人乳腺癌中3种耐药基因产物的表达及其与预后的相关性

目的研究多药耐药基因产物Pα糖蛋白(P-gP)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶π(GST-π)和DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱα(TopⅡα)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与预后指标的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学技术,检测105例乳腺癌中P-gP、GST-π和TopⅡα耐药基因蛋白。结果(1)105例乳腺癌中P-gP、GST-π和TopⅡα的阳性表达率分别为77．1％、76．2％和36．2％;(2)P-gP及GST-π高表达和TopⅡα的低表达与肿瘤的浸润性和腋窝淋巴结转移相关;(3)P-gp、GST-π和TopⅡα与C-erbB-2的表达显著正相关;(4)GST-π与ER、PR的表达呈负相关。结论P-gp、GST-π和TopⅡα在乳腺癌的表达与其预后指标存在一定的联系,对乳腺癌患者在化疗前进行耐药基因检测,有助于判断预后及选择合理的化疗方案,从而提高疗效。     

乳腺癌P-gp、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ的表达及其与术前化疗的关系

目的:探讨P-gp、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ在乳腺癌中的表达以及术前化疗对乳腺癌多药耐药的影响及其临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法,对18例术前曾用化疗和70例术前未用化疗的88例乳腺癌组织检测P-gp、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ的表达.结果:88例乳腺癌中P-gp、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ的阳性率分别为42.0%、53.4%、48.9%、40.9%.术前应用化疗的病人乳腺癌组织P-gp、LRP、GST-π三者阳性表达率均较未用化疗的病人高.P-gp和LRP差异有显著性(P＜0.05),而GST-π差异无显著性(P＞0.05),TOPO-Ⅱ有化疗史的病人比无化疗史的病人低,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:P-gp、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ的耐药机制各不相同,同时检测P-gp、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ等多种导致多药耐药的因素,对乳腺癌化疗有重要的指导意义.     

多药耐药基因产物和激素受体在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨多药耐药基因产物谷胱甘肽转移酶π（ GST-π）、肺耐药相关蛋白（ LRP）和DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ（ TopoⅡ）和雌激素受体（ ER）、孕激素受体（ PR）在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及临床意义,并分析多药耐药基因产物与雌、孕激素受体之间是否有关联。方法应用免疫组织化学SP二步法检测194例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中GST-π、LRP、TopoⅡ、ER、PR的表达,且结合乳腺癌临床病理因素进行分析。结果194例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中GST-π、LRP、TopoⅡ表达的阳性率分别为62.4％、81.4％、51.5％。 LRP和TopoⅡ在伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者中的表达高于无淋巴结转移者（ P＜0.05）,而与患者年龄、肿块长径、组织学分级、TNM分期等临床病理因素之间无相关性（P＞0.05）;LRP和TopoⅡ的表达与ER、PR的表达均无明显相关性（ P＞0.05）。 GST-π的表达与ER、PR的表达呈负相关（ P＜0.05）,而与其它临床病理因素之间未见相关性（ P＞0.05）。 LRP、GST-π、TopoⅡ两两之间无相关性（ P＞0.05）。结论 GST-π、LRP、TopoⅡ与乳腺浸润性导管癌的多药耐药有关,且LRP和TopoⅡ与乳腺癌的转移有一定关系,GST-π与ER、PR负性相关。联合检测可为乳腺癌的临床化疗药物选择及评估预后提供依据。     

应用非小细胞肺癌组织芯片研究新辅助化疗对P-gp、LRP、MRP和GST-π定量表达影响的临床意义

目的 探讨新辅助化疗(NACT)对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP)和谷胱甘肽转移酶S(GST-π)定量表达的影响.方法 应用组织芯片、免疫组化及图像定量分析技术,对92例NSCLC标本(其中52例未经化疗的直接手术标本,20例同时具备化疗前活检标本和化疗后手术标本)中P-gp、LRP、MRP和GST-π的表达进行了检测.结果 P-gp、LRP、MRP和GST-π在未经化疗的标本中,阳性表达率分别为68.06%,72.22%,81.94%,83.33%;P-gp、LRP和GST-π在腺癌中的表达强度均高于鳞癌(P＜0.05,P＜0.001,P＜0.001),MKP的表达在腺、鳞癌间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).新辅助化疗后,P-gp、GST-π平均光密度与积分光密度在不同临床分期、组织学类型、分化程度、肿瘤大小、年龄以及淋巴结有无转移组中,均高于化疗前(P＜0.05或P＜0.001);而LRP、MRP平均光密度与积分光密度在上述各组中,在新辅助化疗前、后,差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 肺腺癌的原发耐药性可能强于鳞癌;新辅助化疗可能通过诱导耐药蛋白的表达增加肺癌组织的获得性耐药;新辅助化疗的采用与否应视不同病人的具体情况而定,Ⅰ～Ⅱ期NSCLC采用新辅助化疗应慎重,以免影响术后化疗效果;检测NSCLC新辅助化疗前、后耐药蛋白的定量表达,对术前及术后个性化化疗方案的选择和实施具有重要的指导意义.     

多药耐药基因、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶-π、胸苷酸合成酶在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的 检测多药耐药基因（P-gp）、谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶-π（GST-π）、胸苷酸合成酶（TS）在胃癌中的表达及其临床指标和预后关系。方法采用SP免疫组化法检测P-gP、GST-π、TS在62例胃癌患者中的表达。结果62例胃癌患者中P-gP、GST-π、TS表达率分别为77．4％、67．7％、12、9％。P-gP、GST-π表达率明显高于TS。结论P-gP、GST-π在原发性胃癌中有较高的表达率，P-gp的表达与分化程度和淋巴结转移有一定关系，可作为治疗和提示预后的指标。GST-π与肿瘤分化程度有一定相关性。P-gP、GST-π过表达导致胃癌化疗失败。鸭表达率低，提示5-FU可作为治疗原发性胃癌化疗的首选药物。     

5种经典耐药基因在儿童常见恶性肿瘤的表达及临床意义

目的通过检测P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)、肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST-π)、DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ(Topo-Ⅱ)5种耐药基因表达蛋白在儿童常见恶性肿瘤组织中的表达,探讨儿童恶性肿瘤耐药的机制,为临床选择敏感的个体化化疗方案提供实验室证据。方法选择40例儿童常见恶性肿瘤的病理切片标本,采用免疫组化的方法检测5种耐药蛋白(P-gp、MRP1、LRP、GST-π、Topo-Ⅱ)的表达,分析常见儿童恶性肿瘤耐药蛋白的表达及差异,分析儿童常见恶性肿瘤多药耐药的机制。结果(1)P-gp在卵黄囊瘤所有结构中都呈高阳性率、高强度的表达,说明P-gp过度表达是造成卵黄囊瘤耐药的主要机制。MRP1所介导的药物耐药性可能为卵黄囊瘤耐药的补充机制。LRP、GST-π在卵黄囊瘤多药耐药机制中可能起着协同作用。(2)横纹肌肉瘤中P-gp、GST-π的表达较其他耐药蛋白高。(3)神经母细胞瘤中P-gp、MRP1、Topo-Ⅱ的表达较高。(4)肾母细胞瘤中LRP、Topo-Ⅱ的表达较其他几种耐药蛋白低。(5)恶性淋巴瘤中5种耐药蛋白的表达均低。结论不同的肿瘤类型具有不同的耐药基因表达特点,其肿瘤...     

5种耐药基因在成人常见恶性肿瘤中的表达特点

目的:通过对成人肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌5种耐药基因蛋白的检测,了解常见恶性肿瘤组织耐药基因表达的一般规律和特点.方法:应用SP免疫组织化学法检测120例成人常见肿瘤标本P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π、Topo-Ⅱ的表达.结果:1.在6种常见肿瘤中P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π相对高表达,而Topo-Ⅱ相对低表达.2.肝癌的5种耐药基因蛋白表达均偏高.3.2种和2种以上耐药基因的共表达率达95.83%,其中5种耐药基因共表达率达21.67%.结论:P-gp、MRP、LRP、GST-π、Topo-Ⅱ均不同程度的参与了肿瘤耐药机制,临床上可作为指导用药的综合指标,实现个体化化疗.     

复方厄贝沙坦治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

目的:检测多种耐药相关蛋白(P-gP、MRP、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ)在人大肠癌组织中的表达,探讨其与临床病理相关因素(患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤的大小、分化程度、浸润深度、及淋巴结转移)的关系.方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测92例大肠癌组织中P-gP、MRP、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ的表达.结果:P-gP、MRP、LRP、GST-π、TOPO-Ⅱ在大肠癌中的阳性表达率分别为92.39%(85/92)、41.30%(38/92)、84.78%(78/92)、97.83%(90/92)、90.22%(83/92).且TOPO-Ⅱ在大肠癌患者的不同年龄段(＜30岁、30～60岁、＞60岁)、肿瘤的不同浸润深度(黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层、浆膜层)、患者有无淋巴结转移之间有显著性差异(P＜0.05);LRP和P-gP在肿瘤的不同浸润深度(黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层、浆膜层)之间有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:耐药相关蛋白在大肠癌组织中均高表达,与大肠癌的耐药性密切相关,对其的深入了解有利于指导临床制订合理的化疗方案,提高治疗效果.     

P-gp,LRP和GST-π在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及与预后的关系

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中耐药基因P-糖蛋白(P-gp),肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)和谷胱苷肽-S转移酶(GST-π)的表达特点及对预后的影响.方法:用免疫组化方法检测168例非小细胞肺癌组织中的P-gp,LRP及GST-π表达情况并随访部分患者以研究其表达与预后的相关性.结果:在168例非小细胞肺癌患者中,P-gp,LRP和GST-π表达的阳性率分别为60.7%,64.03%和63.1%.P-gp和LRP与肿瘤组织类型有关,腺癌阳性率高于鳞癌(P<0.05);这3种耐药基因与病变大小相关,病变直径≥5 cm患者中,其阳性率高于直径<5 cm患者(P<0.05);有淋巴结转移患者P-gp和LRP的阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.05);P-gp,LRP和GST-π表达为阴性患者2 a生存率高于阳性患者(P<0.05);三种耐药基因的表达与分化程度和年龄无关.结论:P-gP,LRP和GST-π的表达不仅与非小细胞肺癌的耐药情况有关,同时也可作为判断非小细胞肺癌患者预后的指标之一.耐药基因在非小细胞肺癌中的表达程度及特点不同,因而有必要对其进行联合检测以判断耐药及预后情况.     

4种耐药基因蛋白在中晚期喉癌放疗前后的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP1)、肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST-π)在中晚期喉鳞状细胞癌患者放疗前后肿瘤组织中表达及放疗对喉癌耐药基因的影响。 方法 收集76例中晚期喉癌患者,其中低分化鳞状细胞癌8例,中高分化鳞状细胞癌68例,采用免疫组织化学法检测在不同类型喉癌组织和放疗前后癌组织中P-gp、MRP1、LRP和GST-π的表达强度和分布,分析其表达情况。 结果 喉鳞状细胞癌具有原发耐药性,P-gp在低分化鳞癌和中高分化鳞癌2种病理类型喉癌组织中呈高强度强阳性表达,与MRP1、LRP和GST-π三种耐药蛋白比较差异有统计学意义(F=8.0839,P=0.0438);MRP1在低分化鳞癌中的表达明显高于中高分化鳞癌中的阳性表达率,其差异有统计学意义(t=9.575,P<0.001);放射治疗后P-gp、MRP1、LRP和GST-π阳性表达率与放射治疗前相比均有增高,其中P-gp在放疗前后表达阳性率分别为(53.26±7.94)%、(79.37±7.73)%,表达差异有统计学意义(t=6.28,P<0.05);MRP1在放疗前后表达阳性率分别为(31.14±8.96)%、(54.76±9.53)%,差异有统计学意义(t=7.35,P<0.05)。 结论 P-gp、MRP1、LRP和GST-π在喉鳞状细胞癌中表达存在差异性;放射治疗可以增加喉鳞状细胞癌耐药基因蛋白过表达,特别是放疗后P-gp和MRP1的过表达影响喉癌化疗方案的制定。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.