Dynamics of changes in skin lipids after stress: Effects of exogenous melatonin

Changes in the skin lipid composition induced by water-immersion stress in rats treated and untreated with melatonin were studied by thin-layer chromatography. Skin lipids showed a delayed reaction to stress. Melatonin exerted a protective effect which was manifested on the 2nd day after treatment in restoration of the level of total lipids and the absolute content of the majority of lipid fractions. The data suggest modification of, the metabolic relationships between skin lipids as well as lipids of the blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 5, pp. 519–522, May, 1999     

Effects of saltwort plants on blood plasma lipids in rats during chronic alcohol intoxication and after ethanol withdrawal

Saltwort plants (salsocollin) ameliorated plasma contents of total lipids, triacylglycerols, and phosphatidylcholine in rats with alcohol intoxication, but had no effect on cholesterol and total phospholipid levels. Salsocollin did not prevent the increase in the levels of total lipids and triacylglycerols 3 days after ethanol withdrawal. During abstinence, salsocollin potentiated symptoms of ethanol withdrawal (7 days later) in relation to the content of total phospholipids, but normalized the levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and total lipids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp. 665–667, June, 1999     

Skin lipids in rats administered with melatonin

Effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on skin lipids in Wistar rats were studied by thinlayer chromatography. The reaction was shown to be delayed. Contents of total lipids and the majority of fractions increased over 24 h after administration of melatonin. Concentrations of triglycerides and phospholipids decreased, while the contents of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and free fatty acids increased by the end of the second day. Our findings indicate that the blood and subcutaneous fat, as well as changed metabolic interrelations of skin lipids are involved in the skin response to increased melatonin concentration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 4, pp. 463–465, April, 1999     

Multiresistance and lipid peroxidation system of thermoresistantShigella sonnei strains

The content of lipid peroxidation products increases in lipids isolated fromShigella sonnei after heating. Thermoresistant strains are characterized by higher activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and by stable activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase compared with thermolabile strains. Thermoresistant strains are also resistant to some antibiotics and hydrogen peroxide. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 69–71, July, 1996     

Effect of ozone on the liver in experimental chronic hepatitis

Short-term administration of ozonized physiological solution to rats with chronic toxic hepatitis reduces the content of total lipids in the liver tissue, activates antioxidant enzymes, normalizes the level of diene conjugates, and reliably increases adenosine nucleotides, the number of normal hepatocytes being increased 2.2-fold. The data suggest that ozone can be used as a stimulator of regeneration of the pathologically altered liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 238–240, August, 1996     

Ultrastructural,radioautographic, and morphometric analysis of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis

Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from patients with chronic gastritis are examined. The dynamics of structural changes occurring during the development of chronic inflammation is demonstrated and the ultrastructural changes in the mucosa cell populations are described, which together with the radioautographic analysis of biosynthetic reactions and morphometric data characterizes the complex structural and functional rearrangements in the gastric mucosa. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 103–108, July, 1996     

Formation of water-soluble complexes between phosphatidylcholine and methionine,carnosine, and glutathione in the presence of sodium hypochlorite

The interaction of phosphatidylcholine monolayers with methionine, carnosine, and glutathione in the presence of sodium hypochlorite is studied. A certain proportion of these components in the solution is shown to lead to the formation of water-soluble lipid-peptide and lipid-peptide-sodium hypochlorite complexes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 148–151, August, 1994 Presented by Yu. M. Lopukhin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Structural changes in the erythrocyte plasma membrane in dehydration

Changes in the lipid bilayer and glycocalyx of the erythrocyte plasma membrane are studied by the method of spin labels in dehydrated rats. No appreciable chantes are found in the membrane of erythrocytes from rats deprived of water for 3 days. Changes occur in the glycocalyx after a 6-day dehydration, while a 12-day dehydration induces irreversible changes in the plasma membrane lipids and the erythrocyte surface areas. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 10, pp. 402–404, October, 1996     

Enhanced blood activity of selenic glutathione peroxidase in patients with coronary heart disease after treatment with selenium-containing antioxidant preparation adrusen zinco

This study analyzed the effects of nutriceutic Adrusen Zinco containing vitamin E and prosthetic groups of antioxidant enzymes (selenium, copper, zinc) on the parameters of free radical oxidation of blood lipids in patients with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia. Adrusen Zinco considerably increased activity of erythrocyte and serum selenic glutathione peroxidase as soon as after 1-month treatment, while erythrocyte SOD activity significantly increased only after 2 months. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 277–279, March, 2000     

DNA-Bound lipids of thermoresistant and thermolabileShigella sonnei strains

Thin-layer chromatography of DNA-bound lipids of thermolabile and thermoresistantShigella sonnei strains shows a lower content of neutral lipids and higher contents of polyglycerophosphatides and cholesterol in thermoresistant strains. This is regarded as a factor providing for the active state of DNA. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 332–333, September, 1995     

Effect of picrotoxin-induced seizures on lipid composition of cortical tissue homogenate and its nuclear fraction in rats

The content of lipids in rat cortical tissue homogenate and fraction of neuronal nuclei was determined under normal conditions and after picrotoxin-induced seizures. Changes in lipid composition of homogenate and nuclear fraction differed considerably. In homogenate, the content of sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and total phospholipids increased, while the content of free fatty acid remained unchanged; in the nuclear fraction the total phospholipid content decreased, while the concentration of free fatty acids increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 292–294, September 2000     

Effect of picrotoxin-induced seizures on lipid composition of cortical tissue homogenate and its nuclear fraction in rats

The content of lipids in rat cortical tissue homogenate and fraction of neuronal nuclei was determined under normal conditions and after picrotoxin-induced seizures. Changes in lipid composition of homogenate and nuclear fraction differed considerably. In homogenate, the content of sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and total phospholipids increased, while the content of free fatty acid remained unchanged; in the nuclear fraction the total phospholipid content decreased, while the concentration of free fatty acids increased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 292–294, September 2000     

Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes

The duration of lag phase of ascorbate-dependent free radical oxidation of endogenous polyenic lipids in rat liver and myocardium considerably increased after oral administration of lacrinat containing licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder for 1 month. Lacrinat markedly decreased the content of lipid peroxides in rat liver.Ex vivo antioxidant effects of lacrinat in rat liver were comparable with those of β-carotene-containing preparations carinat and carinat CD. Parapharmaceutics containing both licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder and β-carotene (carinat forte) markedly increased antioxidant activity of the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 2000     

Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes

The duration of lag phase of ascorbate-dependent free radical oxidation of endogenous polyenic lipids in rat liver and myocardium considerably increased after oral administration of lacrinat containing licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder for 1 month. Lacrinat markedly decreased the content of lipid peroxides in rat liver.Ex vivo antioxidant effects of lacrinat in rat liver were comparable with those of β-carotene-containing preparations carinat and carinat CD. Parapharmaceutics containing both licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder and β-carotene (carinat forte) markedly increased antioxidant activity of the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 2000     

Lipid spectrum of erythrocyte membranes in cancer patients

In patients with untreated tumors (lung cancer, head and neck tumors, stomach and colon cancer), erythrocyte membranes are characterized by a decreased content of total lipids together with increased percentage of cholesterol and lysophosphatidylcholine in comparison with healthy individuals. The observed shifts depend on tumor location. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 8, pp. 204–206, August, 1998     

A novel mutation occurring in the PHO80 gene suppresses the PHO4 c mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary We have isolated suppressors of a PHO4 ^c (a positive regulator) mutant which normally confers weak constitutivity for acid phosphatase production on the Saccharomyces cell. One dominant suppressor (PHO80-2) was found to be an allele of PHO80 (a negative regulator) that changes G to A, resulting in substitution of isoleucine for methionine 42 of the Pho80 protein. Substitution of valine (PHO80-3) or leucine (PHO80-4) for the same methionine by site-directed mutagenesis also suppressed PHO ^c. Suppression by PHO80-2) did show some allele specificity. From these results we were able to delimit the region of PHo80 which may interact with the Pho4 protein.     

Effect of oxidized cholesterol derivatives on lymphokine-stimulated macrophage differentiation and primary allogenic mixed culture of human lymphocytes

Products of cholesterol oxidation, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, in a dose of 1 μg/ml considerably suppress proliferative response in a primary one-way mixed culture of human lymphocytes and have no effect on spontaneous proliferation. Preliminary 18-h separate culturing of the stimulator and responders with these lipids shows that inhibiting effect of these lipids on cell proliferation is associated with their influence on both stimulator and, to a greater extent, responders. Both lipids in the same dose inhibit accumulation of HLA-DR-positive macrophages in a 4-day culture of peripheral blood adherent cells stimulated with lymphokine-containing supernatant. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 655–657, December, 1997     

Similarity of immunomodulating, phagocytosis-modulating, and antitoxic properties of dipeptides and their constituent amino acids

Immunomodulating, phagocytosis-modulating, and antitoxic properties of dipeptides depend on activities of their constituent amino acids. Some amino acids have considerable promise for efficient prevention of occupational diseases caused by chronic benzene intoxication. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp. 674–676, June, 1999     

Kinetics of lipid unsaturation in blood plasma of mice with Lewis carcinoma

The extreme nature of changes of lipid unsaturation in plasma of mice with Lewis carcinoma is demonstrated. The maximal activation of lipid peroxidation is observed on days 7–9 after transplantation and correlates with the exponential growth of the tumor. From the 9th day the level of double bonds in plasma lipids increases, this coinciding with the first appearance of metastases in the lungs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 631–632, December, 1994 Presented by S. M. Navashin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Delayed-type hypersensitivity and the pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fever (African swine fever)

A potent inhibition of leukocyte migration, as high as 98%, was observed in superacute and acute forms and exacerbation of the chronic form of African swine fever. In an asymptomatic infection the inhibition is no more than 30%. Inhibition of the migration of porcine leukocytes infected in a cell culture was 73 to 90% after infection with four virulent strains and 15 to 36% after infection with two attenuated strains. The data onin vitro andin vivo leukocyte sensitization in African swine fever are indicative of a correlation between the severity of the pathogenetic picture of the disease and the degree of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 168–170, August, 1994 Presented by A. A. Vorob'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences