吸入性损伤气管切开指征及时机探讨

目的：探讨吸入性损伤病人气管切开的指征与时机。方法：回顾性总结137例吸入性损伤的处理方法。其中轻、中、重度吸入性损伤分别为65例、49例、23例。行气管切开术42例。结果：全组死亡49例，病死率与烧伤伤情有一定关系。但主要死因仍为吸入性损伤程度，24小时之内行气管切开者病死率偏低。结论：中、重度吸入性损伤宜尽早实行气管切开治疗，以降低死亡率。     

吸入性损伤早期气管切开时机的临床研究

目的:探讨吸入性损伤早期气管切开时机。方法:将183例吸入性损伤病例以8 h为界,分为两组,轻、中、重度吸入性损伤分别为96例、57例和30例,行气管切开者84例。结果:全组死亡22例,8 h以内吸入性损伤按照气管切开参考指标,经气管切开者死亡率与8小时以后经气管切开者死亡率比较,2χ=9.099,P=0.003<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:吸入性损伤根据气管切开参考指征,对符合标准的早期预防性切开,大大降低了死亡率。     

吸入性损伤患者气管切开时机的选择

目的 探讨吸入性损伤患者行气管切开的时机和指征.方法 对52例烧伤合并气道吸入性损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按气管切开手术不同时机分为预防性气管切开组(37例)与紧急气管切开组(15例),比较两组患者的烧伤面积、吸入性损伤程度及预后情况.结果 预防性气管切开组烧伤面积50.63±26.81(TBSA%),其中轻度吸入性损伤4例,中度9例,重度24例,治疗后死亡5例;15例患者行紧急气管切开术,烧伤面积29.28±17.67(TBSA%),其中轻度6例,中度6例,重度3例,治疗后死亡7例.与紧急气管切开组比较,预防性气管切开组患者的烧伤面积大(P＜0.01),损伤程度重(P＜0.05),而死亡率低(P＜0.05).结论 对于烧伤合并吸入性损伤患者,尽早行预防性气管切开术可有效降低死亡率.     

头颈部大面积烧伤患者气管切开的时机与指征探讨

目的探讨头颈部大面积烧伤伴吸入性损伤患者气管切开的时机与指征。方法烧伤后1 h～12 h行气管切开术74例,24 h后行气管切开术2例。结果死亡1例,植物状态生存1例。气管切开时颈部有环状或半环状焦痂28例,烧伤后口唇黏膜水肿外翻似＂鱼嘴状＂2例,口鼻内大量血清样渗出32例。结论头颈部大面积烧伤伴吸入性损伤时喉梗阻危象的发生是导致烧伤患者死亡的重要原因,强调在烧伤后早期及时进行气管切开术,可降低患者喉梗阻危象的发生率和病死率。     

13例严重烧伤伴重度吸入性损伤的治疗

目的：探讨重度吸入性损伤的治疗,提高治愈率。方法：对13例患者行预防性气管切开术,气管切开前行鼻导管吸氧,切开后予以气道湿化吸氧并及时吸痰,应用抗生素控制全身感染。结果：13例重度吸入性损伤患者12例治愈,1例死亡。结论：预防性气管切开是吸入性损伤抢救成功的关键,气道湿化、吸氧和保持气道通畅是治疗吸入性损伤的重要措施。     

吸入性烧伤气管切开的时机选择与指征

目的:探讨吸入性烧伤患者进行气管切开的最佳时机和可行性,以提高吸入性烧伤的治疗效果。方法:对86例吸入性烧伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按行气管切开手术不同时机将患者分为预防性气管切开组(72例和紧急气管切开组(14例)。预防性气管切开组在烧伤后(5.12±2.21)h行气管切开术,紧急气管切开组在烧伤后(23.24±2.36)h行气管切开术。比较两组患者血氧分压、氧饱和度、相关生命指征、呼吸频率及预后情况。结果:行预防性气管切开组72例患者,有效70例,死亡2例。紧急气管切开组14例,死亡9例。预防性气管切开组较紧急气管切开组死亡率降低有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论:吸入性烧伤中重度患者及早进行预防性气管切开术可有效减少并发症,降低死亡率。     

三例严重烧伤伴重度吸入性损伤的治疗

目的 :探讨重度吸入性损伤的治疗 ,提高治愈率。方法 :对 3例患者行预防性气管切开术 ,气管切开前行鼻导管吸氧 ,切开后予以气道湿化吸氧并及时吸痰 ,应用头孢哌酮、泰能和重组生长激素控制全身感染。结果 :3例重度吸入性损伤患者均被治愈。结论 :预防性气管切开是吸入性损伤抢救成功的关键 ,气道湿化、吸氧和保持气道通畅是治疗吸入性损伤的重要措施。     

重型颅脑损伤早期气管切开的临床意义

目的:探讨早期气管切开在降低重型颅脑损伤患者病死率中的作用。方法:2005年2月~2009年2月,我院共收治90例重型颅脑损伤患者。根据受伤到气管切开的时间分两组,A组47例:伤后12 h内行气管切开术;B组43例:伤后12 h后行气管切开术。结果:A组治愈25人,中残11人,重残5人,死亡6人,病死率为12.7%;B组治愈16人,中残10人,重残7人,死亡10人,病死率为23.2%。结论:早期气管切开术是抢救重症颅脑损伤的重要环节,保持呼吸道通畅可明显降低重型颅脑损伤患者的病死率,提高其治愈率及生存率。     

面颈部烧伤合并吸入性损伤预防性气管切开的临床分析

目的:探讨面颈部烧伤合并吸入性损伤患者行预防性气管切开的时机和可行性,以降低死亡率。方法:对92例面颈部烧伤合并气道吸入性损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,按气管切开手术不同时机分为预防性气管切开组75例与紧急气管切开组17例。比较两组患者急性呼吸道梗阻发生率、死亡率及相关并发症发生率。结果:预防性气管切开组75例,治疗后死亡2例;延迟气管切开组17例,治疗后死亡13例。预防性气管切开组急性上气道梗阻发生率为0,死亡率2.6%,延迟切开组急性上气道梗阻发生率为70.5%,延迟气管切开组死亡13例,死亡率76.4%。预防切开组无术中窒息发生,肺部感染2例(10.6%),术后无脱管发生。延迟切开组术中窒息出现4例(23.5%),肺部感染7例(41.1),术后脱管3例。结果经t检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气管食管瘘、气管狭窄两组经1年随访,术后均未出现。差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:面颈部并吸入性损伤的患者,应当机立断,放宽手术指征,尽早、及时地行气管切开术,防止呼吸道梗阻,减少并发症,降低死亡率。     

三例严重烧伤伴重度吸入性损伤的治疗

目的：探讨重度吸入性损伤的治疗,提高治愈率。方法：对3例患者行预防性气管切开术,气管切开前行鼻导管吸氧,切开后予以气道湿化吸氧并及时吸痰,应用头孢哌酮、泰能和重组生长激素控制全身感染。结果：3例重度吸入性损伤患者均被治愈。结论：预防性气管切开是吸入性损伤抢救成功的关键,气道湿化、吸氧和保持气道通畅是治疗吸入性损伤的重要措施。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.