闭角型青光眼伴白内障联合手术的临床观察

目的 观察超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼伴白内障的临床疗效.方法 32例（48眼）患者行白内障超声乳化吸出及后房型折叠人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,术后随访6个月,分析术后眼压、视力等情况.结果 术前眼压30～45 mmHg（1 mmHg =0.133 kPa）,术后随访最终时眼压8 ～ 15 mmHg,术后矫正视力0.4 ～1.0者30眼（62.5％）.结论 超声乳化吸出后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼伴发白内障安全有效.     

慢性闭角型青光眼白内障手术治疗临床探讨

目的 探讨慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的手术方法.方法 慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障共64例（66眼）.其中43例（45眼）施行晶状体超声乳化吸出、人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术,21例（21眼）施行晶状体超声乳化吸出、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术.结果 术后视力：晶状体超乳联合房角分离手术组术后视力比术前提高者44眼（97.78%）.晶状体超乳联合小梁切除手术组术后视力比术前提高者18眼（85.72%）.术后眼压：晶状体超乳联合房角分离手术组术后第1天眼压正常;8周后有2眼眼压＞30 mmHg,给予二期行小梁切除术.晶状体超乳联合小梁切除手术组术后第1天19眼（90.48%）眼压正常,有2眼（9.52%）低眼压,4周后均恢复正常.结论 慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障采用晶状体超声乳化吸出、后房人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术或联合小梁切除术均能有效地提高患者的视力并降低眼压.     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术疗效观察

目的评价闭角型青光眼合并白内障行晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术的疗效。方法对36例(48眼)青光眼合并白内障施行晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合隧道内小梁切除术,观察术后视力、眼压、房角、眼底改变及视野变化。随访时间为术后1~6月。结果术后视力、房角均较术前改善,视野检查未发现进一步损害。术后眼压全部降至正常范围,平均眼压(16.02±2.14)mmHg。术后有一过性浅前房23眼。结论白内障晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术是治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的有效方法。     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者65例70眼,术后随访3~12mo,观察视力、眼压及并发症的发生。
　　结果：术后患者视力≤0.1者2眼,>0.1~0.3者6眼,0.4~0.8者60眼,≥1.0者2眼,术后眼压在正常范围内(<21mmHg)者69眼,1眼术后出现浅前房,经治疗改善。
　　结论：双切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障手术成功率高,疗效佳,是一种理想的手术方式。     

超声乳化与小梁切除治疗闭角型青光眼的对比

目的 对比研究超声乳化人工晶状体植入术与小梁切除术对初次发作的原发性急性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法 将58例（58眼）初次发作的原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障者随机分为两组，每组29例（29眼），A组行超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术，B组行穿透性小梁切除术。术后随访3～6月。结果 术后随访期间两组视力均有提高，以A组提高明显。A组术后前房深度增加；B组术后前房深度减少，并且有5例术后早期发生了浅前房。术后两组眼压均比术前明显降低，早期以B组下降明显，A组有6例术后1天眼压高于21mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），经局部用药后降至正常。结论 初次发作的合并有白内障的原发性急性闭角型青光眼，若无明显前房角粘连，经药物治疗眼压控制不佳者，采用晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术可以有效地降低眼压恢复视功能，且术后并发症较传统的小梁切除术为少。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼术后高眼压

目的 观察超声乳化白内障吸出术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗急性闭角型青光眼行小梁切除术后高眼压的疗效。方法对2000年10月～2003年2月收治的争性闭角型青光眼行小梁切除术后高眼压患者22例22眼，施行超声乳化白内障吸出术联合后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术。术后随访6～16个月。结果术后22眼眼压全部控制在2．8kPa以下，其中15眼(68．2％)控制在2．0kPa以下。无严重并发症，所有病例视力均有不同程度提高。结论超声乳化白内障吸出术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术，可有效控制抗青光眼滤过术后高眼压，改善视力，是治疗瞳孔阻滞型闭角型青光眼滤过性术后高眼压的有效方法。     

晶状体超声乳化吸出联合小梁切除术对青光眼伴有白内障的疗效

目的探讨晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术对青光眼伴白内障的疗效。方法开角型青光眼及慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障共35例（52眼）。行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术,比较分析手术前后的视力、眼压控制及术后滤泡形成情况。结果术后矫正视力≥0．3者41眼（78．85％）,比术前视力≥0．3者（3眼,5．77％）明显增多。术后随访至少6个月平均眼压（14．71±4．01）mmHg,无需使用降眼压药物。术后功能型滤过泡47眼（90．38％）。无严重并发症发生。结论晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术是一种安全、有效、便捷的治疗青光眼合并白内障的联合手术。     

晶状体超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术对闭角型青光眼眼压及前房深度的影响

目的评价品状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术或联合小梁切除术，治疗合并有自内障的闭角型青光眼，观察其术后眼压、前房深度及视力等的变化。方法回顾分析27例（30只眼）闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者。经综合降眼压治疗3～4d，眼压低于25mmHg者21只眼，即行巩膜隧道切口晶状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术，眼压高于25mmHg者9只眼，即行巩膜隧道切口晶状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入联合抗代谢药物及小梁切除术。随访3—6个月。结果所有患者术中、术后没有出现严重的并发症，术后视力均有提高，术后眼压都得到控制。平均眼压由术前的20．28mmHg降至11．07mmHg；中央前房深度由术前的2．14mm加深到3．43mm。术后眼压、中央前房深度与术前相比均有显著性差异。术后前房角开放均≥180°。结论晶状体超声乳化吸除及后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术或联合小梁切除术，是治疗合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼的有效方法。     

青光眼白内障联合手术治疗急性闭角型青光眼

目的观察晶状体超声乳化吸出、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法急性闭角型青光眼39例（46只眼），进行巩膜瓣下隧道切口行晶状体超声乳化吸出、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术。随访1个月～1年，对比术前、术后的视力，前房深度和眼压变化。结果46眼最佳矫正视力较手术前提升，术后眼压波动于正常范围，前房深度较术前增加。术后出现角膜水肿39眼，虹膜反应和晶状体前膜11眼，经积极治疗后明显改善。结论青光眼白内障联合手术疗效确切，虽然也存在一定的并发症，但及时处理并发症，仍可获得良好疗效。     

表麻下青光眼白内障联合手术治疗闭角型青光眼效果观察

目的探讨在爱尔凯因表面麻醉下行超声乳化白内障吸出折叠式人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析37例（45眼）闭角型青光眼合并白内障在0．5％爱尔凯因表面麻醉下行超声乳化白内障吸出折叠式人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗的临床资料。结果所有患者术中均能很好配合,无一例更换麻醉方法。术后随访3～24月,患眼术后视力均较术前显著提高,眼压全部降至正常范围,由术前平均（31．8±4．3）mmHg降至术后（13．1±5．2）mmHg,功能性滤过泡者42眼,占（93．3％）,术中术后均未发生严重并发症。结论在爱尔凯因表麻下行超声乳化白内障吸出折叠式人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术是治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的一种安全、有效、经济的方法。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.