清热复方制剂用于急性咽炎治疗的药理实验研究

目的研究清热复方制剂对急性咽炎的抗炎、镇痛作用及对急性咽炎动物模型的影响。方法采用蛋清致大鼠足肿胀、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、醋酸致小鼠扭体、热刺激致小鼠疼痛等实验方法研究清热复方制剂的抗炎及镇痛作用,采用25%氨水咽部喷雾方法建立大鼠急性咽炎模型,进行模型病理组织学检查。结果清热复方制剂能有效地抑制大鼠足肿胀度,延长小鼠疼痛反应时间,减少小鼠发生扭体的次数,同时阳性药对照组、清热复方制剂低、中、高剂量组咽部组织的粘膜上皮增生程度和炎细胞浸润程度与模型组比较均降低。结论清热复方制剂具有抗炎、镇痛作用,能缓解对氨水所致大鼠咽部粘膜上皮增生程度及炎细胞浸润程度,提高机体对急性咽炎的防治作用。     

麝冰菖喷雾剂中挥发油微乳制备的研究

目的研究麝冰菖喷雾剂中挥发油微乳的制备。方法采用吐温-80为表面活性剂，无水乙醇为助表面活性剂，石菖蒲挥发油作油相，借助三元相图的研究手段确定表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的最佳用量。结果吐温-80与乙醇量的比为3：1．处方量挥发油形成微乳，稳定分散于制剂中。结论通过微乳增加石菖蒲挥发油在制剂的溶解度，可提高麝冰菖喷雾剂的稳定性。     

泰山散瘀膏抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：研究泰山散瘀膏的抗炎镇痛作用.方法：取小鼠32 只,随机分为致炎液实验组及致炎液对照组、冰醋酸实验组及冰醋酸对照组,每组8 只,利用致炎液建小鼠耳廓肿胀模型,观察泰山散瘀膏的抗炎作用;采用小鼠醋酸扭体法研究泰山散瘀膏的镇痛作用.结果：泰山散瘀膏能显著降低小鼠耳廓肿胀程度,显著抑制冰醋酸所知疼痛后的扭体次数.结论：泰山散瘀膏具有明显的抗炎阵痛作用.     

水杨酸甲酯的微乳制备研究

目的:制备水杨酸甲酯微乳。方法:采用吐温—80为表面活性剂,水杨酸甲酯作油相,借助伪三元相图的研究手段确定表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的最佳配比。结果:吐温—80与异丙醇的比为1∶1,挥发油的微乳区最大,最易形成微乳且稳定分散于制剂中。结论:通过微乳可增加挥发油在制剂的溶解度,可提高药物的稳定性。     

虫草花提取物抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的：探究虫草花是否甘具有抗炎镇痛作用，为临床的炎症、疼痛提供新的治疗方法。方法：通过小鼠给药前后热板试验测定其疼痛阈值，并通过扭体镇痛实验与耳足肿胀实验测定受试样品的抗炎镇痛作用。结果：在热板试验和扭体阵痛试验中，虫草花水提物对疼痛并无缓解作用。在足肿胀和耳肿胀试验中，虫苹花水提物具有较好的抗炎作用。结论：虫草花水提物具有与地塞米松相当的抗炎作用，且副作用小。     

麝冰菖喷雾剂中挥发油微乳制备的研究

目的研究麝冰菖喷雾剂中挥发油微乳的制备。方法采用吐温-80为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂,石菖蒲挥发油作油相,借助三元相图的研究手段确定表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的最佳用量。结果吐温-80与乙醇量的比为3:1,处方量挥发油形成微乳,稳定分散于制剂中。结论通过微乳增加石菖蒲挥发油在制剂的溶解度,可提高麝冰菖喷雾剂的稳定性。     

强脊壮步胶囊治疗腰椎间盘突出症的主要药效学与急性毒性实验研究

目的:对强脊壮步胶囊主要药效学与急性毒性进行实验研究。方法:以醋酸致小鼠扭体实验和热板刺激致小鼠舔后足实验为镇痛药效学指标,以二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验和甲醛致小鼠足肿胀实验为抗炎药效学指标,研究强脊壮步胶囊的镇痛、抗炎作用;同时考察了强脊壮步胶囊的一日最大给药量。结果:强脊壮步胶囊具有一定的抗炎、镇痛作用,可明显延长疼痛潜伏期,降低耳廓与后足趾的肿胀度;小鼠灌胃的最大给药量为50g/kg,最大给药量是临床用药量的463倍。结论:强脊壮步胶囊具有一定的镇痛抗炎作用,急性毒性试验结果提示该药按临床剂量短期内使用安全。     

渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎镇痛实验研究

目的探讨渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎和镇痛作用。方法通过热板法和冰醋酸致痛试验、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀试验、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀试验,对渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏进行镇痛抗炎方面的药效学评价。结果渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型可有效提高小鼠痛阈值,减少小鼠扭体反应次数,抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足趾肿胀和抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀。结论渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型有较好的镇痛抗炎作用,且在方便使用的基础上,优于原剂型渭良伤科散的镇痛抗炎作用。     

渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎镇痛实验研究

目的探讨渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏的抗炎和镇痛作用。方法通过热板法和冰醋酸致痛试验、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀试验、二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀试验,对渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏进行镇痛抗炎方面的药效学评价。结果渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型可有效提高小鼠痛阈值,减少小鼠扭体反应次数,抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足趾肿胀和抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀。结论渭良伤科散超微粉巴布膏中、高剂量的剂型有较好的镇痛抗炎作用,且在方便使用的基础上,优于原剂型渭良伤科散的镇痛抗炎作用。     

荭草煎剂对小鼠抗炎镇痛作用初探

目的 探讨荭草的抗炎、镇痛作用.方法 采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀,观察高、中、低剂量荭草水煎剂的抗炎作用;采用热板法致痛,观察高、中、低剂量荭草水煎剂的镇痛作用.结果 高、中、低剂量荭草水煎剂明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓的肿胀度,与生理盐水对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与赖氨匹林组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).高剂量荭草水煎剂显著提高热板法所致小鼠的痛阈值,与生理盐水对照组比较和自身给药前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);中剂量荭草水煎剂给药后30、60 min显著提高热板法所致小鼠的痛阈值,与生理盐水对照组比较和自身给药前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 荭草水煎剂具有抗炎、镇痛作用.     

沐浴藏盐对动物抗炎、镇痛作用的初步探讨

[目的]研究沐浴藏盐对动物的抗炎、镇痛作用,便于将其开发利用,以达到强身健体,特别是用于妇女病的防治和治疗。[方法]抗炎作用用皮肤毛细血管通透性亢进法和腹腔毛细血管通透性亢进法。镇痛作用用扭体法和电击法。[结果]毛细血管通透性亢进试验,以皮肤兰斑色泽深浅比较,3个试验组数值明显低于生理盐水对照组,表明本品有明显抑制小鼠腹部毛细血管通透性亢进作用;小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透试验结果,各试验组腹腔洗涤液兰色均比对照组浅,数值均低于对照组。表明“藏浴宝”有明显抑制H^＋所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性亢进作用;扭体试验、电击试验、祛风镇痛百分率分别为65%、60%。[结论]“藏浴宝”有较好的抗炎、祛风镇痛作用。     

乳剂与膏剂消炎效果的比较

目的：研究乳剂与膏剂消炎效果方法：将50只雄性小白鼠随机分为正常对照组、石灰搽剂对照组、薄荷油乳剂组、风油精乳剂组、红霉素软膏组。正常对照组耳部涂抹生理盐水,阳性对照组耳部涂抹石灰搽剂,薄荷油乳剂组涂抹薄荷油乳剂,风油精乳剂组涂抹风油精乳剂,红霉素软膏组涂抹风油精乳剂。以抑制率和肿胀率为指标区分消炎效果。结果：阳性对照组、薄荷油乳剂组、风油精乳剂组、红霉素软膏组较正常对照组肿胀率和抑制率均有降低,乳剂组的消炎效果比膏剂组的消炎效果更明显。     

An investigation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Nigella sativa seed polyphenols

Extracts obtained from the seeds of Nigella sativa are used as a spice or remedy for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of its polyphenols. N. sativa seed polyphenols were prepared, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were studied in mice and rats using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, light tail flick, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and croton oil-induced ear edema tests. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, oral administration of N. sativa polyphenols (NSP) decreased the number of abdominal constrictions. Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of NSP significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner the nociceptive response in the early and late phases of the formalin test, and the effect on the late phase was more pronounced. Pretreatment with naloxone failed to reverse the analgesic activity of NSP in this test. NSP did not produce a significant analgesia in the light tail flick test in mice. Oral administration of NSP did not produce a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema. However, when injected intraperitoneally, NSP inhibited paw edema in a dosedependent manner. NSP when applied topically failed to reduce croton oil-induced ear edema. These results suggest that NSP have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The lack of analgesic effect of NSP in the light tail flick test and also the failure of naloxone to reverse the analgesia in the formalin test reveal that mechanisms other than stimulation of opioid receptors are involved.     

Effects of D-002, a product isolated from beeswax, on gastric symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis treated with piroxicam: a pilot study

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are indicated for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but often induce gastric adverse experiences (AE), including gastric ulcers and complications. Inhibitors of proton pump and H(2) antagonists are very effective for duodenal ulcer; meanwhile, cytoprotective drugs are more effective for gastric ulcer. D-002 is a mixture of higher aliphatic alcohols obtained from beeswax, wherein triacontanol is the most abundant. D-002 induces anti-ulcer effects through a cytoprotective mechanism, being more effective in protecting against ethanol- and NSAID-induced ulcers. The present double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was undertaken to investigate the effects of D-002 on gastric symptoms associated to piroxicam use on patients suffering osteoarthritis. Fifty-nine patients, all taking piroxicam, 20 mg/day, were randomized to placebo or D-002 (40 or 100 mg/day) for 14 days. The primary efficacy variable was the reduction on the frequency of patients with gastric AE compared with placebo. Pain evolution was investigated to discard any influence on D-002 on the analgesic effect of piroxicam. The frequency of patients treated with D-002, 40 and 100 mg/day, reporting acidity [0 of 18 (0%) and 1 of 21 (4.8%), respectively] was lower (P < .05) than in placebo [6 of 20 (30%)]. Also, the frequency of patients treated with 100 mg/day reporting some gastric AE [5 of 21 (23.8%)] was lower (P < .05) than in placebo [13 of 20 (65.0%)]. The analgesic effect of piroxicam was unaffected with D-002. Treatment was well tolerated. Two patients discontinued from the study because of gastrointestinal AE: one in the placebo group and the other treated with D-002, 40 mg/day. Other three patients discontinued because of other AE: mildly uncontrolled hypertension (one in the placebo group, one treated with D-002, 40 mg/day) and headache (one treated with D-200, 100 mg/day). It is concluded that D-002 could be useful for controlling gastric AE of patients treated with NSAIDs, although further studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed for definitive conclusions.     

Evaluation of a new premedication protocol for administration of equine rabies immunoglobulin in patients with hypersensitivity

OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to standardize skin testing and to develop a safe and effective premedication protocol for administration of ERIG in those with skin test positivity/hypersensitivity. METHODS: A method of grading of skin testing was developed using injection histamine as a positive control. This was evaluated by using it on 517 subjects who had severe (WHO category III) exposure to rabies. A premedication protocol consisting of injections pheniramine, ranitidine, hydrocortisone and adrenaline was evaluated by using it on fifty one subjects who were skin test positive/hypersensitive to ERIG. RESULTS: The premedication protocol was safe and effective as all the S1 subjects could be administered the full dose of ERIG despite being skin test positive/hypersensitive to ERIG. Besides the premedication drugs/protocol did not affect the immune response to vaccine and ERIG therapy.     

Comparison the analgesic effects of single dose administration of tramadol or piroxicam on postoperative pain after cesarean delivery

A multimodal approach to postcesarean pain management may enhance analgesia and reduce side effects after surgery. We investigated postoperative pain in a double-blinded, randomized, single-dose comparison of the monoaminergic and mu-opioid agonist tramadol, 100 mg (Group T) and piroxicam 20 mg (Group P) given IM alone--single dose in 150 patients who had elective cesarean delivery. All patients were assessed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours post operation for pain degree (by Visual Analogue Score: VAS 1-10), nausea and vomiting. Pain degree was classified as: Painless: 0, Mild: 1-4, Moderate: 5-8, Severe: 9-10. There was no significant difference between the efficacy of tramadol and piroxicam injections (P > 0.05). Pain intensity decreased markedly over time in both groups. Mean +/- SEM pain degrees were as follows: P = 7.7 +/- 0.5, T = 8.2 +/- 0.8 after 0 hours; P=5.4 +/- 0.6, T = 6.1 +/- 0.5 after 6 hours; P=3.3 +/- 0.4, T = 3.4 +/- 0.7 after 12 hours; P = 1.1 +/- 0.4, T = 1.3 +/- 0.5 after 24 hours of surgery. Side effects were similarly minimal with all treatments. It might be concluded that i.m. injections of 20 mg piroxicam (single dose therapy) could relieve postoperative pain after cesarean section as well as tramadol and it could reduce opioid analgesic requirements with less adverse side effects during the first postoperative 24 h.     

育发产品的毒理学安全性评价

目的 研究育发产品的毒理学安全性，为相关产品开发利用提供毒理学依据。方法 通过急性眼刺激试验、多次皮肤刺激性试验、皮肤变态反应试验、皮肤光毒性试验、Ames试验和体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验进行毒理学评价。结果 新西兰白兔急性眼刺激反应和多次皮肤刺激性反应均为轻刺激级，豚鼠的皮肤变态反应、皮肤光毒性反应均为阴性，Ames试验中各剂量组4种菌株的回变菌落数均小于相应的阳性对照组的2倍，体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验中各剂量组致畸变率小于阳性对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.005）。结论 该育发产品仅造成轻微眼刺激和皮肤刺激，无致突变和致畸性，在本试验剂量和观察指标范围内，其作为化妆品是安全的。     

联合应用布比卡因与地塞米松对经鼻蝶入路手术患者术后镇痛疗效的观察

目的：观察地塞米松与布比卡因联合应用于经鼻蝶入路患者术后的镇痛疗效。方法：将120例筛选患者随机数字表法分成两组,对照组接受布比卡因,实验组给予布比卡因加地塞米松。两组患者均接受全身麻醉,诱导麻醉成功后,立即进行双侧局部神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组患者术后疼痛评分和需要止痛剂的量及频次。结果：术后1、2、4、6和12 h,实验组VAS疼痛评分均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,但术后24 h后两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。实验组术后需要口服或肌注镇痛剂的患者显著少于对照组（P〈0.05）。术中或术后24 h未发现相关并发症。结论：布比卡因联合地塞米松可减少经鼻蝶入路手术患者术后的疼痛和对镇痛药的需求,且未发现急性或短期术后并发症。     

聚硅氧烷季铵盐微乳液的织物抗菌性能研究

目的探讨聚硅氧烷季铵盐微乳液的抗菌性能。方法以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌为考核菌,采用抑菌圈法和振荡烧瓶法定性和定量检测抗菌整理剂的效果。结果聚硅氧烷季铵盐微乳液的最低抑菌浓度为2%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果优于大肠杆菌,对酵母菌亦有较好的抑菌效果,纯棉坯布对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最佳,洗涤30次后抑菌率仍高达92.34%,保存6个月后其抑菌率仍保持99.96%。结论经聚硅氧烷季铵盐微乳液整理的纯棉坯布抗菌性能好,具有一定的抗菌耐洗性和稳定性。