基于蛋白芯片对不同方法预处理疫苗的抗原性评价

目的分别对4种疫苗（A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗、吸附白喉破伤风联合疫苗、麻疹减毒活疫苗、炭疽芽孢杆菌疫苗株裂解液）进行不同的预处理,使其能作为抗原检测所诱导的抗体。方法分别用饱和碳酸钠溶液、重铬酸钾与稀盐酸混合液、80%乙醇处理A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗,用饱和碳酸钠溶液、重铬酸钾与稀盐酸混合液处理吸附白破联合疫苗和麻疹减毒活疫苗,PAGE纯化炭疽杆菌疫苗株裂解液中的抗原,以蛋白芯片比较其抗原性。结果比较了不同方法预处理4种疫苗的效果,初步验证了所处理的疫苗具有良好的抗原性。结论运用恰当的处理方法对疫苗进行预处理,可使其在检测相应抗体时表现出良好的抗原性,为以疫苗作为抗原检测相应抗体打下了基础。     

优化积雪草苷非离子表面活性剂囊泡的处方和工艺

 目的 筛选积雪草苷非离子表面活性剂囊泡的最优处方和最佳制备工艺。方法 采用薄膜蒸发法制备积雪草苷囊泡,以包封率和载药量为指标对非离子型表面活性剂的种类和用量、投药量、胆固醇用量、孵化时间、孵化温度等处方因素和工艺条件进行单因素考察,正交设计筛选处方、优化制备工艺,并对积雪草苷囊泡的最优处方和工艺进行验证。结果 因素考察试验中,对积雪草苷囊泡包封率和载药量影响的顺序依次为:投药量>孵化温度>孵化时间。优化处方及工艺为:积雪草苷36 mg,孵化温度30 ℃,孵化时间30 min,其包封率和载药量分别为89.56%和25.26%,镜下观察成典型囊形。结论 采用薄膜蒸发法所制备的积雪草苷囊泡呈圆形,分散性好,囊泡的包封率和载药量均较高。     

维生素Eβ-环糊精包合物的制备及稳定性研究

目的采用正交试验法，研究β-CYD对VE的包合作用和稳定性。方法通过分光光度法测定包合物中VE含量，考察了VE利用率、包合率、包合物收率三个指标。结果筛选出最佳制备工艺为A282C2，经TLC、粉末X-射线衍射验证包合物确已形成。结论VE被CYD包合后稳定性明显提高。     

PEG表面修饰黄芩苷脂质体制备工艺研究

目的：通过优化手段筛选最佳处方及工艺，并制备PEG表面修饰黄芩苷脂质体。方法：在建立黄芩苷含量测定方法基础上，通过HPLC法、显微镜法、激光散射法等定性及定量方法考察脂质体的包封率、微粒外观、粒径及其分布等指标，首先单因素对脂质体制备方法、表面活性剂种类、类脂组成比，以及药物使用量进行筛选，确定影响制备脂质体的主要因素，然后采用正交试验法优化黄芩苷脂质体的处方组成及制备工艺。结果：优化后的脂质体其包封率在95．0％以上，50．0％体积径D(0．5)为2．358／μm，体积粒径范围在1．173-12．022μm，占总数98．52％，粒径跨度为0．887。电镜照片显示，脂质体外观圆整而均匀。结论：优化方法科学、可靠，脂质体制备工艺合理。     

奥拉帕尼纳米结构脂质载体处方优化及性质考察

目的 优化奥拉帕尼纳米结构脂质载体(olaparib?NLC,ola?NLC)的处方工艺并对其性质进行表征.方法 采用乳化?超声法制备ola?NLC,以粒径、载药量及包封率为评价指标,通过单因素筛选结合Box?Behnken响应面法优化工艺,考察奥拉帕尼含量、载体材料固态脂质与液态脂质质量之比及水相与有机相体积之比对制备的影响,得到最优工艺参数,并对最优处方ola?NLC的形态、体外释放以及稳定性进行考察.结果 所得处方为:奥拉帕尼含量为1.15 mg,固态脂质和液态脂质质量之比为3.93:1,水相和有机相体积比为3.03:1.ola?NLC形态为均一、圆整的实心球体,体外稳定性良好且ola?NLC在pH 7.4 PBS溶出介质中药物缓慢释放,72 h药物释放量达70％.结论 所优选ola?NLC制备工艺合理可行,具有良好的理化性质与稳定性,可为后期体内外研究提供实验基础.     

链霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒的制备工艺研究

目的 对链霉素毫微粒的制备工艺进行研究,优选最佳制备工艺。方法 以可生物降解的氰基丙烯酸正丁酯为聚合材料,采用乳化聚合法制备SM—PBCA—NP;以载药量、包封率、粒径分布为评价指标,通过单因素试验初选、均匀设计法精选,优化制备工艺。结果 按优化工艺条件,制得载药毫微粒：平均粒径76nm,分布范围30-120nm,载药量62％,包封率87％。结论 经过优化筛选出的工艺,为链霉素聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯毫微粒的最佳制备工艺。     

阑尾炎术后接种A群流脑疫苗发生不良反应1例

病例男，19岁，阑尾炎术后痊愈出院7d。接种A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（北京天坛生物制品有限公司生产，批号2006040104，失效期20080402），在右上臂外侧三角肌处皮下注射0．5ml（30μg）。接种20min后，出现头昏，伴恶心、呕吐、寒战、呼吸急促、胸闷、面色苍白、出虚汗；查体：神志清楚，脉搏98次／min，呼吸32次／min，血压90／20mmHg，     

桑黄多糖片剂的成型工艺研究

目的：选择适当辅料制备桑黄（裂蹄木层孔菌）多糖片剂,考察桑黄总多糖溶出度。方法：正交设计法优选处方,以PPVP为崩解剂、CaHPO4为填充剂、1%的PVP乙醇溶液为黏合剂、硬脂酸镁和微粉硅胶为润滑剂制备桑黄多糖片剂;采用紫外分光光度法以桑黄总多糖含量为测定指标,考察其溶出度。结果与结论：按最佳工艺制备的桑黄多糖片剂,溶出度良好,符合药典要求。     

不同方法制备可吸入乳糖颗粒的评价

目的筛选确定可吸入乳糖颗粒的制备方法和工艺。方法采用筛分法、研磨法、重结晶法、冷冻干燥法、喷雾干燥法制备乳糖颗粒,以所制得颗粒的粒径大小和形态以及含水量为主要评价指标,考察处方和工艺因素对颗粒特性的影响,筛选出可吸入颗粒的制备方法和工艺。结果采用优化的喷雾干燥法可获得平均粒径5.0μm以下的球形颗粒,适合于吸入给药;其他方法所获得颗粒平均粒径大、形状不规则,用于吸入给药需要进一步处理。结论喷雾干燥法的优化工艺可用于制备理想的可吸入颗粒。     

氯沙坦钾片的制备

目的优化处方及考察制备、包衣工艺,确定适合工业生产的最佳处方。方法单因素法分别考察填充剂、崩解剂、黏合剂及包衣对氯沙坦钾片均匀分散时间的影响,在此基础上采用正交试验设计对其处方进行进一步优化,并对制备工艺进行试验筛选。结果氯沙坦钾片的处方组成为:填充剂为微晶纤维素、乳糖,崩解剂为5%低取代羟丙基纤维素,黏合剂为5%交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30醇-水混合溶液,包衣液为15%欧巴代。结论制备的氯沙坦钾片,各项指标均符合规定,工艺稳定可靠。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme