三氯乙烯对职业人群的细胞遗传学效应

目的 :探讨三氯乙烯(TCE)对职业人群有无细胞遗传损伤作用以及与接触浓度和时间的关系。 方法 :采用气相色谱和吡啶化学比色法对工作场所中TCE浓度和工人尿中三氯乙酸(TCA)含量进行了测定 ,采用外周血淋巴细胞微核试验、胞质分裂阻滞微核试验以及姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)试验、单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)试验对141名直接接触TCE的工人和39名对照者检测了有无染色体损伤和DNA损伤。 结果 :TCE接触组人群(车间内空气中TCE平均浓度为90.4mg/m3 ,尿中TCA平均浓度为61.79mg/L)微核、双核微核、SCE和彗星样淋巴细胞出现率分别为1.66‰、2.73‰、4.33、7.48 % ,均明显高于对照组(分别为1.13‰、1.66‰、2.95、3.74 % ,P<0.05或P<0.01) ;除SCE外 ,微核、双核微核、彗星样淋巴细胞出现率与接触工龄间存在相关关系(r=0.222 ,0.246 ,0.320 ;P<0.05或P<0.01) ;微核、双核微核发生率、SCE和彗星样淋巴细胞出现率与尿中TCA浓度间也存在相关关系(r=0.294 ,0.260 ,0.229 ,0.268 ;P<0.05或P<0.01)。 结论 :TCE具有遗传毒作用 ,长期接触高浓度TCE可导致染色体断裂和DNA损伤     

铅暴露工人外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤与端粒长度的改变

目的:探讨铅暴露工人外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤情况与端粒长度改变之间的关系。方法:以珠三角某蓄电池厂的21名铅暴露工人为铅暴露组,26名无铅接触史的工人作为对照组。针对工人开展问卷调查并采集肝素抗凝外周血。检测工人外周血中血铅浓度、淋巴细胞的彗星试验指标、胞质分裂阻滞微核试验指标以及相对端粒长度改变情况。结果:铅暴露工人的血铅浓度为(3.08±1.86) mg/mL,与对照人群(0.26±0.25) mg/mL相比明显升高(P<0.05)。彗星试验中,铅暴露组工人的慧星尾长高于对照组(P<0.05);胞质分裂阻滞微核试验中,暴露组工人双核微核率和微核细胞率均高于对照组(P<0.05);铅暴露工人的外周血相对端粒长度较对照人群缩短(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,胞质阻滞微核试验的指标中双核微核率、微核细胞率、核桥率与工龄呈正相关(r_s分别为0.447、0.432、0.351,P均<0.05)。外周血相对端粒长度与工人工龄、血铅水平均呈负相关(r_s分别为-0.306、-0.394,P均<0.05)。结论:铅暴露可致工人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传损伤以及相对端粒长度的缩短。     

职业接触敌枯双的细胞遗传学效应的研究

本文选择生产敌枯双工人11名(2男,9女),接触浓度平均为0.45mg/m~3,年限为4-8年,研究职业接触敌枯双后细胞遗传毒理学效应。结果表明,接触组和对照组(14名,3男11女)外周血淋巴细胞体外SCE和微核发生率无明显差异。敌枯双在体外对人淋巴细胞的UDS(程序外DNA合成)有诱导作     

沥青烟暴露工人淋巴细胞周期和某些肿瘤标志水平的观察

目的:探讨沥青烟对作业工人淋巴细胞周期及肿瘤标志水平的影响.方法:选择某炭素厂沥青熔化工段职工31名作为观察组,另外选择该厂行政管理和后勤部门职工27名作为对照组,流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞周期及DNA倍体,电化学发光法检测血清非小细胞癌抗原(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE),放射免疫分析法检测癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平.结果:观察组G0/G1、S期细胞所占比例分别为(93.37±1.53)%、(3.33±3.00)%,小于对照组(94.80±0.85)%、(3.40±1.41)%,观察组G2/M期细胞所占比例为(3.30±1.39)%,大于对照组(1.80±2.26)%,差异均无统计学意义,P＞0.05.观察组细胞增殖指数(PI)、DNA相对含量(DNARC)值分别为0.07±0.02、209.93±0.50,高于对照组0.05±0.01、207.00±3.11,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.血清CEA、NSE、AFP和CYFRA21-1水平分别为9.98±1.17、5.03±3.39、2 8.92±10.25和1.71±1.46,高于对照组8.55±1.51、3.24±2.00、23.85±14.93和0.84±0.50,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论:观察外周血淋巴细胞各周期细胞数及血清肿瘤标志水平改变,尚不能确定沥青烟是否对作业工人外周血淋巴细胞周期及肿瘤标志水平有影响.     

吲哚-3-乙酸对人外周血淋巴细胞微核和SCE频率的影响

背景与目的:研究吲哚-3-乙酸对人体外周血淋巴细胞微核和SCE频率的影响.材料与方法:应用人体外周血淋巴细胞测定吲哚-3-乙酸诱导微核形成率试验和姊妹染色单体互换率(SCE).结果:各吲哚-3-乙酸处理组与阴性对照组相比,微核形成率和SCE差异均存在显著性.结论:吲哚-3-乙酸对人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传物质具有损伤作用.     

754名不同工种铜矿工人外周血淋巴细胞微核的观察

我们调查了某大型铜矿的不同工种工人外周血淋巴细胞微核，该矿3万余职工，露天开采．采选过程中的主要有害物质为：粉尘、重金属(pb．Cd.Cu等)，浮选剂(黄药，CS2，氰化物等)．工人接触有害物质和金属粉尘的程度不同．我们调查了721名不同工种工人的外周血淋巴细胞，按不同工种分为4个组和1个对照组，各组的微核检出率明显高于对照组（P＜0.001)。     

对接触氟尿嘧啶工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核率的观察

本文报导了职业性接触氟尿嘧啶类抗癌药物的30名工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核率的测定结果。结果表明:接触组染色体畸变率明显高于对照组,与对照组比较差异有非常显著性意义(p<0.01)。而且染色体畸变率与工令呈平行关系,畸变类型以     

海藻多糖对γ-射线诱发的小鼠微核形成率的影响

目的: 观察海藻多糖(PS)的抗辐射效应.方法:观察PS对60Coγ-射线诱发的小鼠外周血淋巴细胞及骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响.结果:小鼠接受2 Gyγ-射线照射后,外周血淋巴细胞及骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率明显升高(P＜0.01);20 mg/kg*bw及40mg/kg*bw剂量的PS能使照射小鼠外周血淋巴细胞微核率明显降低(P<0.05); 10 mg/kg*bw、20 mg/kg*bw及40 mg/kg*bw剂量的PS能使照射小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:PS对γ-射线诱发的染色体损伤有明显的保护作用.     

微量全血彗星试验检测电子制造业不同工种人群DNA损伤

目的:研究电子行业不同工种职业人群的DNA损伤情况,为确定健康危害预防重点提供依据。方法:选择珠三角某电子厂在职工人563名作为职业接触组,其中铅暴露组(n167),异丙醇组(n287),噪声组(n39),铅+高温组(n34),异丙醇+高温组(n36);选取就业前体检工人作为对照组(n90)。采集人体微量外周血进行彗星试验,运用倒置荧光显微镜拍摄彗星图片,并通过CASP彗星分析软件对彗星图片进行分析。结果:铅+高温组工人外周血的核DNA含量低于对照组(P<0.05),尾DNA含量、尾长和尾矩高于对照组(P<0.05);异丙醇+高温组工人外周血的核DNA含量低于对照组(P<0.05),尾DNA含量、尾长、彗星全长、尾惯量和尾矩高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:本研究所选取的电子行业各工种工人均有明显的DNA损伤情况,尤以异丙醇+高温组工种最为严重,其次是铅+高温组工种,应引起职业病防治管理机构和厂方的特别关注。     

碳酸锂对抗放化疗肿瘤患者遗传及氧化损伤作用的研究

目的:探讨碳酸锂(Li2CO3)对放化疗肿瘤患者有无抗遗传及抗氧化损伤作用.方法:给予临床放化疗肿瘤患者Li2CO3联合用药治疗,采用单细胞凝胶电泳试验、外周血淋巴细胞微核试验及生化试验方法测定DNA损伤、微核率(MNF)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、疏基(-SH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:随Li2CO3疗程及剂量的增加,联合用药组与单纯放化疗组相比DNA断裂分级、慧星尾长、MNF显著降低(P＜0.05);SOD、GSH-Px活力、-SH含量、WBC总数显著增高(P＜0.01).结论:Li2CO3可降低肿瘤患者遗传损伤程度,提高其抗氧化酶活性,降低抗癌药物的骨髓抑制作用.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.