New bis(pyridyl)methane derivatives from 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones: synthesis and antitumoral activity

Bis(pyridyl)methane derivatives 5-40 were obtained from the reaction of 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones 3 and 4 with aldehydes. Compounds 5-40 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute and some of them demonstrated inhibitory effects on the growth of a wide range of cancer cell lines generally at 10(-5) M level and in some case at 10(-7) M concentrations.     

Synthesis of a new series of 4-chloro-2-mercapto-5-methylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives with potential antitumor activity

The syntheses of S-(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfamoylphenyl)alkanethio (or benzothio)hydrazonates (3a-3o) and potassium S-(5-chloro-2-cyanoamidatesulfonyl-4-methylphenyl)alkanethio (or benzothio)hydrazonates (4-10) are described. The compounds 3e, 3i-3o, 7 and 8 were screened at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their activities against a panel of 59 tumor cell lines and relationships between structure and antitumor activity in vitro are discussed. The compounds 3e, 3j, 3l-3o and 7 exhibited reasonable activity against numerous human tumor cell lines. The prominent compound 3l showed significant activity against some cell lines of leukemia (SR), melanoma (SK-MEL-5), CNS cancer (SF-539), ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231/ACTT) (GI50 values in the range 0.3-0.9 microM). Furthermore, compound 8 exhibited the high selectivity against renal cancer (A498) cells (GI50 < 0.01 microM, TGI = 2.3 microM and LC50 = 35.7 microM).     

In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of platinum(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazones derived from 2-formyl and 2-acetyl pyridine and containing ring incorporated at N(4)-position: synthesis, spectroscopic study and crystal structure of platinum(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazones, potential anticancer agents

Reactions of thiosemicarbazones of 2-formyl and 2-acetyl pyridine and containing an azepane ring (hexamethyleneiminyl ring) incorporated at N(4)-position, HL(1) (1) and HL(2) (2) with platinum(II) afforded the complexes, [Pt(L(1))Cl] (3) and [Pt(L(2))Cl] (4). Characterization of the compounds was accomplished by means of elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques NMR, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray structure of complex [Pt(L(2))Cl] (4) shows that the ligand monoanion coordinates in a planar conformation to the metal via the pyridyl N atom, the imine-N atom, and thiolato S-atom. Compounds 1-4 have been evaluated for antiproliferative activity in vitro against three human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line), T24 (bladder cancer cell line), A-549 (non-small cell lung carcinoma) and a mouse L-929 (a fibroblast-like cell line cloned from strain L). Ligand 2 exhibited high activity as anticancer agent against all four cancer cell lines, while ligand 1 exhibited selectivity against MCF-7, L-929 cell lines and complex 4 against A-549, T-24 cancer cell lines. Also, the acute toxicity and antitumor activity were evaluated on leukemia P388-bearing mice. Complex 3 afforded five to six cures against leukemia P388. The in vivo results of the antitumor activity show the two platinum complexes as very effective chemotherapeutic antileukemic agents.     

Cell membrane fatty acid composition differs between normal and malignant cell lines

Twenty-eight fatty acids (C8:0 to C24:l n-9) were measured by gas chromatography in four normal cell lines (C3H / 10T1 / 2, CCD-18Co, CCD-25SK and CCD-37Lu) and seven cancer cell lines (C-41, Caov-3, LS-180, PC-3, SK-MEL-28, SK-MES-1 and U-87 MG). Results show differences in the content and proportions of fatty acids when comparing cancer cell lines with their normal counterparts. Cancer cell lines showed lower C20: 4 n-6, C24:1 n-9, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's) and ratios of C20:4 n-6 to C20:5 n-3 and C16:0 to C18:1 n-9 and stearic to oleic (SA/OA) than their normal counterparts. All cancer cell lines had SA/OA ratios lower than 7.0 while normal cell lines had ratios greater than 0.7 (p<0.05). In addition, the ratios of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) to PUFA'S and the concentration of C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6, C20:5 n-3 were higher in cancer cell lines as compared to normal cell lines. A positive correlation was detected between C16:0 and longer SFA'S (r = +0.511, p<0.05) in normal cell lines whereas a negative correlation (r=0.608, p<0.05) was obtained for malignant cell lines. Moreover, cancerous cell lines exhibited a particular desaturation defect and an abnormal incorporation of C18:2 n-6 and C20-4 n-6 fatty acids.     

A comparative study of growth-inhibitory effects of isoflavones and their metabolites on human breast and prostate cancer cell lines

The possible growth-inhibitory properties of the recently synthesized novel metabolite 1-(2,4-dihydrobenzoyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene (2-de-O-DMA) and six other metabolites of isoflavones were investigated and compared with those of the major isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein on human breast noncancer and breast and prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. The novel metabolite 2-de-O-DMA was found to be a more potent inhibitor than genistein on human breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and SK-BR-3 cells and breast noncancer MCF-10A cells. In prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU145, 2-de-O-DMA elicited a six- to sevenfold more potent inhibition than genistein. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 2-de-O-DMA and genistein blocked cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Genistein and 2-de-O-DMA led to apoptosis of a variety of cancer cell lines. The rapid response of growth inhibition induced by 2-de-O-DMA compared with genistein strongly suggests that the observed antiproliferation effects elicited by this novel metabolite are mediated via a biological pathway different from that induced by genistein. 2-de-O-DMA, a novel metabolite of isoflavone, could have a potential role in chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic treatment of hormonal breast and prostate cancers.     

Unsymmetrical methylene derivatives of indoles as antiproliferative agents

Indole-3-carbinol is a natural product which has been shown to reduce the incidence of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced mammary tumours in animals. Eighteen unsymmetrical methylene derivatives of indoles were prepared by reaction of Mannich bases of 7-hydroxycoumarins with substituted indoles in acetic or propionic anhydride. The synthesised molecules were tested in vitro against the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines by MTT and cell count assays. Results from 16 tested compounds showed that 60% of them exerted some effects against the MDA-MB-231 compared to about 30% towards the MCF7. Among all, the 3-(7'-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin-8'-yl)methyl-2-methylindole resulted the most effective in both cell lines, compared to indole-3-carbinol. In conclusion, these preliminary results report that some of these compounds might be promising potential antiproliferative agents.     

Bioactive actions of pomegranate fruit extracts on leukemia cell lines in vitro hold promise for new therapeutic agents for leukemia

Studies suggest that pomegranates contain bioactive chemicals with potential for treatment and prevention of cancer. Pomegranate juice extracts (PJE) have been shown to inhibit cellular proliferation and tumor growth and induce cell death via apoptosis in a number of cancer cell lines. However, to date, few studies have investigated the potential of PJE in the treatment of leukemia. We investigated the potential effect of PJE on induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation in 8 leukemia cell lines (4 lymphoid and 4 myeloid) and nontumor hematopoietic stem cells (control cells). Apoptosis was assessed by 2 methods: Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining with flow cytometric analysis and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) morphological assessment. Cell cycle stage was investigated using propidum iodide staining of DNA content and flow cytometric analysis. Live cell counts were also performed using a trypan exclusion assay. PJE significantly induced apoptosis in all cell lines, including nontumor control cells, although lymphoid cells and 2 of the myeloid cell lines were more sensitive. Furthermore, PJE induced cell cycle arrest. These results were confirmed by DAPI analysis and viable cell counts using trypan blue exclusion assay. Our results provide evidence that PJE contain bioactive compounds that could be used in the treatment of leukemia.     

Apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells induced by eicosapentaenoic acid

OBJECTIVES: Clinical studies have shown that administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to patients who have unresectable pancreatic cancer induces marked attenuation of cachexia. However, the exact mechanisms of the beneficial effect of EPA on pancreatic cancer are unknown. This examined the effect of EPA on proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and sought to clarify its mechanisms. METHODS: The effects of EPA on proliferation of three human pancreatic cancer cell lines (SW1990, AsPC-1, and PANC-1) were assessed. Induction of apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were measured. The effect of EPA on cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in these cell lines was determined. RESULTS: EPA inhibited proliferation of all three human pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion. Simultaneously, EPA treatment induced apoptosis and this was associated with caspase-3 activation. EPA treatment was also associated with a decrease in intracellular levels of cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that EPA inhibits human pancreatic cancer cell growth due at least in part to the induction of apoptotic cell death. Such apoptosis is associated with activation of caspase-3 and suppression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. Greater understanding of the molecular events associated with the biological activity of EPA should enhance the therapeutic potential of administration of EPA to patients who have pancreatic cancer.     

Synthesis, molecular structure, and in vitro antitumor activity of new 4-chloro-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide derivatives

The reaction of 3-amino-2-(2-alkylthio-4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)guanidines 2a-j with 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds are described. Depending on structure of 1,2-dicarbonyl reagent novel 2-alkylthio-5-chloro-N-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides 3-15, 1-(2-alkylthio-4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)-3-(2-oxobutane-3-ylidenoimino)guanidines 16-18 and 2-alkylthio-4-chloro-N-(1,2-dihydroxycyclobuta[e]1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides 19-21 are obtained. The structures of these compounds were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, spectral data and X-ray analysis. The compounds 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12-15, 17, 18 and 20 were screened at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their in vitro activities against a panel of 56 tumor cell lines and relationship between structure and antitumor activity are discussed. The compounds 10, 12, 17 and 20 were inactive, whereas the other compounds exhibited reasonable activity against one or more human tumor cell lines. The prominent compound 18 showed significant activity against cell lines of colon cancer (HCT-116), renal cancer (786-0) and melanoma (M14) (GI50 in the range 0.33-1.08 microM) as well as good selectivity toward non-small cell lung cancer (HOP-62) cells (GI50 = 0.05 microM, TGI = 0.38 microM and LC50 = 4.83 microM).     

New bis-N9-(methylphenylmethyl)purine derivatives: synthesis and antitumor activity

A series of ortho-, meta- and para-bis-N9-(methylphenylmethyl)purine derivatives 4-15 were obtained by two-step synthesis from various substituted chloropurines with alpha,alpha'-dichloroxylenes. These bis-N9-(methylphenylmethyl)purines 4-15 were evaluated for the primary cytotoxic activity against a panel of NCI-H460 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and SF-268 (CNS) cancer cell lines. The 'active' compounds which reduced growth of cancer cells to ca. 32% or less, have been evaluated in a full panel of 60 human cancer cell lines over a 5-log dose range at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. In this series, the most activity is correlated to the compounds derived from the 2,6-dichloropurines such as bis-9-[o-(methylphenylmethyl)]2,6-dichloropurine (5), bis-9-[m-(methylphenylmethyl)]2,6-dichloropurine (8), and bis-9-[p-(methylphenylmethyl)]2,6-dichloropurine (11). In particular compound 8 exhibited high sensitivity in leukemia cell lines and compounds 5, 8 and 11 exhibited consistent high sensitivity in many breast cancer cell lines. Compound 11 was the most potent in this series and exhibited GI(50)<0.01 microM sensitivity against non-small lung cancer EKVX, colon cancer HT-29, melanoma SK-MEL-28, renal cancer RXF 393, prostate cancer DU-145 and several breast cancer HS 578T and BT-549 cell lines.     

萝卜硫烷对乳腺癌细胞增殖、细胞周期、细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制研究

目的:研究萝卜硫烷(sulforaphane,SUL)对不同类型乳腺癌细胞增殖和细胞周期细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用MTT法、流式细胞术和Western印迹法,研究不同浓度受试物对F3Ⅱ、MCF-7、MDA-MB-231和ZR-75-1细胞增殖抑制、细胞周期阻滞、F3Ⅱ细胞凋亡和p34cdc2及Cdc25C表达的影响。结果:(1)SUL对所选的四个细胞系均有很强的增殖抑制作用,其中雌激素正响应型(ERP)细胞对SUL的敏感性明显强于雌激素负响应型(ERN)细胞和扩散性较强的F3Ⅱ细胞;(2)SUL对F3Ⅱ细胞和两种ERP细胞均呈现G2/M期阻滞作用,而对ERN细胞周期则无影响;(3)SUL阻滞F3Ⅱ细胞从G2期向M期转化的作用机制是提高Cdc2的磷酸化水平,降低Cdc25C磷酸化酶的表达,从而抑制细胞周期素B1-Cdc2复合物激酶的去磷酸化作用;(4)在实验条件下,SUL不引起F3Ⅱ细胞凋亡。结论:SUL对四个乳腺癌细胞系细胞增殖抑制活性和细胞周期影响存在明显的差异,不引起F3Ⅱ细胞凋亡。对F3Ⅱ细胞周期G2/M阻滞作用的机制是提高Cdc2的磷酸化水平,降低Cdc25C磷酸化酶的表达。     

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of new quinoxaline derivatives

A series of novel 5,7-diamino-3-phenyl-2-benzylamino, 2-phenoxy, and 2-thiophenyl substituted quinoxalines has been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity towards cell lines of nine different types of human cancers. Some of these compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth of a wide range of cancer cell lines generally at 10(-6) M, in some cases at 10(-7) M and 10(-8) M concentrations. Within this series the benzylamino quinoxaline derivatives 1b-7b were the most active, whereas compound 2c showed the highest MG_MD value (-5.66).     

Synthesis of 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylene-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one derivatives and in vitro anticancer evaluation against SW620 colon cancer cell line

A small library of 2-indolinone derivatives with the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring at the N(1) position and with varying substitutions including aryl groups at the 3-position were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by spectral analysis. All molecules were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity on SW620 colon cancer cell lines. Among the designed series compounds 4c, 4f and 4j were found to be active at concentrations of 2-15 microg/ml. Some 3D-QSAR models were also built to understand the structure-activity relationship.     

Synthesis of 2,4-diaryl chromenopyridines and evaluation of their topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship

Designed and synthesized were a series of 5H-chromeno[4,3-b]pyridines with substitution at 2- and 4-positions with various 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatics as antitumor agents. They were evaluated for topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activities as well as cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines. Structure-activity relationship study showed that 2-furyl or 2-thienyl at 2- or 4-position of central pyridine is crucial in displaying topo I or II inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 2-amino-4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-2-pyrazolino)-1,3,5-triazine derivatives

The syntheses and antitumor activities of novel 2-amino-4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-2-pyrazolino)-1,3,5-triazine derivatives 4-38 are described. All the compounds prepared were screened at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their activities against a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and relationships between structure and antitumor activity in vitro are discussed. The triazines 11, 16, 20, 23, 23 and 34-38 exhibited modest or fairly high activity against one or more human tumor cell lines. Prominent compound with remarkable activity (log GI50, < - 8.00- - 5.00) to all investigated cell lines and highly potent (log GI50 < - 8.00- - 7.64) against some cell lines of Leukemia (CCRF-CEM, K-562, RPMI-8226, SR), CNS Cancer (SF-539) and Breast Cancer (T-47D) was 2-[2-amino-4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-2-pyrazolino)-1,3,5-triazin-6-yl]-3-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)acrylonitrile (25).     

Isochaihulactone analogues: synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of novel dibenzylbutyrolactones

A series of dibenzyl-γ-butyrolactones bearing a hydroxyl group at the benzylic position of 3-benzyl group were synthesized as hydrated analogue of isochaihulactone and evaluated against breast cancer human cell lines (MDA-M231, MCF-7 and T47D). The target compounds were synthesized in 7 steps from known lactone; (S)-(+)-γ-benzyloxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone. The key step was the aldol condensation between (+)-(R)-β-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-γ-butyrolactone and substituted benzaldehydes which afforded corresponding α-hydroxybenzyl butyrolactone analogues. The cytotoxic study of the synthesized compounds against breast cancer human cell lines showed that some of them inhibit breast cancer human cell proliferation with percentage inhibitions over 50% at concentrations less than 50?μg/mL.     

Differential effects of Ca2+ on proliferation of stomach, colonic, and pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro

Calcium intake inhibits growth of colon cancer in vivo, the mechanisms of which are not fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine whether Ca2+ directly affects the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and to compare the effects of Ca2+ on the growth of several gastroenteropancreatic cancer cells, including mouse colon cancer (MC-26), human colon cancer (LoVo and WIDR), human gastric cancer (AGS and SII), and human pancreatic cancer (PANC-1 and MIA) cells. All tumor cell lines tested grew in medium containing low concentration (approx 0.16 mM) of Ca2+. Higher concentrations of Ca2+ significantly inhibited the growth of all three colon cancer cell lines tested but had no significant effect on proliferation of the stomach and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Growth of AGS cells, in the presence of 0.1 or 0.5 mM EGTA (resulting in the loss of the extracellular Ca2+) was similar to that observed in the absence of EGTA, indicating that AGS cells were relatively insensitive to loss of extracellular Ca2+. In the presence of TMB-8, an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ release, the growth of colonic cancer cell lines was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that a minimum basal level of intracellular Ca2+ was required for continued proliferation of colon cancer cells. The stomach cancer cell lines (AGS) was once again less sensitive to the effects of TMB-8 than were the colon cancer cells, indicating an inherent difference in Ca2+ requirements and sensitivity to Ca2+ for growth of different gastroenteropancreatic cancer cells in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

二十二碳六烯酸对人胰腺癌细胞增殖的抑制

目的探讨二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对人胰腺癌细胞株Patu8988和SW1990生长的作用。方法采用MTT法检测DHA作用后Patu8988和SW1990细胞的增殖,流式细胞术检测DHA作用后Patu8988和SWl990细胞的凋亡、细胞周期和肿瘤相关蛋白环氧合酶2（COX-2）的表达量。结果DHA作用人胰腺癌细胞株24、48、72h后,细胞的增殖受到明显抑制（P〈0．01）,同时DHA能诱导细胞凋亡,随着作用时间延长和作用剂量增加,效果越明显。50μg／ml DHA作用24h后,胰腺癌细胞的COX-2表达量下降（P〈0．05）。结论DHA能有效地抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖,同时诱导细胞凋亡,可能与COX-2在胰腺癌细胞中的表达下调有关。