医学影像DICOM格式测试方法探讨

目的探讨对影像文件进行DICOM标准验证的方法。方法介绍DICOM标准中对DICOM文件格式的定义及国际通用的验证DICOM标准遵从性的工具,并针对DICOM文件格式的验证,提出具体的测试方法,给出测试实例。结果使用ADVT的validation方法对1幅CT图像进行验证,在log中看到有3处错误。结论使用国际通用的验证软件,选择适当命令,能够方便明确地验证1个文件的格式是否符合DICOM标准。     

基于DICOM结构化报告模型和可扩展标记语言的放疗计划电子病历

背景：如何建立DICOM标准与医院信息系统间的互联和共享成为新的研究方向。目的：通过对DICOM结构化报告标准的研究,结合可扩展标记语言结构的特点,设计出适合放射治疗计划的电子病历。方法：根据DICOM结构化报告标准,设计放射治疗计划电子病历的专业模板,使用可扩展标记语言模式对DICOM数据格式进行重定义,以面向对象的方法生成符合结构化报告标准的可扩展标记语言文件,然后进行可扩展样式表语言的转换或者生成符合DICOM结构化报告标准的DICOM文件。结果与结论：针对放射治疗计划对象的特点,设计了放疗计划结构化报告模板,包含36个模板标识符。在VisualC＋＋2008平台编写的软件上可以生成3种格式的电子病历文件,可以很好的与医院信息系统互连,最终实现以电子化的方式管理放疗计划信息,减少人工误差,实现真正的无纸化。     

基于ITK、VTK和MFC的DICOM图像读写及显示

背景:DICOM文件不仅包含了图像本身的信息,同时在文件头中还携带了大量的医疗相关信息,这使得DICOM标准图像的正确读写和显示工作变得尤为重要.目的:有效地综合利用工具包和开发平台的优点,借以达到一个实现DICOM标准图像的正确读写和显示.方法:首先将ITK工具包、VTK工具包与MFC深度集成,然后在该集成环境下利用这两个工具包所提供的类和函数读写和显示DICOM文件.结果与结论:在ITK、VTK与MFC深度集成环境下,通过其所提供给用户的一个灵活、友好、实用的交互界面,采用文中所述具体的方法实现了DICOM图像文件的正确读写及显示,为三者集成环境下的软件开发做了一个初步的尝试,为在此基础之上三者在医学图像处理方面更多功能的实现打下良好的基础.     

基于ITK、VTK和MFC的DICOM图像读写及显示

背景：DICOM文件不仅包含了图像本身的信息,同时在文件头中还携带了大量的医疗相关信息,这使得DICOM标准图像的正确读写和显示工作变得尤为重要。目的：有效地综合利用工具包和开发平台的优点,借以达到一个实现DICOM标准图像的正确读写和显示。方法：首先将ITK工具包、VTK工具包与MFC深度集成,然后在该集成环境下利用这两个工具包所提供的类和函数读写和显示DICOM文件。结果与结论：在ITK、VTK与MFC深度集成环境下,通过其所提供给用户的一个灵活、友好、实用的交互界面,采用文中所述具体的方法实现了DICOM图像文件的正确读写及显示,为三者集成环境下的软件开发做了一个初步的尝试,为在此基础之上三者在医学图像处理方面更多功能的实现打下良好的基础。     

传统医学影像工作站的DICOM标准化开发

目前国内外市场上的医学影像存档与通信系统（Picture Archiving ＆Communication System，pAcs）绝大多数都是以数字影像和通信标准（Digital Imagingand Communicationsin Medicine，DICOM）3．0为基础构建的。对传统医学影像工作站进行DICOM标准化改造，使其融入医院已有的PACS系统，实现医院的信息化集成化的诊断管理，是非常有意义的。实验主要使用VC＋＋6．0开发工具，基于面向对象的设计方法，从DICOM数字成像和DICOM通信接口两方面入手解决这一问题。通过将DICOM文件中的图像信息数据提取出来，使得在基于WINDOWS的工作站平台上以位图形式显示成为可能，同时完成了包括灰度变换，中值滤波等后续的图像处理。通信接口方面，基于TCPBP协议，使用套接字进行程序设计。实验较好地用DICOM标准改造了传统医学图像工作站，并具有图像处理和网络传输能力，满足设计要求。     

应用弥散张量成像实现神经纤维追踪的方法

背景:目前的神经纤维追踪方法众说纷纭,不同的追踪方法往往对数据的要求比较严格,格式比较单一,并且在特定的条件下,才能进行纤维追踪,但都没有统一可执行标准.因此需要研究一种简便通用的神经纤维追踪处理方法.目的:提出一种简便通用,并且可以在不同的数据采集方法情况下,转变为固定的数据采集格式的弥散张量神经纤维追踪方法.方法;首先采用MRIcro软件在原始DTI图像上,找出梯度因子b值,组成梯度方向文件并把DICOM原始文件软件转换成Analyze格式文件,然后利用SPM软件对格式文件标准化,最后采用DTI-track软件进行神经纤维追踪处理.结果与结论:通过对DTI图像进行处理,证明该方法能有效的得出扩散梯度因子b值文件,并且能把不同的DTI数据转变为统一的格式进行DTI处理,得到预期的DTI纤维追踪图像,为DTI研究提供了一个简便有效的具体实现方法.     

基于DICOM标准的打印工作站的设计与实现

本文主要讨论基于DICOM标准的打印工作站的设计与实现，根据DICOM标准中打印管理服务类的定义，实现DICOM打印工作流程，统一管理医院扫描设备，实现医院信息系统中信息输出的模块化与标准化。     

器官仿真模型在临床实践中的作用及质量控制

器官仿真模型是通过CT或MR扫描得到的DICOM信息,用相关软件改写成STL文件,再输入快速成型设备内,即可加工成仿真度较高的器官模型。仿真模型的临床作用包括:指导临床医师;植入体的前期加工;模型在手术进行中的定位作用;模型在解剖教学中的作用;组织工程细胞载体支架的制造。仿真模型制作过程中需对综合技术进行质量控制,其中综合技术包括数字信息采集、处理、文件格式的转换、输入、模型的加工及后处理。快速成型设备制作的模型能有效降低事故率。     

PACS在放射科管理中的应用初探

目的：初步探讨PACS（picture archiving and communication system），医学影像存档与传输系统）在放射科质量管理中的价值。材料与方法：根据我院放射科设备情况及临床需求，建立一个基于DICOM3．0标准上的PACS系统，该系统由20个诊断工作站和30个图像浏览工作站组成。将非标准DICOM接口，及标准DICOM接口设备纳入DICOM服务器组成网，在该PACS网络中开展诊疗工作。结果：该PACS系统实现了放射科医学图像的获取、传输、存储、处理、输出、分析和诊断报告自动生成等功能，实现了放射科无胶片化管理。结论：PACS系统具有实用、经济、安全等特点，提高了工作效率和管理水平。在放射科管理方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

表格式护理记录单的设计及应用

[目的]探讨表格式护理记录单的设计及应用,以提高护理工作效率.[方法]成立护理文件书写质量控制小组,运用"PDCA"循环管理模式对我院护理记录单不断修改、完善,自行设计表格式护理记录单并应用于临床.[结果]改进后的表格式护理记录单方式灵活,客观资料以打对勾(√)或数字选项来标记,记录格式信息容量大,所记录的信息全面、集中,缩短了护理记录时间,便于医护人员在短时间阅读到大量信息.[结论]表格式护理记录单的应用有利于规范护理执业行为以及提高工作效率和护理质量.     

Windows平台下多层DICOM图像读取、显示和压缩的改进方法

目的实现WINDOWS环境下读取与显示多层DICOM格式图像,为医学图像三维配准与重建等后处理提供数据。为节省图像存储成本和传输成本,提出了对DICOM数据进行压缩的改进方法。方法设计简化的图像类,读入多层DICOM图像至动态数组,用线性加速算法和非线性算法实现窗值动态自动调节,并转换成BMP位图实现在WINDOWS环境下不同层图像间的切换显示;采用JPEG压缩算法实现对DICOM图像的压缩。结果选取CT、MR、PET等不同模态的DICOM图像进行实验,均可正确读取,显示和压缩。结论通过解析DICOM图像文件存储格式,实现了多层DICOM图像文件的不同层间的切换显示和批量压缩。     

Hybrid image visualization tool for 3D integration of CT coronary anatomy and quantitative myocardial perfusion PET

Purpose

Multimodal cardiac imaging by CTA and quantitative PET enables acquisition of patient-specific coronary anatomy and absolute myocardial perfusion at rest and during stress. In the clinical setting, integration of this information is performed visually or using coronary arteries distribution models. We developed a new tool for CTA and quantitative PET integrated 3D visualization, exploiting XML and DICOM clinical standards.

Methods

The hybrid image tool (HIT) developed in the present study included four main modules: (1) volumetric registration for spatial matching of CTA and PET data sets, (2) an interface to PET quantitative analysis software, (3) a derived DICOM generator able to build DICOM data set from quantitative polar maps, and (4) a 3D visualization tool of integrated anatomical and quantitative flow information. The four modules incorporated in the HIT tool communicate by defined standard XML files: XML-transformation and XML MIST standards.

Results

The HIT tool implements a 3D representation of CTA showing real coronary anatomy fused to PET-derived quantitative myocardial blood flow distribution. The technique was validated on 16 data sets from EVINCI study population. The validation of the method confirmed the high matching between “original” and derived data sets as well as the accuracy of the registration procedure.

Conclusions

Three-dimensional integration of patient- specific coronary artery anatomy provided by CTA and quantitative myocardial blood flow obtained from PET imaging can improve cardiac disease assessment. The HIT tool introduced in this paper may represent a significant advancement in the clinical use of this multimodal approach.     

A comprehensive method for calculating total body irradiation

PurposeTo provide means for calculating the dose received by various tissues of the patient, calculate lung shield, and verify received dose using a phantom as a tool for quality assurance for a planned Total Body Irradiation (TBI) procedure in radiotherapy.MethodUsing Microsoft Visual Basic, MATLAB, and Python, a program for Total Body Irradiation Calculation in Radiotherapy (TBICR) is constructed. It uses patient translation and beam zone method for total body irradiation calculations to compute the proper dose received by the patient and determine the lung shield thickness. There are three main user-friendly interfaces in the application. The first one allows the user to upload the TBI topography and estimate the distances needed for TBI calculations. The second one enables the user to count the number of beam zones needed for each point and estimate the effective area (A_eff) for each level. The third interface estimates the velocity required to deliver the relative dose depending on patient separation, Monitor Units (MU), couch speed and travel distance. It allows the user to compute the required lung shield thickness, read any patient's CT DICOM file and acquire dose in any distinct location using machine learning model to predict the dose.ResultsThe TBICR software has been successfully validated by reproducing all of the manual calculations in an exact and timely manner. TBICR generated more accurate results and confirmed the absorbed dose to patient through measurements on Anderson phantom.ConclusionsA computer program for the calculation of total body irradiation (TBI) is described in full. The dose received at each point on the patient, the calculation of lung shield and the determination of the velocity and time required for the couch movement are all made possible using the software. The ease of use, precision, data storage and printing are some important features of the present software.     

AneuSearch: a software prototype for intracranial aneurysm searching and clinical decision support

Purpose

Clinical decisions for treating intracranial aneurysms (IA) require integrating information in various forms and from multiple sources. We aim to establish a framework namely AneuSearch to integrate relevant information in IA management and also allow for efficient IA searching based on carefully designed criteria.

Methods

The backbone of AneuSearch is an open-source three-tier DICOM image management system called DCM4Chee, which is a Java implementation for PACS. A supplementary database (AneuSearchDB) was developed to contain morphological features, hemodynamic and histological data. The relational tables in AneuSearchDB correspond to the most fundamental questions raised by neurosurgeons during IA treatment. The system was developed through collaborations between bioengineers and neurosurgeons.

Results

The prototype software has been deployed to computers in a Mianyang Central Hospital in China. Currently, the system contains the data of 105 IA patients, seven hemodynamic simulation results and nine histological section images. This system was queried as per given criteria and can also provide blood flow data after running an external computational fluid dynamics software.

Conclusions

The prototype software provides a novel tool to IA management. Future works include incorporating IA treatment criteria in IA rupture risk assessment.     

The implementation of a nursing student clinical assessment tool onto an online platform: An evaluation by clinical facilitators and academic staff

BackgroundFormative and summative assessment plays an integral role in the learning process for undergraduate nursing students on clinical placement.AimEvaluate the integration and implementation of the Australian Nursing standards assessment tool to the online SONIA database.MethodsThe study was designed to evaluate the experiences of clinical facilitators and academic staff using the online platform, which included an online survey and focus group sessions.FindingsWhilst there are benefits gained from using the online system, results highlighted limitations in using technological devices on clinical placement and a lack of education in using the online platform.DiscussionImplementation of a student clinical assessment tool onto an online platform was introduced to counteract the inherent challenges of managing hard-copy assessment data and meet sustainable teaching practices. Participants noted an ease of accessibility to assessment, although issues identified were access to internet in healthcare organisations and lack of education prior to the implementation of the online tool would have supported their experience.ConclusionIntegration of the Australian Nursing Standards Assessment Tool (ANSAT) onto the planet software database brought significant improvements to the access and management of clinical placement assessment information.     

基于医疗信息整合的超声科工作运行平台的构建与应用

目的实现超声影像信息系统(UIS)、医院信息系统(HIS)、PACS之间的信息传递与交互,构建客户端—中间服务层—服务端的3层架构的超声医学科工作运行平台。方法参照医疗信息整合(IHE)工作流模式设计工作流程,采用XML技术实现信息交互和共享,遵循DICOM 3.0标准完成影像信息的采集、传输、存储,遵循HL7标准完成模型之间的通讯。结果该平台可实现检查预约、排队叫号、结构化报告书写及发布等功能,并与Full PACS、EMR进行信息交互,缩短检查预约、排队等候和发送报告的时间,进一步优化和规范了超声科工作流程。结论该平台具有较高的推广应用价值。     

三维二值掩模零化法结合体素绘制法切割及渲染CT与MRI体积数据

目的 观察三维二值掩模零化法联合体素绘制法对于切割及渲染CT与MRI体积数据的作用。方法 利用Matlab软件将DICOM形式头颈部CT、腹部平扫CT、正常头部MR T1WI及脑胶质瘤T1WI转化为体积数据，以半自动或手动方法获得相应掩模图像；基于原始掩模以零化法在x、y、z轴方向对体积数据进行正向与反向切割，结合三维体素绘制法对切割后的模型进行渲染。结果 所获目标结构原始掩模可在体素绘制后突出显示CT及MRI数据中的相应解剖结构。基于体素绘制法实现了以三维二值掩模零化法与原体数据点积后切割模型，结合手动输入不同阈值进行切割可显示脑胶质瘤及其毗邻结构。结论 三维二值掩模零化法联合体素绘制法可结合不同层面CT与MRI体积数据显示其内部结构。