访研究。     

腔内支架成形术治疗椎动脉起始部狭窄

目的探讨腔内支架成形术治疗椎动脉起始部狭窄的疗效。方法对16例椎动脉起始部狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗,成功置入17枚球囊扩张支架,无1例发生严重并发症。结果术后造影狭窄程度明显改善,残余狭窄<20%。在6个月的临床随访中,16例患者均无脑缺血发作及再狭窄发生。颈动脉彩超示血流通畅,未见内膜过度增生。结论腔内支架成形术是治疗椎动脉起始部狭窄的安全、有效的方法,其长期效果还需进一步随访研究。     

药物洗脱支架治疗椎动脉起始段狭窄

目的 评价药物洗脱支架治疗椎动脉起始段狭窄的安全性及中、长期疗效.方法 回顾分析47例采用药物洗脱支架成形术治疗椎动脉起始段狭窄病例资料、术后临床和影像学随访结果.结果 47例患者椎动脉单侧狭窄41例,双侧狭窄6例;同侧椎动脉串联狭窄2例,BX支架术后再狭窄1例,并存其他部位动脉狭窄17例.先后共治疗椎动脉起始段狭窄49处.椎动脉起始段术前、术后平均狭窄程度分别为72%和9%.无手术并发症.术后临床症状消失11例,症状改善30例,症状无变化6例.所有病例术后临床随访2-48个月,平均28.3个月,2例患者再发后循环缺血性事件.28例(59%)血管造影随访3-34个月,平均12.2个月,2例发生支架内再狭窄.其中1例为症状性;4例无症状性支架断裂.结论 中长期随访结果显示药物洗脱支架治疗椎动脉起始段狭窄是安全有效的,支架内再狭窄率明显低于裸支架.     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗椎动脉开口狭窄临床观察

目的探讨经血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉开口狭窄的手术方法、疗效及安全性。方法采用球扩式支架对26例椎动脉开口狭窄患者进行经皮血管内支架成形术,总结手术经验,分析临床效果。结果 26例患者共置入28枚支架,椎动脉开口狭窄术前平均狭窄率为90.9%,术后平均残余狭窄率15.6%。围手术期无并发症,术后19例临床症状完全消失,7例明显改善,随访8～24个月,2例术后1a复出现缺血症状,复查DSA提示支架内再狭窄,再次给予支架内成形术,症状消失。结论椎动脉开口狭窄血管内支架治疗是一种安全有效的方法,能够明显缓解脑缺血症状,提高患者生存质量。     

血管内介入治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起癫痫发作的疗效观察

目的 观察血管内介入治疗对颅内外动脉狭窄引起的癫痫发作的疗效.方法 四川省人民医院神经内科2009年、2011年共收治2例颅内外动脉狭窄引起的癫痫发作患者.例1为左侧颈内动脉起始部线样狭窄,右侧颈内动脉起始部及右侧椎动脉起始部中度狭窄;例2为右侧颈内动脉起始部闭塞,左侧颈内动脉床突段重度狭窄,双侧椎动脉起始部重度狭窄支架术后再狭窄.2例患者均接受了血管内支架成形术及球囊扩张术治疗.术后随访1～3年.结果 术后2例患者临床症状消失.例1随访近3年,例2随访1年多,均规律服用抗血小板聚集药,均无临床症状复发.结论 血管内介入治疗是治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起的癫痫发作的安全、有效的方法.     

支架置入术治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起跌倒发作的疗效观察（附2例报告）

目的 观察应用血管内支架成形术治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起的跌倒发作的疗效.方法 对2例颅内外动脉狭窄引起的跌倒发作患者(例1为基底动脉的中部、起始部,左椎动脉起始部及左锁骨下动脉重度狭窄;例2为双侧颈内动脉起始部重度狭窄)予以血管内支架成形术治疗,共释放6枚支架,例2应用保护伞.术后随访9个月～2年.结果 术后2例患者临床症状消失.例1随访9个月,术后6个月起因不规律服药,3个月后死于脑干梗死;例2术后1年复查DSA,无发生再狭窄,随访2年无临床症状复发.结论 血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起的跌倒发作安全、有效的方法.     

支架成形术治疗椎动脉狭窄

目的评价椎动脉狭窄支架成形术的疗效。方法采用球囊扩张支架对椎动脉狭窄段进行支架成形术,使椎动脉狭窄段恢复正常管径。结果23例病人共放置27枚支架,椎动脉狭窄率术前平均为73．2%,术后为25．7%,造影示狭窄段全部成形良好,无并发症发生。随访3～18月,患者临床症状消失18例,症状明显改善4例,症状复发1例。结论支架成形术治疗椎动脉狭窄是一种安全有效的方法。     

椎动脉狭窄颈部CTA与DSA诊断差异及支架治疗疗效观察

目的 探讨颈部CTA检查在椎动脉狭窄诊断中的重要作用以及应用血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的可行性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析自2007年5月至2011年4月在广州市第一人民医院神经内科住院的椎动脉系统脑梗死患者,所有患者均完善颈部CTA及颅脑MRA检查,若筛选发现可能存在椎动脉狭窄,则行DSA检查.经DSA确诊为椎动脉狭窄的患者在个体评估并知情同意后行椎动脉支架成形术.结果 颈部CTA检查发现38例椎动脉狭窄后循环脑梗死患者,均经DSA证实并予椎动脉支架成形术治疗.29例患者颈部CTA发现有＞50％椎动脉狭窄共38处,其中V4段狭窄8处,V1段狭窄30处;DSA证实仅4处V4段狭窄和28处V1段狭窄超过50％.另有9例颈部CTA示椎动脉V1段显示不清,而DSA明确其狭窄＞50％.38例患者共置入椎动脉支架41枚,支架成形术成功率100％,术后平均狭窄率(11.6％±8.9％)较术前(65.0％±11.2％)明显降低.术后随访6～25个月,1例发生脑干腔隙性梗死,1例脑干梗死呈闭锁状态,1例椎动脉V4段狭窄患者发生蛛网膜下腔出血.结论 颈部CTA检查对椎动脉狭窄的诊断能提供较大帮助.血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄安全、有效的方法.     

比较经桡动脉或经股动脉途径行支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄的初步研究

目的 探讨与经股动脉途径（TFA）相比,经桡动脉途径（TRA）行血管内支架成形术（PTAS）治疗椎动脉起始部狭窄的效果及安全性.方法 25例椎动脉起始部狭窄患者经桡动脉途径（TRA组10例）和经股动脉途径（TFA组15例）行PTAS,比较两组治疗时间、效果及随访结果.结果 TRA组术中时间、术后卧床时间小于TFA组;随访均无脑血管事件发生.结论 经TRA行PTAS治疗椎动脉狭窄性脑血管病技术成功率100％,能减少卧床时间和穿刺部位相关并发症.     

药物洗脱支架治疗在症状性椎动脉狭窄中的应用

目的 探讨药物洗脱支架辅助血管成形术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的手术安全性和短、中期疗效.方法 回顾性分析26例症状性椎动脉狭窄病人的临床资料,术前椎动脉平均狭窄率为62.4％±3.5％,均行药物洗脱支架辅助血管成形术,并对病人进行短期和中期随访.结果 术后即刻造影结果:血管狭窄部位恢复正常管径及形态15例,狭窄程度减少90％以上7例,减少70％4例.围手术期急性支架内栓塞2例.所有病人平均随访(22±2)个月,发生轻度支架内再狭窄2例.临床症状明显改善24例,无明显改善2例.短期随访血管狭窄率为0～50％,平均10.1％±2.0％;中期随访血管狭窄率为0～60％,平均12.2％±2.3％;其平均狭窄率与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Malek评分为1分24例,4分2例.随访期间死亡3例.结论 药物洗脱支架辅助血管成形术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄是安全、有效的.     

症状性椎动脉开口处狭窄支架成形术后再狭窄的影响因素分析

目的探讨症状性椎动脉开口处狭窄支架成形术后再狭窄的影响因素。方法收集2010年1月~2015年5月在南京医科大学附属淮安医院住院治疗症状性椎动脉开口处支架成形术的患者的所有临床资料。采用DSA或CTA评估患者术后半年时再狭窄情况,分析再狭窄发生的危险因素。结果 44例资料完整的患者被纳入分析,其中共有11例(25%)患者发生支架术后再狭窄,但发生症状性再狭窄需要再次治疗仅1例。再狭窄组与无再狭窄组性别、年龄、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、狭窄侧别(左侧、右侧)、术前狭窄率、残余狭窄率和狭窄部位长度、随访时间、支架品牌等比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。再狭窄组吸烟的比例(54.5%)明显高于无再狭窄组(18.2%)(P=0.045);再狭窄组狭窄处远端正常椎动脉直径[(3.1±0.4)mm]明显小于无再狭窄组[(3.8±0.5)mm](P0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟和椎动脉直径是支架成形术后再狭窄的独立影响因素(均P0.05)。结论症状性椎动脉开口处狭窄支架成形术后再狭窄与吸烟和椎动脉直径密切相关。     

症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的血管内治疗(附95例报告)

目的 总结椎基底动脉系统症状性血管狭窄的血管内治疗的策略、方法 、术中风险及术后疗效.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年7月治疗的95例采用支架置入治疗的症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者的临床资料.结果 采用支架置入治疗的患者中,椎动脉起始部狭窄者21例,椎动脉颈段狭窄者3例,椎动脉颅内段狭窄者16例,椎基底动脉交界处狭窄者15例,基底动脉段狭窄者36例,大脑后动脉P2段狭窄者4例.所有狭窄均>50%.手术的技术成功率为97%(92/95).术后平均狭窄率从76.1%(50%～95%)下降到9.2%(0～20%).所有患者均在术后6个月-2年内随访,其中88例患者效果良好.结论 脑血管狭窄处支架置入术是目前治疗该类疾病的有效方法 ,其长期疗效还有待进一步观察.     

Vertebral artery origin angioplasty and primary stenting: safety and restenosis rates in a prospective series

OBJECTIVES: To report a single centre ongoing experience of endovascular treatment for atherosclerotic vertebral artery origin stenosis in a series of symptomatic patients, with follow up imaging to determine the incidence of restenosis. METHODS: 14 patients with vertebral artery origin stenosis on catheter angiography were treated. Angioplasty without stenting was undertaken in the first four patients, all of whom had follow up catheter angiography at one year. Subsequently, patients were treated by primary stenting and followed up with colour Doppler ultrasound examination. RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful in all treated arteries, with no immediate complications. The degree of stenosis was reduced from (mean (SD)) 73 (18)% before treatment to 21 (26)% immediately after treatment in the angioplasty alone group (p = 0.059). In the primary stenting patients, the severity of stenosis was reduced from 82 (8)% to 13 (13)% immediately after treatment (p < 0.001). Restenosis to 70% or greater occurred at one year in all four patients initially treated by angioplasty without stenting. One patient subsequently developed further symptoms and was retreated by stenting. One of the 10 patients treated by primary stenting developed restenosis. None of the remaining patients had further posterior circulation ischaemic symptoms during a mean follow up period of 33.6 months (range 1 to 72 months). CONCLUSIONS: Restenosis occurs often after vertebral artery origin balloon angioplasty without stenting but is uncommon after stenting. Primary stenting is therefore recommended to maintain patency at this site, and had a low complication rate in this series.     

改良的预扩张技术置入Wingspan支架治疗大脑中动脉狭窄

目的探讨改良的预扩张技术置入Wingspan支架治疗大脑中动脉狭窄的可行性、有效性及安全性。方法 2007年4月至2010年7月Wingspan支架置入治疗经药治疗无效的大脑中动脉狭窄(>50%)患者48例(其中1例双侧大脑中动脉狭窄)。根据不同预扩张技术,将其分成两组:A组(标准预扩张技术)和B组(改良的预扩张技术)。比较两组治疗效果、术后并发症、复发卒中和再狭窄发生率,并对其风险因子进行多元回归分析。结果本组成功率98%(48/49),最初终止事件包括1例小卒中和2例短暂脑缺血发作。A组狭窄度由(77.11±10.09)%降至(27.50±6.91)%,B组由(72.56±10.46)%降至(8.20±5.41)%。43例患者术后随访5～26个月,平均(12.92±5.08);A组和B组再狭窄率分别是44.4%(8/18)和12.0%(3/25),两组差异显著(P<0.05)。多元回归分析示再狭窄与残留狭窄和糖尿病有关。结论 Wingspan支架治疗大脑中动脉狭窄成功率较高和手术并发症发生率较低,改良预扩张技术可降低残留狭窄程度和再狭窄率。     

Angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic and asymptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: to treat or not to treat

Background and purpose: Comprehensive indications for treatment of symptomatic vertebral stenosis remain unavailable. Even less is known about endovascular treatment of asymptomatic cases. We treated symptomatic and asymptomatic vertebral ostium stenosis with angioplasty and stenting and investigated the long term outcome. Methods: Consecutive patients with two different indications were included. Group 1 (G1) had symptomatic >50% stenosis. Group 2 (G2) had asymptomatic >50% stenosis and severe lesions of anterior circulation and were expected to benefit from additional cerebral blood supply. Results: Twenty nine vertebral origin stenoses in 28 patients (75% men, mean age 64 ± 9 years) were treated. There were 16 G1 and 13 G2 cases. Technical success rate was 100%. Immediate neurological complications rate was 3.4% (one G1 patient with vertebral TIA due to release of emboli). Two further strokes were seen during follow up (32 ± 24 months): vertebrobasilar stroke in a G2 patient with permeable stent in V1 segment, new ipsilateral V3 occlusion and high‐risk cardioembolic source, and carotid stroke in a G1 patient who had had ipsilateral carotid stenting. There were no deaths of any cause. Asymptomatic restenosis was observed in one out of 19 patients from both groups who underwent a follow up angiography. Conclusions: Angioplasty and stenting appears to be technically feasible and safe in asymptomatic and symptomatic vertebral stenosis. More studies are needed in order to clarify its role in primary and secondary prevention of vertebrobasilar stroke. High risk anterior circulation lesions should be taken into account as a possible indication in patients with asymptomatic vertebral stenosis.     

Endoluminal dilatations and stenosis of symptomatic vertebral arteries

Surgical treatment of symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of vertebral arteries has been proposed for many years but this technique remains quite confidential due to technical difficulties and relatively high risks. Transluminal angioplasty has been proposed and we developed a simplified technique using coronary stent placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of transluminal angiography with primary stenting for proximal stenosis for vertebral arteries. Eleven patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of vertebral arteries were treated by trans luminal angioplasty with primary stent placement. Two patients, one with stenosis of the proximal vertebral artery and one with distal stenosis of the vertebral artery where only treated by transluminal angioplasty. In all cases transluminal angioplasty and stenting were feasible with restitution ad integrum of the diameter of the artery in 98 cases and with residual moderate stenose (<20%) in 5 cases. All patients were followed for more than one year, only one patient had recurrence of symptoms, but he stopped spontaneously the anti platteless drugs. Vertebro basilar symptoms disappeared completely in 12/13 cases and were improved in 1/13 cases. No restenose of the artery was observed on control (echodoppler) excepted in one case, where a tight stenose of pre vertebral sub clavian artery developed. Transluminal angioplasty for symptomatic stenosis of vertebral artery appears as a very successful technique with a low complication rate. It should be proposed in many cases of vertebrobasilar insufficiency related with tight vertebral artery stenosis.     

支架置人术治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄／闭塞合并相邻椎动脉起始部狭窄病变——回顾性病例系列分析和随访

目的探讨血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄／闭塞合并相邻椎动脉起始部狭窄病变患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析接受血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄／闭塞合并相邻椎动脉起始部狭窄病变患者的临床资料,包括人口统计学特征、血管危险因素以及支架治疗和随访。结果共纳入28例锁骨下动脉狭窄／闭塞合并相邻椎动脉起始部狭窄病变患者,其中男19例,女9例,平均年龄（65±9）岁。总的技术成功率为92．9％,其中锁骨下动脉狭窄合并相邻椎动脉起始部狭窄23例（82．1％）,锁骨下动脉闭塞合并相邻椎动脉起始部狭窄5例（17．9％）,有2例发生并发症,无介入相关的严重脑卒中和死亡。平均随访（24±18）个月,发生再狭窄3例和临床相关事件5例。术后12、24个月和随访结束时首次血管通畅率分别为92．4％、82．5％和78．8％,无临床相关事件存活率分别为92．5％、78．6％和70．5％。结论血管内支架可安全和有效地治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄／闭塞合并相邻椎动脉起始部狭窄的患者。     

症状性头颈部慢性动脉闭塞血管内治疗疗效分析

目的 探讨症状性头颈部慢性动脉闭塞血管内治疗的可行性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2013年3月至2015年12月血管内治疗的24例头颈部慢性动脉闭塞的临床资料,其中椎动脉颅内段慢性闭塞3例、颈总动脉慢性闭塞3例、锁骨下动脉慢性闭塞5例、颈内动脉慢性闭塞13例。结果 24例中,22例目标血管成功开通,开通率为91.7%（22/24）,术后头晕、乏力等症状得到改善;2例颈内动脉慢性闭塞未开通,后期行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥手术,术后头部CTA、DSA造影均显示灌注良好。1例左侧颈总动脉慢性闭塞血管内治疗中出现血栓脱落,造成同侧颈内动脉急性闭塞,术中通过急诊行SolitaireTM FR取栓治疗,术后患者病情平稳。术后随访5~14个月,NIHSS评分、mRS评分均为较术前有所改善,均无缺血性卒中事件再发生。结论 症状性头颈部慢性动脉闭塞血管内治疗具有可行性,近期疗效良好,长期疗效有待于进一步观察。