关节镜下紧缩术治疗重度膝内侧副韧带断裂

目的探讨关节镜下紧缩术治疗重度膝内侧副韧带断裂，并评价其临床治疗效果。方法关节镜下探查12例膝内侧副韧带及其他主要结构的损伤，对Ⅲ度膝内侧副韧带体部断裂进行紧缩术。结果12例患者平均随访6～30个月，Lysholm评分由术前40．0分提高到80．6分，所有患者屈膝30。外翻应力试验阴性，应力下摄X线片示双膝内侧关节间隙差异从术前9．5mm减少至3．3mm。结论早期关节镜下重度膝内侧副韧带断裂紧缩术，具有损伤小、早期恢复膝关节稳定性的优点。     

关节镜辅助下治疗膝内侧副韧带损伤

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤是常见的运动性疾病，是膝关节不稳定的重要因素，常导致股部肌肉萎缩和膝关节骨性关节炎，早期正确诊断和治疗非常重要。本科自2001年以来，共收治13例患者，均在关节镜辅助下行韧带修补重建手术，获得良好效果。     

重度膝内侧副韧带断裂的手术治疗

目的探讨重度膝内侧副韧带断裂的手术治疗。方法对12例内侧副韧带严重断裂采取手术治疗,损伤程度均是Ⅲ度,即内侧副韧带的浅、深层完全断裂,部分患者伴有内侧关节囊韧带或前、后交叉韧带断裂。手术方法按解剖对合内侧副韧带采用直接缝合法或U形钉内固定。术后随访6～24月。结果12例患者按Lysholm膝关节评分法评分,比较术前(平均为35分)、术后(平均为78分)得分,P<0.05。结论重度膝关节内侧副韧带断裂的早期手术疗效佳。     

膝内侧副韧带松解技术在内侧间室狭窄半月板损伤关节镜手术中的应用

目的 探讨经皮针刺拉花松解膝内侧副韧带技术在内侧间隙狭窄内侧半月板损伤关节镜手术中用于扩大膝关节内侧间隙的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析自2018-05-2019-09采用关节镜手术治疗的16例合并膝内侧间隙狭窄的内侧半月板损伤,术中采用经皮针刺拉花松解内侧副韧带技术增加膝内侧间室的镜下显露范围与手术操作空间,顺利完...     

膝内侧半月板“湾征”对内侧副韧带断裂的诊断意义

目的内侧副韧带损伤后,关节镜下可见内侧半月板上滑膜缘完全显示,类似海湾形状,称为"海湾全景征"(简称"湾征"),判断其作为诊断膝内侧副韧带断裂标志体征的可靠性及意义。方法 2007年3月-2011年3月,纳入59例MRI检查提示内侧副韧带断裂患者作为观察组,其中男38例,女21例;年龄16～39岁,平均23.2岁;单纯内侧副韧带断裂12例,合并外侧半月板损伤16例,前交叉韧带损伤27例,前、后交叉韧带损伤3例,髌骨脱位1例。68例MRI检查提示无内侧副韧带断裂患者作为对照组,其中男45例,女23例;年龄25～49岁,平均31.8岁;前交叉韧带损伤38例,前、后交叉韧带损伤4例,前交叉韧带合并外侧半月板损伤26例。两组治疗前后行关节镜探查比较"湾征"出现情况。结果观察组膝内侧副韧带修复重建前关节镜探查均见"湾征",明确内侧副韧带断裂;修复重建后"湾征"消失。对照组交叉韧带重建前后均未见"湾征"。结论 "湾征"可作为关节镜下膝内侧副韧带断裂的诊断指征,以及术中韧带修复重建成功与否的判断依据。     

全关节镜下深层内侧副韧带松解在内侧半月板后角撕裂修复中的应用

目的 :探讨全关节镜下由内向外的多点针刺松解深层内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL)技术治疗合并膝关节内侧间隙狭窄的内侧半月板后角(posterior horn of medial meniscus,PHMM)撕裂的安全性和有效性。方法:自2016年1月至2017年12月,将膝关节镜下手术治疗的61例(61膝)合并膝关节内侧间隙狭窄的PHMM损伤患者根据在术中显露PHMM区域的不同分为外翻组和松解组。外翻组28例,男12例,女16例;年龄27～60(35.75±7.57)岁;采用传统的外翻膝关节操作方法显露PHMM区域进行手术。松解组33例,男15例,女18例;年龄26～58(36.06±7.93)岁;采用MM-Ⅱ半月板外内缝合套装由内向外的多点针刺松解深层MCL技术显露PHMM区域进行手术。记录两组患者的手术时间,比较手术前后膝关节功能Lysholm评分及MCL损伤情况。结果:两组患者均获得随访,时间12～18(15.19±2.22)个月。术后切口均Ⅰ级愈合。两组患者PHMM解剖分型比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。外翻组手术时间(83.32±5.01) min与松解组(50.06±3.67) min比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后3个月Lysholm评分均较术前显著提高(P0.05),且松解组的Lysholm评分总分高于外翻组(P0.05)。按照Lysholm评分标准,外翻组优7例,良12例,中7例,差2例;松解组优19例,良10例,中4例;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术中外翻组对MCL损伤情况(0度15例,Ⅰ度10例,Ⅱ度3例,Ⅲ度0例)明显高于松解组(0度28例,Ⅰ度5例,Ⅱ度0例,Ⅲ度0例),但术后1个月两组MCL损伤比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:全关节镜下由内向外的多点针刺松解深层MCL技术治疗合并膝关节内侧间隙狭窄的内PHMM撕裂,可有效扩大膝关节内侧间隙空间,缩短手术时间,减少MCL的损伤,临床疗效显著。     

单侧夹板治疗膝关节内侧副韧带部分断裂

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤占膝关节韧带损伤的首位，我们从1990年～1995年采用单侧夹板加弹性绷带缠绕外固定治疗膝关节内侧副韧带部分断裂31例，效果满意，介绍如下。临床资料本组31例中，男18例，女13例；年龄I6～55岁；所有病例均于伤后1周内得到治疗。治疗方法1．用材置备：（）夹板1块，由杉木皮制成。长：相当于患者下肢大腿中点至小腿中点的长度。宽：上端7～scm，下端5～6cm。内村棉纸。（）棉垫2块．由棉花制成，规格7Cmx7cmXZcm。（）弹性绷带2卷，规格7·soulX2·25cm。（4）硬纸壳1块一由胶布街制成，长15cm，宽为胶布筒的1半。2…     

膝内侧副韧带损伤治疗现状及进展

<正>内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤是膝部最常见的韧带损伤之一。随着运动伤和交通伤等增多,内侧副韧带损伤的发病率不断增高。膝MCL损伤后由于误诊或未采取适当治疗(如休息或石膏固定),损伤的内侧副韧带在被拉长的状态下愈合,使膝关节内侧结构松弛,继而导致韧带对胫骨的制导和限制作用功能缺     

骨锚钉治疗膝内侧副韧带断裂

在2011年5月～2012年1月,我院应用带线骨锚钉固定治疗18例单纯膝内侧副韧带完全断裂患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组18例,男11例,女7例,年龄27～69(43±4.2)岁。全     

缝线锚钉治疗膝内侧副韧带断裂

2007年5月～2010年12月,我院采用膝内侧切口切开复位缝线锚钉治疗17例膝内侧副韧带断裂患者,疗效满意. 1材料与方法 1.1病例资料本组17例,男11例,女6例,年龄18～52岁.左膝10例,右膝7例.受伤原因:车祸伤10例,运动伤4例,摔伤3例.所有患者膝外翻试验均阳性,为Ⅲ度损伤.术前予X线片、MRI检查明确诊断.受伤至手术时间3～13 d. 1.2手术方法采用硬膜外麻醉或腰麻.取膝内侧正中切口,上至内收肌结节近侧3 cm,向下行于髌骨内侧3 cm;确定韧带断裂处,将韧带附着骨面给予适当处理毛糙,少许渗血,将缝线锚钉呈45°角拧入骨面,钉尾带线将断裂韧带做编织缝合.检查侧方应力试验,观察缝合处韧带牢固情况.     

制动对兔膝内侧副韧带的影响

目的:探讨12周制动对兔内侧副韧带生物力学与形态学的影响。方法:选用15只兔,10只行右后肢膝关节全屈曲位内固定12周。取内侧副韧带进行生物力学测试和形态学观察。结果:MCL横截面积缩小,最大负荷、能量吸收明显减少,与对侧和正常比较有显著性差异(P<001或P<005),最大应力、弹性模量、材料常数等材料特性指标也存在显著性差异。应力—应变曲线与对侧和正常组呈分离状态。胶原纤维排列紊乱,韧带胫骨止点出现溶骨性吸收,断裂方式全为止点处撕脱。结论:制动不仅改变韧带骨组合体的结构特性,也影响韧带物质的材料特性。     

应用自体半腱肌重建膝关节内侧副韧带损伤12例

目的观察自体半腱肌重建膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的效果。方法对12例膝关节内侧副韧带损伤行膝关节检查,发现伴随有外侧半月板损伤2例,行半月板部分切除,前、后交叉韧带损伤各1例,选择骨-腱-骨重建前、后交叉韧带。胫骨内侧鹅足肌腱部位游离半腱肌进行内侧副韧带重建术。结果12例手术后伤口Ⅰ期愈合。6个月内10例膝关节稳定,应力位拍片内侧比健侧张开均<5mm,挤压螺钉位置良好。11例关节屈曲0°～120°,1例伴股骨外髁骨折者关节活动度90°。结论自体半腱肌移植重建内侧副韧带损伤能提供足够的张力,达到坚强固定和关节囊缝合目的。     

Modified Medial Collateral Ligament Indentation Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty with Severe Type II Valgus Deformity

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of a modified medial collateral ligament indentation technique in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with severe type II valgus deformity.MethodsConsecutive patients with Krackow type II valgus deformity >20° who underwent a primary unilateral TKA between May 2008 and June 2017 were studied retrospectively. A medial collateral ligament indentation technique was performed in 20 patients (MCLI group), and 23 patients received the routine lateral structures release technique (LSR group). Radiological parameters, such as the valgus angle (VA), and functional outcomes including the use of constraint implants, Knee Society Score (KSS), Knee Society Function score (KSF), and thickness of the polyethylene insert were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 43 consecutive patients had a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. The preoperative VA was comparable between the MCLI (23.5° ± 5.8°) and LSR groups (21.3° ± 3.2°, P = 0.134), as was the postoperative VA (1.1° ± 2.1° and 2.5° ± 3.0°, respectively, P = 0.084). The mean KSS and KSF scores in the MCLI group were 30.2 ± 4.8 and 38.8 ± 4.8, respectively, before surgery, and they increased to 91.3 ± 2.6 and 86.5 ± 2.4 at the last follow‐up. The scores in the LSR group were 31.5 ± 7.5 and 36.5 ± 7.8 before surgery and 92.4 ± 3.5 and 88.5 ± 3.6 at the last follow‐up. While no statistically significant differences in pre‐ or postoperative functional scores were found between the two groups, the MCLI group had thinner polyethylene inserts (9.5 ± 1.1 mm vs 12.9 ± 1.5 mm) and less use of constrained condylar inserts (15% vs 69.6%). During follow‐up, the MCLI group had fewer complications.ConclusionA modified MCLI technique can achieve good outcomes in TKA with type II valgus deformity of >20°. It can maintain a normal joint line level, reduce the use of constrained condylar knee prostheses, and is a reliable choice for severe genu valgum.     

半腱肌腱转位修复膝内侧副韧带损伤

目的　探讨半腱肌腱转位在附着点上对膝内侧副韧带的断裂进行重建修复的方法和疗效。方法　对 35例膝内侧副韧带断裂患者进行手术治疗 ,采用断端直接修复 ,同时切取半腱肌腱转位在膝内侧副韧带起止点处固定的方法 ,加强修复该韧带。结果　术后随访 1～ 6a ,平均 3年 5个月 ,按改良Lysholmscale评分标准 ,分优、良、可、差四个等级 ,优良率 94 .3% ,疗效满意。结论　膝内侧副韧带损伤应早期手术以获得疗效 ,半腱肌腱止点接近内侧副韧带止点 ,强度好 ,转移后在解剖学位置上加强修复膝内侧副韧带 ,发挥了膝内侧副韧带固有的生物力学效能 ,关节功能恢复满意。     

带线锚钉治疗膝内侧副韧带止点撕脱损伤

目的 探讨利用带线锚钉治疗膝关节内侧副韧带止点撕脱伤的临床疗效。方法使用TwinFix带线锚钉治疗膝关节内侧副韧带止点撕脱伤35例,随访观察治疗前后的症状、体征并进行评分。结果所有患者均获随访,时间13～35个月,平均16．5个月。术后关节功能明显改善。根据Lysholm膝关节评分标准评定膝关节功能,术前评分为（54．5±6．3）分,术后1年评分（88．1±4．2）分,比较术前与术后有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论利用带线锚钉治疗膝关节内侧副韧带止点撕脱伤疗效肯定,具有操作简便、固定牢靠、并发症少等优点。     

后交叉韧带合并内侧副韧带损伤的手术治疗（附14例报告）

自１９９０年２月～１９９６年２月，我们治疗１４例后交叉韧带合并内侧副韧带损伤患者。利用髌韧带中１／３腱条和内侧半月板联合重建后交叉韧带，同时行内侧副韧带重建和将股骨髁部附着点前移。１４例中１１例获得随访，有效率１００％，优良率９０．９％。本文对此类韧带损伤的特点和本组术式进行了分析和探讨。     

Comparison of Complete Distal Release of the Medial Collateral Ligament and Medial Epicondylar Osteotomy during Ligament Balancing in Varus Knee Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

During ligament balancing for severe medial contracture in varus knee total knee arthroplasty (TKA), complete distal release of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) or a medial epicondylar osteotomy can be necessary if a large amount of correction is needed.

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed 9 cases of complete distal release of the MCL and 11 cases of medial epicondylar osteotomy which were used to correct severe medial contracture. The mean follow-up periods were 46.5 months (range, 36 to 78 months) and 39.8 months (range, 32 to 65 months), respectively.

Results

There were no significant differences in the clinical results between the two groups. However, the valgus stress radiograph revealed significant differences in medial instability. In complete distal release of the MCL, some stability was obtained by repair and bracing but the medial instability could not be removed completely.

Conclusions

Medial epicondylar osteotomy for a varus deformity in TKA could provide constant medial stability and be a useful ligament balancing technique.     

Influence of Intraoperative Medial Collateral Ligament Bony Avulsion Injury on the Outcome of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is (1) to find the clinical and radiological outcome of intraoperative bony avulsion of medial collateral ligament (MCL) treated with screw and washer construct and (2) to predict the preoperative factors which may contribute to the avulsion-type MCL injury during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsIntraoperative MCL avulsion injury occurred in 46 (0.8%) of the 4916 consecutive primary TKA from January 2011 to December 2015. After exclusion, the 41 knees were matched 1:2 with controls without MCL injury and compared for the various clinical, radiological, and functional parameters. The clinical parameters analyzed were age, gender, body mass index, preoperative diagnosis like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, range of motion, sagittal deformity, and vitamin D levels. The radiological parameters calculated were coronal deformity, proximal tibial varus angle, distal femur valgus angle, joint line congruence angle, posterior tibial slope, “cup and saucer” morphology, presence or absence of knee subluxation, tibia vara, and femoral bowing. The preoperative and postoperative Knee Society Score and Knee Society Functional Score were analyzed. Complications or revisions, if any, were noted during the follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict the preoperative risk factors for MCL avulsion injury.ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 58.4 ± 19.3 months, there were no radiological or physical examination findings of instability. Compared to the preoperative disability, there was a statistically significant improvement in clinical scores (Knee Society Score and Knee Society Functional Score) in the final follow-up (P < .001) in both cases and the control group. The mean preoperative coronal deformity was 170.6 ± 6.96 in the study group and 167.7 ± 4.3 in the control group (P = .021). The mean preoperative tibial slope was 10.5 ± 4.9 in the study group and 7.91 ± 4.15 in the control group (P = .003). The preoperative knee subluxation was present in 48.8% knees (P < .001) and “cup and saucer” morphology in 68.3 knees (P < .001) in the study group. The adjusted odds of MCL avulsion injury were greater for severe varus deformity (odds ratio [OR] 1.462, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.86), knee subluxation (OR 39.78, 95% CI 3.78-418.86), and “cup and saucer” morphology (OR 33.11, 95% CI 5.69-192.66).ConclusionIntraoperative MCL bony avulsion injury can be managed successfully with screw and washer construct without the need for increased prosthetic constraint in primary TKA. The presence of severe varus deformity, knee subluxation, and “cup and saucer” morphology tend to have an increased chance of MCL avulsion injury.