呼和浩特市艾滋病抗病毒治疗分析

目的了解呼和浩特市HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗1年的临床效果。方法通过"国家艾滋病网络直报系统"收集2012年至2016年574例HIV/AIDS抗病毒随访记录和检测信息,并对人口学特征、CD_4~+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量等进行分析。结果经抗病毒治疗1年后,HIV/AIDS CD4+T淋巴细胞计数明显增长(P0.05);同时有93.73%(538/574)的HIV/AIDS艾滋病病毒载量降至100copies/m L以下。结论呼和浩特市艾滋病抗病毒治疗效果明显。     

国产药三联治疗艾滋病的疗效

目的　观察国产去羟肌苷散、司他夫定和奈韦拉平 (三药 )联合治疗艾滋病患者的初步疗效和早期不良反应。方法　艾滋病患者 8例 ,给予三药联合治疗 ,随访 9个月。监测患者的治疗前和治疗 1、3、6、9个月时的血浆病毒载量及CD4 T淋巴细胞计数 ,并评价药物不良反应。结果　经过治疗患者血浆中HIVRNA含量均明显降低 ,CD4 T淋巴细胞数量增加。早期的药物不良反应较少。结论　 8例患者的 9个月随访显示 ,国产三药联合治疗在早期就能有效抑制艾滋病病毒的复制 ,机体免疫功能也有改善 ,具有良好的耐受性     

抗反转录病毒治疗HIV/AIDS初治患者232例结果分析

目的观察艾滋病（HIV/AIDS）初治患者接受国产药为主的高效抗反转录病毒治疗（HAART）的疗效,为规范抗病毒治疗提供依据.方法对232例初治HIV/AIDS患者提供国产药为主的HAART并进行定期随访,分析随访3年来的临床疗效、毒副反应及耐药情况.结果 232例患者接受HAART后24、36个月HIV-1病毒载量小于50拷贝/mL的百分比分别为94.8%、85.3%.CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数基线均值（160.1±80）个/mL,接受HAART治疗后,患者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数逐渐增高,对0、3、6、9、12、18、24、30、36个月来所检测到的CD4＋T淋巴计数进行检验P〈0.01.常见的毒副反应是肝功能损害、外周神经炎、外周脂肪分布异常、骨髓造血功能抑制、皮疹.9例患者治疗过程中出现临床耐药.结论 HIV/AIDS初治患者经国产药为主的抗病毒治疗后虽然毒副反应较大,但病毒学及免疫学应答效果好,临床耐药低.     

艾滋病患者106例抗病毒治疗依从性的影响因素分析

目的探讨艾滋病患者抗病毒药物治疗的依从性影响因素。方法选取治疗的艾滋病患者106例,对患者的抗病毒药物服用依从性进行分析,同时对患者持续服用抗病毒药物6个月后的病毒载量进行检测。结果在106例艾滋病患者中,其药物服用依从性良好的患者100例(94.34%),84例治疗良好,病毒载量低于400copies/m L。多因素Logistic分析显示,艾滋病感染者抗病毒治疗服药依从性与患者的年龄、文化程度、临床阶段、社会支持、知识得分以及CD4+临床计数关系密切(P<0.05)。结论在艾滋病感染患者的抗病毒治疗过程中提升其服药依从性非常关键,尤其是在服药副作用较为明显的患者。     

320例经血感染HIV/AIDS中医证型分布与CD_4~+ T淋巴细胞计数、病毒载量关系的探讨

目的通过回顾性总结分析320例经血感染的HIV/AIDS患者临床资料,探讨中医证型分布与CD+4T淋巴细胞计数、病毒载量的关系。方法收集中医四诊信息和中医证型资料,并检测CD+4T淋巴细胞计数、病毒载量。并比较不同CD4+T淋巴细胞计数分段、病毒载量分段与中医证型的关系。结果320例经血感染的HIV/AIDS患者CD+4T淋巴细胞计数分布与证型有相关性,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数在200/μL以下时,以气虚血瘀、邪毒壅滞型和脾肾亏虚、湿邪阻滞型多见;CD4+T淋巴细胞计数在201~350/μL之间时,以气虚血瘀、邪毒壅滞型,气阴两虚、肺肾不足型和脾肾亏虚、湿邪阻滞型多见;CD+4T淋巴细胞计数大于350/μL,以气血两亏型和气虚血瘀、邪毒壅滞型多见。分析病毒载量与证型的关系发现,VL(HIV血浆病毒载量)500 copies/mL时,气虚血瘀、邪毒壅滞型最多;其次依次为,气阴两虚、肺肾不足型和气血两亏型;500 copies/mLVL104copies/mL时,以气血两亏型最多,其次为痰热内扰型,以及肝郁气滞火旺型和气虚血瘀、邪毒壅滞型,104copies/mLVL105copies/mL,以气血两亏型为主。结论经血感染的HIV/AIDS患者中医证型分布有一定的规律,CD+4T淋巴细胞计数与中医辨证证型密切相关。     

国产抗病毒药物联合治疗艾滋病的早期疗效观察

目的 观察国产抗病毒药物司他夫定＋去羟肌苷＋奈韦拉平联合治疗艾滋病的疗效，为国产抗病毒药物的推广应用提供相应的理论依据。方法 选择符合抗病毒治疗条件的艾滋病9例，给予口服司他夫定＋去羟肌苷散＋奈韦拉平一年，在治疗前及治疗后第3，6，9，12月分别检测血中HIV RNA病毒载量、CD4^＋T细胞计数等。结果 经过一年的抗HIV治疗，7／9（77．7％）例病人血浆中HIV载量明显降低，7／9（77．7％）例病人CD4^＋细胞计数均有不同程度的升高，早期的药物毒副作用不明显。结论 国产抗病毒药物（司他夫定＋去羟肌苷散＋奈韦拉平）联合治疗艾滋病早期能有效地抑制HIV的复制， 机体的免疫功能也有一定的改善。     

宁夏HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数及AIDS患者抗病毒治疗现状分析

目的 分析宁夏地区自愿检测艾滋病患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量水平,为了解本地区HIV 感染者和AIDS患者病情进展和治疗现状提供参考.方法 110例HIV感染者在2010年1～6月和2011年1～6月的CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果的构成比进行比较;对2005-2010年加入一线抗病毒在治的艾滋病患者60例,采用流式细胞仪检测CD4 +T淋巴细胞计数、Easy-Q方法检测病毒载量,同时在中国艾滋病防治信息系统中查阅患者的各种机会性感染的发生情况.结果 2011年较2010年未治疗HIV感染者CD4 +T淋巴细胞计数＜ 200个·μL-1和200 ～ 350个·μL-1之间的患者构成比均有所增加;宁夏累计在治60例AIDS患者中,随抗病毒治疗时间越长,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数200 ～ 350个·μL-1的患者构成比越多,治疗时间越短,＜200个·μL-1的构成比越高(26.5％),x2=6.558,P＜0.05;2010年和2011年检测的病毒载量差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.-981,P=0.327),机会性感染以持续性发热所占比例最高为33.3％,腹泻和带状疱疹所占比例次之,分别为15.5％和14.3％.结论 宁夏HIV感染者疾病进展加快,需要接受抗病毒治疗的患者将增多;艾滋病患者随着治疗时间增加,部分病人可重建免疫功能;部分治疗后病毒载量未降低的病人,可能面临治疗失败的危险,关注各种机会性感染的同时也需要及时进行耐药监测以指导治疗方案.     

获得性免疫缺陷综合症患者高效抗反转录病毒治疗效果评价

目的:探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)患者的高效抗反转录治疗(HAART)效果与不良反应。方法:应用国家免费提供的抗病毒治疗药品,对符合治疗条件的HIV/AIDS患者进行规范抗病毒治疗,并检测患者的CD4T淋巴细胞计数与病毒载量。结果:HAART开始12个月后,患者的CD4T淋巴细胞计数平均增长83.13个/μl,病毒载量均低于检测下限。结论:抗病毒治疗效果显著,能够实现部分免疫重建,但也存在较多不良反应。     

湖南省衡阳市2004-2009年艾滋病抗病毒治疗情况分析

目的评估和预测湖南省艾滋病抗病毒治疗状况和治疗效果。方法 2010年6月对衡阳市接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗的病人进行调查,除去因各种原因无法做调查者外,共调查到223人,均为抗病毒治疗12个月以上且仍在治疗的病人。对其进行病毒载量检测和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数,并对结果进行分析。结果按患者开始治疗的年份将患者分为6组(2004-2009年治疗组),比较各组在不同CD4+T淋巴细胞水平(<200个/μl、200~350个/μl、>350个/μl)及病毒载量水平(<103拷贝/μl、103~104拷贝/μl、>104拷贝/μl)时的患者比例。结果显示:2004-2009年各组患者CD4+T淋巴细胞水平<200个/μl的人数比例分别为0、5.9%、10.0%、15.0%、29.9%和28.6%,治疗时间越长,CD4+T淋巴细胞水平<200个/μl的患者人数比例越低;但2004-2009年各治疗组患者在不同病毒滴度时人数比例的差异无统计学意义。病毒载量较低(<103拷贝/μl)的感染者中,CD4+T淋巴细胞>350个/μl人数比例较高(104,52.0%),而随着病毒载量水平的上升,CD4+T淋巴细胞<200个/μl的患者比...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.