Calcium phosphate bone cement: a possible alternative to autologous bone graft. A radiological and biomechanical comparison in rat tibial bone

Background  

Donor site morbidity is a problem after autologous bone transplantation. An injectable CaP bone cement indicates properties similar to bone.     

Function after injection of benign bone lesions with a bioceramic

Background  

A novel calcium sulfate–calcium phosphate composite injectable bone graft substitute has been approved by the FDA for filling bone defects in a nonweightbearing application based on preclinical studies. Its utility has not been documented in the literature.     

Tantalum is a good bone graft substitute in tibial tubercle advancement

Background  

Porous tantalum is reportedly a good substitute for structural bone graft in several applications. So far, its use has not been reported in tibial tuberosity anteriorization (TTA) for treatment of isolated degenerative chondral lesions of the patellofemoral joint.     

Effect of alpha-tocopherol on bone formation during distraction osteogenesis: a rabbit model

Purpose  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of alpha-tocopherol on distraction osteogenesis.     

The accuracy of a novel self-tapping bone fiducial marker for frameless robot-assisted stereo-electro-encephalography implantation and registration techniques

Background

We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of a novel self-tapping bone fiducial as a registration technique for stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) implantation.

Methods

Each patient was installed with five bone fiducial markers. All procedures were performed using the same Sinovation robot system. The accuracy was determined by calculating the target point error (TPE) and the entry point error (EPE) of electrodes.

Results

Fourteen patients underwent SEEG implantation surgery; and the average installation time of the markers per patient was 86.1 s. In the operating theatre, the average registration time was 206.6 s, and the average registration error was 0.18 mm. The average TPE of 174 electrodes was 1.98 mm and the average EPE was 0.88 mm.

Conclusion

Our study provided a bone fiducial marker installation and registration technique that was convenient and fast, highly accurate in registration, and highly tolerated by patients.     

The effect of weight training on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with bone loss: a 24-month randomized controlled trial

Summary  

This study examined whether 24 months of weight training exercises enhanced the effectiveness of risedronate, calcium, and vitamin D in maintaining or improving bone mineral density (BMD) in 223 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Subjects who were ≥50% adherent to exercise had no improvement in BMD but were less likely to lose BMD.     

Daptomycin in bone and joint infections: a review of the literature

Introduction  

To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of daptomycin, a novel antibiotic for the treatment of bone and joint infections, a literature search of relevant articles was conducted.     

Effect of alendronate on bone metabolic indices and bone mineral density in patients treated with high-dose glucocorticoid: a prospective study

Summary  

This prospective study, in the very early phase after initiation of glucocorticoid (GC) treatment, showed that alendronate was effective in suppressing accelerated bone resorption and subsequent decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine of patients with high-dose GC treatment.     

Birth weight and adult bone mass: a systematic literature review

Summary  

This systematic literature review comprised 16 studies. The association of birth weight with bone parameters was much more evident for bone mineral content (BMC) rather than bone mineral density (BMD). This is an important finding since a reduction in BMC is strongly associated with an increased risk of fractures.     

Biomechanical testing of implant free wedge shaped bone block fixation for bone patellar tendon bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a bovine model

Background  

The use of an interference fit wedged bone plug to provide fixation in the tibial tunnel when using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction offers many theoretic advantages including the potential to offer a more economical and biological alternative to screw fixation. This technique has not been subjected to biomechanical testing. We hypothesised that a wedged bone plug fixation technique provides equivalent tensile load to failure as titanium interference screw fixation.     

Effects of low power laser irradiation on bone healing in animals: a meta-analysis

Purpose  

The meta-analysis was performed to identify animal research defining the effects of low power laser irradiation on biomechanical indicators of bone regeneration and the impact of dosage.     

A rapid method for the generation of uniform acellular bone explants: a technical note

Background  

Bone graft studies lack standardized controls. We aim to present a quick and reliable method for the intra-operative generation of acellular bone explants.     

Low urine pH and acid excretion do not predict bone fractures or the loss of bone mineral density: a prospective cohort study

Background  

The acid-ash hypothesis, the alkaline diet, and related products are marketed to the general public. Websites, lay literature, and direct mail marketing encourage people to measure their urine pH to assess their health status and their risk of osteoporosis.     

Torsional stability of interference screws derived from bovine bone - a biomechanical study

Background  

In the present biomechanical study, the torsional stability of different interference screws, made of bovine bone, was tested. Interference screws derived from bovine bone are a possible biological alternative to conventional metallic or bioabsorbable polymer interference screws.     

The effect of soy isoflavone on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Taiwanese women with bone loss: a 2-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Summary  

The treatment of 300-mg/day isoflavones (aglycone equivalents) (172.5 mg genistein + 127.5 mg daidzein) for 2 years failed to prevent lumbar spine and total proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) from declining as compared with the placebo group in a randomized, double-blind, two-arm designed study enrolling 431 postmenopausal women 45–65 years old.     

Predictors of bone loss in childhood hematologic malignancies: a prospective study

Summary  

Twenty-nine children with malignancies and age, gender-matched controls were prospectively studied over 14 months. Patients had higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and fat mass, lower bone mass, and bone mass increments at follow-up than controls. Lean mass, age at diagnosis, systemic and intrathecal therapy were predictors of bone mass changes on adjusted analyses.     

Appendicular bone mass and knee and hand osteoarthritis in Japanese women: a cross-sectional study

Background  

It has been reported that there is an inverse association between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis. However, the relationship of bone mass to OA in a Japanese population whose rates of OA are different from Caucasians remains uncertain.     

Veganism, bone mineral density, and body composition: a study in Buddhist nuns

Summary  

This cross-sectional study showed that, although vegans had lower dietary calcium and protein intakes than omnivores, veganism did not have adverse effect on bone mineral density and did not alter body composition.     

Secretory osteocalcin as a nondestructive osteogenic marker of tissue-engineered bone

Background and purpose  

The constructs of mesenchymal stem cells and ceramics form bone tissue after implantation. Therefore, the constructs can include cultured bone (tissue-engineered bone) as bone grafts. However, the selection of constructs, prior to implantation, with high osteogenic potential is still difficult. We used a rat model to measure the secretory osteocalcin level in culture medium to verify that monitoring osteocalcin levels enables the selection of constructs with high osteogenic potential.     

Maternal vitamin D status affects bone growth in early childhood��a prospective cohort study

Summary  

In this prospective study, 87 children were followed up from birth to 14 months with data on maternal vitamin D status during the pregnancy. Postnatal vitamin D supplementation improved vitamin D status but only partly eliminated the differences in bone variables induced by maternal vitamin D status during the fetal period.