Bernese periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia: Surgical technique and indications

For young, active patients with healthy hip cartilage, pelvic osteotomy is a surgical option in to address hip pain and to improve mechanical loading conditions related to dysplasia. Hip dysplasia may lead to arthrosis at an early age due to poor coverage of the femoralhead and abnormal loading of the joint articulation. In patients with symptomatic dysplasia and closed triradiate cartilage(generally over age 10), including adolescents and young adults(generally up to around age 40), the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy(PAO) is a durable technique for addressing underlying structural deformity. The PAO involves a modified Smith-Petersen approach. Advantages of the Bernese osteotomy include preservation of the weight-bearing posterior column of the hemi-pelvis, preservation of the acetabular blood supply, maintenance of the hip abductor musculature, and the ability to effect powerful deformity correction about an ideal center of rotation. There is an increasing body of evidence that preservation of the native hip can be improved through pelvic osteotomy. In contrast to hip osteotomy and joint preservation, the role of total hip arthroplasty in young, active patients with correctable hip deformity remains controversial. Moreover, the durability of hip replacement in young patients is inherently limited. Pelvic osteotomy should be considered the preferred method to address correctable structural deformity of the hip in the young, active patient with developmental dysplasia. The Bernese PAO is technically demanding, yet offers reproducible results with good long-term survivorship in carefully selected patients with preserved cartilage and the ability to meet the demands of rehabilitation.     

髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折伴髋关节脱位的手术治疗

目的探讨髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折伴髋关节脱位的手术治疗效果。方法对16例髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折伴髋关节脱位患者行Kocher Langenbeck入路切开复位内固定治疗。结果随访15例,1例失访,随访时间6个月～5年。根据改良的d′Aubingne和Postel的髋臼骨折临床结果评分标准,优6例,良7例,可2例。结论对各种类型的髋臼后壁粉碎性骨折伴髋关节脱位患者进行切开复位内固定治疗,临床效果满意。     

Rotational acetabular osteotomy for habitual hip dislocation with posterior acetabular wall deficiency in patients with Down syndrome

Hip dislocation associated with Down syndrome is relatively rare. Hip dislocation can progress to severe subluxation or habitual dislocation if the initial therapy is improperly performed. However, definitive treatment guidelines for conservative and surgical therapy for hip dislocation in patients with Down syndrome have not been established. This article describes a case of a 12-year-old girl with Down syndrome with nontraumatic habitual hip dislocation. Her hip joint was associated with acetabular dysplasia and hypoplasia of the posterior acetabular wall. Although conservative therapy was initially performed, no effects were observed. Rotational acetabular osteotomy and capsular plication were performed to reconstruct the posterior acetabular wall. No postoperative redislocation occurred, and the treatment effects were favorably sustained for 2 years. In Down syndrome, few cases of developmental dysplasia and hypoplasia of the posterior acetabular wall have been reported. In previous reports, these morphological abnormalities were rarely taken into consideration when determining the treatment strategy, and to our knowledge, no other reports demonstrate therapy involving rotational acetabular osteotomy for hip dislocation complicated with Down syndrome. Whether the acetabulum had posterior wall deficiency was thought to be important for conservative and surgical therapies in hip dislocation in patients with Down syndrome. Rotational acetabular osteotomy could be an effective surgical procedure for reconstruction of the acetabulum by posterolateral rotation of the osteotomized acetabulum.     

Stoppa入路在髋关节发育不良髋臼周围截骨术中的应用

 目的 探讨Stoppa入路联合髂嵴切口应用于髋关节发育不良髋臼周围截骨术的安全性及有效性。方法2011年9月至2012年7月接受髋臼周围截骨术中应用Stoppa入路的髋关节发育不良患者18例20髋,女15例17髋,男3例3髋。患者年龄19~35岁,平均29岁。手术切口采用腹部横切口（即Stoppa入路）联合髂嵴切口（髂腹股沟入路的外侧窗）。记录手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量和异体血输血量,术后12个月门诊随访时评估髋关节功能、影像学征象和手术相关并发症。结果 手术时间125~180 min,平均145 min。Stoppa入路腹部横切口长5~10 cm,平均7 cm;髂嵴切口长4~8 cm,平均6 cm;切口总长度为12~16 cm,平均13 cm。术中出血量为500~1 600 ml,平均800 ml;异体血输血量为400~2 400 ml,平均1 161 ml。术后随访14~22个月,平均19.6个月。Harris髋关节评分由术前（80.3±8.5）分改善至术后12个月时（93.5±5.2）分,平均改善（13.2±6.0）分;中心边缘角由术前7.5°±5.4°改善至30.0°±4.6°,平均改善22.5°±4.5°。手术前后Harris髋关节评分与中心边缘角的差异均有统计学意义。全部截骨均愈合,愈合时间3~6个月,平均3.3个月。2髋耻骨支截骨延迟至术后6个月愈合。3例术后出现一过性股外侧皮神经麻痹,未予特殊处理。结论 Stoppa入路联合髂嵴切口能够安全有效地完成髋臼周围截骨术,可以代替传统的髂腹股沟入路用于无须髋关节探查的轻度髋关节发育不良患者。     

ZMR modular system arthroplasty for correction of Putti's osteotomy in congenital inveterate hip dislocation

We report the case of 76-year-old woman operated in 1952 for a congenital inveterate dislocation of the left hip with a Putti's osteotomy and then treated in our institute for revision with correction osteotomy and hip arthroplasty using the modular ZMR system. With this surgical operation, the normal anatomy of the hip was restored. In fact, the articulation was again in correspondence of the true acetabulum, the femoral axle was corrected and the length discrepancy of the limb was reduced. The arthroplasty has given a stable neo-articulation and the use of the modular ZMR femoral system permitted synthesis of the osteotomy without any additional osteosynthesis devices. Received: 16 January 2003, Accepted: 28 January 2003 Correspondence to: M. Corbella     

改良髋臼周围截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位

目的 :探讨改良髋臼周围截骨术式治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位。方法 :采用髋臼周围截骨术联合髋臼加盖术 ,截骨端以楔形骨块充分植骨治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位 3 7例 47髋。结果 :随访 3 0例 ,3 8髋。随访 1 5～ 5年 ,平均 3 2年。按周永德评定标准 ,优 3 1髋 ,良 6髋 ,可 1髋。结论 :改良髋臼周围截骨术是治疗发育性髋关节脱位较理想的方法     

手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位

目的探讨手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位的临床疗效。方法18例髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位患者全部采用K-L入路复位钢板螺丝钉内固定治疗。结果手术时间60～120（90±30）min,失血量200～480（340±140）ml,18例均获随访,时间18～53（35.5±17.5）个月。采用Matta改良的d′Anbigne和Postel临床评价标准：优12例,良3例,可3例。结论髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位手术治疗可获得良好的临床效果,股骨头脱位复位越早越好,对伴有广泛粉碎性骨折者出现较差结果可能性更大。     

Open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip in infancy using ludloff's approach

Summary Operation is indicated in congenital dislocation of the hip when routine conservative management has not been successful and obstacles to reduction have been demonstrated by arthrography. The nature of these obstacles is analysed and the results of open reduction in 259 hips are presented. Secondary operation was required for 104 hips but finally 219 hips had good results (84.5%). Early recognition of failed conservative management is stressed because poor results were obtained when repeated attempts at closed reduction had been carried out prior to operation.

---

Résumé L'opération d'une luxation congénitale de la hanche est indiquée quand le traitement conservateur habituel a échoué et que l'arthrographie a révélé la présence d'obstacles à la réduction. Les auteurs analysent la nature de ces obstacles et présentent les résultats de réductions sanglantes effectuées sur 259 hanches. Une seconde opération a été nécessaire dans 104 cas. Au total, les résultats ont été satisfaisants dans 219 cas (84,5%). Des résultats médiocres ayant été observés chez des malades ayant subi avant l'opération des tentatives répétées de réduction orthopédique, il est important de se rendre très rapidement compte d'un éventuel échec du traitement conservateur.

     

先天性髋关节脱位手术治疗的探讨

目的 探讨先天性髋关节脱位手术治疗的有效方法。方法 采用开放复位、骨盆旋转截骨、髋臼成形或加盖、股骨上段旋转或短缩截骨的联合术式治疗先天性髋关节脱位106例，158髋。结果 全部病例经2～14年的随访，按照临床疗效评定标准，优良率达95．6％。结论 该方法根据病变的不同情况，采用联合的手术方式进行治疗，术后不用石膏固定，而采用牵引的方法，有利于髋关节功能的恢复；该手术方法可灵活运用，且并发症少。疗效满意。     

先天性髋脱位的外科治疗

自 1995年 9月以来我院采用髋臼造盖[1] (Ｇｉｌｌ第一型 ) ,股骨粗隆下旋转短缩截骨 ,内收肌、髂腰肌切断综合手术治疗先天性髋关节脱位 35例 38髋 ,疗效满意。报告如下。1　临床资料　　本组 35例中男 6例 ,女 2 9例 ;双侧发病者 3例。年龄 3～ 14岁 ,平均 5岁。所有病例术前     

骨盆Salter截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位的原因分析

目的 探讨骨盆Salter截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位的原因.方法 采用骨盆Salter截骨治疗63例儿童发育性髋关节脱位.7例术后发生渐发脱位,分析其发生原因.结果 患儿均获得随访,时间12～89个月.术后发生渐发脱位7例中,3例因术后关节囊松弛,不能有效维持关节稳定性,通过佩带髋外展支具后髋关节恢复稳定;2...     

Assessment of trochanteric osteotomy fragment union after acetabular fracture surgery

BackgroundTrochanteric osteotomies are performed in conjunction with standard approaches to improve surgical exposure during open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of acetabular fractures. The literature on total hip arthroplasty reports nonunion rates as high as 30% associated with trochanteric osteotomies; however, few data exist regarding the outcomes of trochanteric osteotomies for acetabular fracture surgery. Our hypotheses were 1) patients receiving trochanteric osteotomies during ORIF of acetabular fractures have a low rate of nonunion of the osteotomy fragment, and 2) hip abduction precautions are not necessary with digastric type osteotomies.Patients and methodsA retrospective review was conducted to identify patients with acetabular fractures between July 2002 and June 2010 (n = 734 fractures) who required trochanteric osteotomies (n = 64, 9% of fractures). Forty-seven met inclusion criteria of adequate follow-up (>56 days). No excluded patient experienced a complication. Fractures were classified using the Letournel-Judet classification system.ResultsOnly seven (20%) of 35 patients who received digastric osteotomies had hip abduction precautions applied during the postoperative period. All study patients were shown to have radiographic union at the trochanteric osteotomy site (100% union rate, n = 47). Hip abduction precautions intended to protect the osteotomy site and reduce the risk of nonunion and fixation failure were infrequently applied to patients with digastric osteotomies (20%) in this cohort. Multiple protective factors against nonunion were present in this study population compared with previous arthroplasty studies from other institutions.ConclusionsTrochanteric osteotomies are not associated with a significant nonunion rate, and digastric osteotomies might be safely managed without hip abduction precautions.     

髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折的外科治疗

目的:探讨各种不同类型髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折的外科治疗效果。方法:自1995年5月～2004年1月,共收治29例该类病例,根据Pipkin分4型:Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型4例。结果:本组共23例获得随访,随访时间6个月～9年,随访内容包括:临床及影像学检查。根据美国矫形外科学院评定标准,结果:优10例,良8例,可3例,差2例。优良率为78.3％。结论:早期切开复位,可吸收钉固定股骨头骨折是治疗髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折理想方法。     

Steel三联截骨治疗6～9岁儿童先天性髋脱位

目的　评价Steel三联截骨手术疗效。方法　对 5例 6～ 9岁、髋臼指数平均为 4 4°的患儿行Steel三联截骨 ,对其影像学、临床结果及满意率进行随访。结果　髋臼指数平均矫正至 2 1°,疼痛和跛行好转 ,没有发生股骨头无菌性坏死加剧。结论　Steel三联截骨对于治疗髋臼指数为 4 5°左右患儿 ,是一种安全有效的手术。     

伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术对严重髋臼发育不良的治疗

目的 研究和分析使用伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术治疗严重髋臼发育不良的中期临床和影像学结果.方法 1997年10月至2002年12月对18例(20髋)严重髋臼发育不良(Severin分级Ⅳb级)的患者接受了伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术.患者手术时平均年龄21岁,平均随访时间6.2年.本组患者术前患髋均已出现疼痛,术前功能位片显示关节面吻合.术后影像学评价畸形的矫正范围,截骨处的愈合情况及关节炎的进展.临床结果和髋关节功能由Harris评分进行评价,术前Harris评分平均78.5分.结果 比较术前和术后X线片,外侧中心边缘角(CE角)、前方CE角和臼顶倾斜角均有显著改善.所有髂骨截骨均愈合.患者术后末次随访Harris评分平均91.1分.18例患者中的14例对手术效果表示满意.20髋中16髋临床结果优.但有5髋存在畸形矫正不足.结论 伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术是治疗严重髋臼发育不良的有效术式.这一截骨术可以在各个平面对严重的骨缺损进行矫正,中期临床结果令人满意.     

固骼生联合自体髂骨在发育性髋关节脱位患儿行髋臼截骨术中的应用

 目的 比较单纯应用自体髂骨植骨与联合应用固骼生植骨对发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip, DDH)患儿行髋臼截骨术的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2011年10月采用切开复位髋臼截骨术治疗的113例DDH患儿资料。根据髋臼截骨术后使用的植骨材料,分为自体髂骨植骨组(52例,60髋)与固骼生联合自体髂骨植骨组(61例,67髋)。113例患儿髋关节Tonnis脱位分级均为Ⅱ～Ⅳ度。两组患儿性别、年龄、手术侧别、脱位分型、髋臼截骨方式及髋臼指数比较,差异均无统计学意义。分别于术后6周、3个月、6个月、1年与2年进行随访,分别比较两组患儿髋臼截骨区骨愈合情况、髋关节的影像学及功能恢复情况,并采用Lane、Severin 及McKay标准进行评分。结果 术后6周与术后3个月时Lane骨愈合评分,联合固骼生组分别为(6.4±1.3)分、(9.6±1.7)分,自体髂骨组分别为(4.7±1.5)分、(7.8±1.2)分,前者骨愈合情况明显优于后者,两组之间有差异;而术后6个月与术后1年时,联合固骼生组和自体髂骨组截骨区均基本达到骨性愈合,两组无差异。Severin标准髋关节影像学评价结果显示：联合固骼生组(优41髋、良22髋、可4髋)优良率为(94.0%,63/67)明显高于自体髂骨组(优28髋、良22髋、可10髋)的优良率(83.3%,50/60);自体髂骨组可的概率(16.7%,10/60)明显高于联合固骼生组(6.0%,4/67)。McKay标准髋关节功能评价结果与影像学评价结果一致。结论 固骼生作为一种新型的骨缺损修复材料,能在术后早期促进髋臼截骨区骨愈合,从而提高截骨区域抗压性。在DDH患儿行髋臼截骨术中联合应用固骼生植骨可以辅助获得满意的头臼对位关系及髋关节功能。     

肩顶复位法治疗髋关节后脱位

目的:观察肩顶复位法治疗髋关节后脱位的临床疗效。方法:2001年7月至2010年6月,14例髋关节后脱位,男12例,女2例;年龄18～57岁,平均34.6岁;病程2h～3d,平均1.1d。采用肩顶复位法整复,复位后配以牵引、练功及中药等治疗。根据Harris功能评分系统评价疗效。结果:14例均一次复位成功并获随访,时间8～24个月,平均16个月。Harris功能总分为(97.14±4.90)分,其中髋部疼痛、关节活动度、日常功能活动、畸形分别为(42.86±1.88)、(4.71±0.47)、(45.57±9.26)、(4.00±0.00)分;优12例,良2例。均未出现股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症。结论:肩顶复位法可单人操作,有效整复髋关节后脱位,为患髋康复奠定良好基础。     

Open reduction and varus-detorsion osteotomy with femoral shortening in treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip

In this study, we clinically and radiographically evaluated open reduction with shortening of the femur in children more than 1 year old with refractory congenital dislocation of the hip. In 19 children (aged 1–4 years), 22 joints were operated on. The patients were followed-up for an average of 8.7 years (range, 2–13 years). Functional results were satisfactory in all joints, and differences in limb length were not significant. Radiographically, good results (grades I and II) were obtained in 16 of the 22 joints, according to Severin's criteria. This surgical procedure may be indispensable for treating refractory congenital dislocation of the hip in children over 1 year old. Received for publication on May 2, 1997; accepted June 3, 1998     

Rotational acetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia of the hip with a giant acetabular bone cyst: a case report

In acetabular dysplasia of the hip joint accompanied by a giant acetabular bone cyst, rotational acetabular osteotomy may cause serious complications, such as bone necrosis after surgery or fracture of the fragile acetabulum during the operation. In a patient with this condition, we performed a two-stage operation: first, autogenous bone grafting supplemented with hydroxyapatite filling, then rotational acetabular osteotomy (after new bone formation had been assured). Radiographs and CT scans showed favorable fusion of the grafted bone. Some 18 months after the second operation, arthrograms showed no inflow of contrast medium from the articular cavity into the bone cyst region, although this had been observed before treatment. Thus, an effective remodeling of bony congruency was indicated in the mobile acetabulum 5 years after the second operation. This two-stage operation appears to be useful for correcting acetabular dysplasia accompanied by a giant bone cyst and to carry a reduced risk of serious complications, such as deterioration of the articular surface of the acetabulum or necrosis of the translocated acetabulum.     

Slotted acetabular augmentation for the treatment of residual hip dysplasia in adults: early results of 12 patients

Introduction Different pelvic osteotomies and various shelf procedures are used for the operative treatment of hip dysplasia. Slotted acetabular augmentation (SAA) is a well-established technique for the treatment of children and adolescents with hip dysplasia. It has not been widely accepted for treating hip dysplasia in adults although good outcomes have been reported with other augmentation techniques in adults. Materials and methods Since 1997, SAA has been used for the prevention of hip arthrosis in 14 dysplastic hips in 12 female patients. The median age at operation was 38.5 (17–42) years; the median follow-up period was 4 (1–8) years. The patients were evaluated on the basis of radiographic, biomechanical and clinical data prior to surgery and at follow-up. Results The median centre-edge angle of Wiberg increased from 9°(1–26) before the operation to 43°(31–55) at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001). The median peak stress on the weight-bearing area of the hip, calculated mathematically, was reduced from 14.9 (6.3-28-1) MPa prior to the operation to 4.1 (3–6.1) MPa at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001); the median Harris Hip Score increased from 60 (45–98) points preoperatively to 93 (49–100) points at the follow-up (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the preoperative and follow-up hip joint-space width (P = 0.2). Conclusion There were no postoperative complications. In our series, the procedure has proved reliable and safe. Its advantages include symptomatic pain relief, adequate acetabular roof coverage and reduced peak stress on the weight bearing area of the hip. It can be used to postpone the development of hip arthrosis in adults with acetabular dysplasia.