Treatment of 60 Cases of Prolapse of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by Electroacupuncture

目的观察电针治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法运用电针辨证施治治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者60例,并临床随访6个月.结果近期显效40例,好转13例,总有效率为88.3%;远期疗效其中显效45例,好转10例,总有效率为91.7%.结论电针治疗腰椎间盘突出症近远期疗效好,疗效稳定,且方法安全有效,无毒副作用.     

Treatment of 56 Cases of Pain of Supra-orbital Bone by Puncturing Siguan Acupoints

Pain of supra-orbital bone is very common in clinic The author achieved significant effect in treating 56 cases of pain of supra-orbital bone by puncturing Siguan （four gates） points. The report is as follows.     

Role of Acupuncture in Mangement of Optic Atrophy

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Treatment of 32 Cases of Meniere Disease with Acupuncture

采用针刺法治疗梅尼埃病32例,穴位用百会、风府,双侧风池、肾俞、太溪、悬钟,结果8例完全控制,12例基本控制,9例部分控制,3例未控制,总有效率为90.6%.     

Treatment of 68 Cases of Epigastric Pain with Acupucnture

Acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal globular ulcer, and antral gastritis are commonly encountered diseases of digestive system, and epigastric pain is their main symptom. The author treated 68 cases of epigastric pain with acupuncture, now it is reported as follows.     

Experience of Treatment of Depression by Acupuncture plus Medicine

Depression is a type of psychosomatic disorder that presents with persistent depressed emotion （or mood）, poor concentration and psychomotor inhibition. It is more than a psychological problem. However, with pathological changes of biology, depression can be either a major symptom of one condition or accompanying symptom of other conditions.     

Critical process parameter identification of manufacturing processes of Astragali Radix extract with a weighted determination coeffcient method

Objective: Critical process parameters(CPPs) identification is an important step of the implementation of quality by design(Qb D) concept. There are many CPP identification methods, such as risk analysis method, sensitivity analysis method, multiple linear regression method, standard partial regression coefficient(SPRC) method, and so on. The SPRC method can consider multiple process critical quality attributes(CQAs) simultaneously, but the determination of CPP number is subjective. Therefore, new CPP identification method is still required.Methods: The manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract, which contained water reflux extraction,concentration, and ethanol precipitation, was used as an example. First, the multiple process CQAs were determined to be the yield of pigment, dry matter, sugars, and active ingredients. Second, the potential CPPs were determined by a knowledge organization method. Plackett-Burman designed experiments were then performed. A weighted determination coefficient(R2 w) method was presented to identify CPPs. In this method, the importance of different CQAs was considered. Process parameters were removed one-by-one according to their importance index. The decrease in R2 wwas used to characterize the importance of the removed parameter. If the decrease of R2 wwas less than a preset threshold, the removed parameter was not a CPP.Results: During the manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract, the potential CPPs determined by the knowledge organization method were water consumption, reflux extraction time, extraction frequency, ethanol content, ethanol consumption, and concentration endpoint. Reflux extraction time, the first ethanol consumption, the second ethanol consumption, and the second ethanol precipitation refrigeration temperature were found to be CPPs using the weighted determination coefficient method with the threshold of 10%.Conclusion: Using the weighted determination coefficient method, CPPs can be determined with all the CQAs considered based on their importance. The determination of CPP number is more objective compared with the SPRC method.     

乙醇回流提取黄芪总黄酮最佳温度考察

目的:筛选黄芪总黄酮的最佳回流提取温度。方法:以芦丁的收率为指标,采用平行试验法对黄芪总黄酮提取温度进行优选。结果:乙醇回流提取黄芪总黄酮的最佳温度为80℃。结论:该提取温度符合大生产的要求,可为黄芪总黄酮的提取工艺研究提供科学依据。     

不同提取方法对黄芪总皂苷含量的影响

目的：优选黄芪总皂苷的提取方法。方法：采用平行试验法,以黄芪甲苷为指标,测定用HPLC-ELSD法测试乙醇回流法和水提醇沉法提取的总皂苷中黄芪甲苷的含量。结果：乙醇回流法比水提醇沉法提取的总皂苷中黄芪甲苷含量高出约40%。结论：乙醇回流法较水提醇沉法提取率高,是黄芪总皂苷的最佳提取工艺。     

超高压提取黄芪甲苷工艺研究

 目的研究超高压提取黄芪药材中皂苷类成分的最佳工艺。方法以黄芪甲苷含量为指标,蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)进行高效液相色谱检测,正交设计法对提取压力(100,300,500MPa),溶剂中乙醇浓度(50%,70%,90%),溶剂与原料比(10:1,15:1,20:1)以及提取时间(1,3,5min)等影响因素进行考察,确定最优提取条件,并同热回流提取作比较。结果超高压提取黄芪皂苷类成分的最佳工艺为:压力300MPa,溶剂乙醇体积分数70%,溶剂原料比20:1(mL·g^-1),提取时间5min。超高压提取的效率优于热回流提取。结论同热回流方法比较,超高压提取黄芪中皂苷类成分,具有效率高、时间短和能耗低等优点。     

质量源于设计:基于知识组织的中药生产潜在关键工艺参数的辨识

目的:在"质量源于设计"(quality by design,Qb D)理念的指导下,将知识组织方法应用于中药生产潜在关键工艺参数辨识。方法:以丹参乙醇提取工艺相关文献为研究对象,运用秩和比法,通过知识抽取、知识重组和结果分析实现知识组织对丹参醇提潜在关键工艺参数的辨识。结果:运用知识组织方法和秩和比法成功辨识出丹参醇提工艺关键工艺参数的影响程度,其中乙醇体积分数和乙醇用量的影响最为重要,秩和比分别为0.319 3和0.252 1;其次为提取次数、提取时间和提取温度,秩和比分别为0.180 7,0.205 9,0.067 23。结论:Qb D理念指导下的知识组织方法可以有效辨识中药生产过程中潜在关键工艺参数,为中药生产过程的质量控制提供指导。     

基于质量源于设计理念优化参蒲盆炎颗粒喷雾干燥工艺

目的基于"质量源于设计"(quality by design,Qb D)理念,采用设计空间法优化参蒲盆炎颗粒喷雾干燥工艺。方法首先将集粉率、水分含量及芍药苷、绿原酸、虎杖苷、丹酚酸B含量6个指标作为关键质量属性(critical quality attribute,CQA),采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)设计实验,通过加权标准偏回归系数筛选出进风温度、进样速率、药液密度为3个关键工艺参数(critical process parameter,CPP);再采用Box-Behnken设计实验,通过逐步回归法建立CQA和CPP间的数学模型。结果方差分析显示模型P值均小于0.05,失拟值均大于0.05,可以较好地描述CQA和CPP之间的关系。最后通过MonteCarlo仿真法计算获得基于概率的设计空间并验证。结论在工艺参数设计空间内操作能够保证参蒲盆炎颗粒喷雾干燥工艺品质稳定,有助于提高批次间质量均一性,为产业化提供数据支撑。     

设计空间法优化党参一次醇沉工艺

采用设计空间法优化党参一次醇沉工艺参数操作范围以提升工艺稳健性。首先选取总黄酮保留率、总固体去除率和色素去除率为关键工艺评价指标,然后采用Plackett-Burman设计发现关键工艺参数为浓缩液含固量、乙醇和浓缩液质量比(醇料比)以及乙醇浓度,再采用Box-Behnken设计建立关键工艺参数和关键工艺评价指标间的数学模型,最后通过Monte Carlo法计算获得基于概率的设计空间并验证。验证结果表明,在工艺参数设计空间内操作能够保证党参一次醇沉工艺品质稳定。根据计算结果,党参一次醇沉工艺的推荐操作空间为浓缩液含固量45.0%~48.0%,醇料比2.48~2.80 g·g^-1,乙醇浓度92.0%~92.7%。     

基于QbD理念的丹参醇提工艺设计空间的建立与验证

目的：建立并验证丹参醇提工艺的设计空间。方法：以隐丹参酮、丹参酮IIA提取率为关键质量属性（CQA）,以乙醇浓度、乙醇倍量、煎煮时间为关键工艺参数（CPP）,采用中心点复合设计安排实验,基于二次多项式回归模型开发丹参醇提工艺设计空间。结果：方差分析结果显示模型的P值均小于0．05,且失拟值均大于0．1,表明该模型可以较好的描述CQA和CPP之间的关系,设计空间以Overlay plot展示,在加入95％置信区间后,可缩小设计空间范围并提高其可靠性。结论：基于质量源于设计（QbD）理念建立丹参醇提工艺设计空间可以提高工艺过程的稳健性和灵活性。     

黄芪药材、饮片中黄芪甲苷含量测定方法的改进

目的：建立操作简便、重现性好的黄芪药材、饮片中黄芪甲苷的提取及含量测定方法。方法：比较4种不同的提取方法,用HPLC-ELSD法测定黄芪甲苷含量,色谱柱为Capcell PAK C18（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）;流动相为乙腈-水（32：68）。结果：简化的提取方法,黄芪甲苷的进样量在0.53～12.72μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9994）,平均回收率为98.91%,RSD=2.10%。结论：改进方法样品提取简单、方便、准确、重现性好,可作为黄芪药材、饮片中黄芪甲苷含量测定方法。     

复合酶法提取远志总皂苷的工艺研究

目的：研究酶法结合传统回流法提取远志总皂苷工艺条件。方法：利用可见分光光度法测定远志总皂苷含量;考察植物复合酶的酶解时间、酶解温度对传统提取工艺的强化效果;通过显微结构图和红外光谱图说明了复合酶法强化传统提取法的作用方式及提取物的结构。结果：酶用量为0．4％时,适宜酶解温度为55％,最优酶解时间为0．5h。结论：复合酶法结合传统回流提取后,可提高远志总皂苷提取率、缩短提取时间、减少乙醇使用量,对于远志流浸膏的高效提取具有一定指导意义。