弓首蛔虫及狮弓蛔虫线粒体基因组had4基因多态性研究

目的 比较犬、猫常见蛔虫的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）中烟酰胺脱氢酶亚基Ⅳ基因（nad4）部分序列（pnad4），以期找出它们之间的序列差异和种群遗传关系。方法 抽提61个弓首属蛔虫（包括犬弓首蛔虫、猫弓首蛔虫、马来西亚弓首蛔虫和犊弓首蛔虫）和狮弓蛔虫虫体的总DNA，用PCR方法扩增mtDNApnad4，然后用SSCP技术和DNA测序对序列进行分析研究。结果 犬弓首蛔虫种群内pnad4的序列差异为1．17％，与猫弓首蛔虫、马来西亚弓首蛔虫、牛弓首蛔虫和狮弓蛔虫种间的平均序列差异分别为13．92％、16．48％、15．12％和20．32％。猫弓首蛔虫种群内pnad4的序列差异为1．00％，与马来西亚弓首蛔虫、牛弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫平均序列差异分别是17．90％、13．55％和18．50％。马来西亚弓首蛔虫种群内pnad4序列差异为0．13％，与牛弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫序列差异分别为13．50％和20．60％。结论 犬弓首蛔虫不同地方虫株的pnad4有一定差异，猫弓首蛔虫种群内差异较小，马来西亚弓首蛔虫种群内差异很小。弓首属各虫种之间的差异以及与狮弓蛔虫的差异都较大。马来西亚弓首蛔虫pnad4序列与其它虫种差异都较大，证明它确为一独立种。pnad4序列是弓首蛔虫和狮弓蛔虫理想的种特异的遗传标记。     

人蛔虫、猪蛔虫及犬弓蛔虫成虫氨基酸含量的比较研究

作者对犬弓蛔虫、人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫及猪肠道蛔虫的17种氨基酸含量进行了测定和比较研究,观察到犬弓蛔虫雌虫与人、猪蛔虫雌虫的精氨酸和组氨酸含量差异有显著性。人肠道蛔虫和人胆道蛔虫与猪肠道蛔虫之间,无论雌虫或雄虫,17种氨基酸含量差异均无显著性。本结果与犬弓蛔虫和人、猪蛔虫在分类上属于不同的属,在形态上有显著区别,以及人蛔虫和猪蛔虫在形态上无明显差异的报告一致。建议以此作为鉴定蛔虫种属的生化依据之一。     

人蛔虫、猪蛔虫和犬弓蛔虫蛋白质聚丙烯酰胺凝胶板状电泳比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板状电泳对人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫、猪蛔虫和犬弓蛔虫的蛋白质进行了比较。结果表明:人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫和猪蛔虫蛋白质的电泳区带没有明显区别,而犬弓蛔虫与人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫和猪蛔虫蛋白质的电泳区带却有明显区别。     

犬弓首线虫卵及幼虫排泄分泌抗原对小鼠的免疫保护作用

目的：探索犬弓首线虫幼虫移行症免疫预防的可能性。方法：采用经紫外线照射的犬弓首线虫感染期卵管喂和犬弓首线虫第二期幼虫排泄分泌抗原（TES-Ag）皮下注射免疫小鼠，末次免疫后2周，用犬弓首线虫感染期虫卵管喂攻击感染，1000个卵／鼠。攻击感染后1周解剖鼠，用稀盐酸分离法分离幼虫计数。结果：紫外线照射虫卵免疫组和TES-Ag200μg免疫组的减虫率分别为27．5％和53．7％。结论：紫外线照射虫卵和TES-Ag免疫鼠均产生了一定的保护免疫力。     

孕鼠感染犬弓首线虫后对仔鼠行为及脑组织的影响

目的:孕鼠妊娠早期感染犬弓首线虫对仔鼠行为及脑组织的影响.方法:取犬弓首线虫子宫段虫卵培养至感染期,不同剂量感染受孕3d的雌鼠,将仔鼠随机分6组,观察爬行能力、抓握能力等行为学情况,用切片法及稀盐酸幼虫分离法观察犬弓首线虫在仔鼠脑内分布.结果:从新生仔鼠脑内分离出幼虫,脑内幼虫的数量与孕期感染剂量呈正相关;各组仔鼠行为学检测结果差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与脑内分离出的幼虫数量呈负相关;仔鼠脑内有少量胶质细胞增生和脑细胞变性,虫体周围脑组织炎症反应不明显.结论:孕鼠妊娠早期感染犬弓首线虫会导致仔鼠行为学改变,感染剂量与仔鼠后天产生的保护性免疫记忆有相关性,脑内病理改变与直接感染一致.     

感染犬弓首线虫鼠血清抗弓首线虫幼虫抗体和循环抗原检测

采用间接 ELISA 和双抗体夹心 ELISA 检测感染犬弓首线虫小鼠血清抗弓首线虫幼虫抗体和循环抗原。间接 ELISA 用犬弓首线虫幼虫排泄分泌抗原(TES-Ag)包板,二抗用辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠 IgG。夹心 ELISA 用豚鼠抗 TES-Ag 的 IgG 包板,第二抗体用辣根过氧化物酶标记的兔抗TES-Ag 的 IgG。结果表明,感染后第1天血清循环抗原即为阳性,第15天血清抗体出现阳性,第87天实验结束时,血清抗体和循环抗原均是阳性。     

三种蛔虫感染小鼠后嗜酸细胞增多的比较研究

猪蛔虫,似蚓蛔线虫和犬弓首线虫虫卵经口感染小鼠均可使其末梢血嗜酸细胞增多。嗜酸细胞增多的峰值和图形相似,达峰值所需时间没有明显差异,感染所用虫卵个数对嗜酸细胞的增多无影响。     

恩施州农村人群蛔虫感染及土壤蛔虫卵污染现状调查

目的了解恩施州农村蛔虫病的流行现状及土壤污染状况,为科学制定蛔虫病防治对策提供依据。方法在来自8县市的8个村157户农户的菜园、厕所周边、庭院、厨房4处采集土壤,采用饱和硝酸钠溶液漂浮法检查土壤中的蛔虫卵,人群蛔虫感染检查采用Kato-Katz法。结果 8个村共调查645人,蛔虫总感染率为25.58%。土壤样本共检查157户,蛔虫卵总检出率为55.41%,其中未受精蛔虫卵、受精蛔虫卵和活受精蛔虫卵检出率分别为15.29%、46.50%、29.94%。土壤中蛔虫卵检出率与人群蛔虫感染率显著相关(r=0.783,P0.05)。结论恩施州土壤蛔虫卵污染严重,人群蛔虫感染率高,应加强蛔虫病的防治。     

胆道蛔虫经胃镜取虫70例分析

目的：了解胆道蛔虫胃镜取虫时机。方法：对1984年至1999年5月胆道蛔虫病70例分析。结果：发病超过48小时内接受胃镜取虫33例，成功20例，成功率60．6％；发病超过48小时的病人37例，成功12例，成功率为32．4％；统计学处理0．05＞P＞0．01，有显性差异。结论：胆道蛔虫病人及早接受胃镜检查，可提高胃镜取虫成功率，建议胆道蛔虫病的应紧急胃镜检查。     

胆道蛔虫症的超声诊断探讨

目的探讨超声对胆道蛔虫症的诊断价值。方法对14例经手术证实的胆道蛔虫症患者的声像图特征进行分析。结果14例胆道蛔虫,胆总管内5例,胆囊内3例,胆总管及胆囊内1例,胆总管与左肝管内2例,胆总管内后向上活动至右肝管及右前叶肝内胆管1例,左内叶肝内胆管内2例。胆管蛔虫的声像图纵切面表现为扩张的胆管内平行双线状强回声带,内夹无回声液性暗带,彩色多普勒于暗带内未探及血液信号,横切面呈同心圆、环中环、环内圆点、环内小等号样表现。胆囊内蛔虫表现为胆囊内弧形、麻花形、卷曲形、S形等线状光带。超声正确诊断为胆道蛔虫症的为13例,诊断符合率为92.86%。结论超声检查对早期发现胆道蛔虫症并正确定位有很高的诊断价值,认为超声检查应作为胆道蛔虫症首选的检查方法。     

Prevalence of Toxocara spp. and other parasites in dogs and cats in Halifax, Nova Scotia

Several cases of visceral larva migrans syndrome in children led to an investigation of the ova of Toxocara spp. and other species in stool specimens from stray dogs and cats in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Fecal samples from 474 stray dogs and 299 stray cats were examined. Ova of Toxocara canis or cati were present in stools from 26.6% of the dogs and 25.1% of the cats. In dogs the prevalence of Toxocara canis was noticeably greater in puppies (56.1%) than in mature animals (11.9%).     

Some intestinal parasites of Arctic fox, Banks Island, N. W. T.

Small intestinal parasitology of 50 trapped Arctic fox taken on Banks Island, The Northwest Territories, showed a prevalence of Taenia crassiceps (78%), Toxascaris leonina (60%), Echinococcus multilocularis (2%) and Coccidia (2%). Attention is drawn to the absence of Toxocara sp. and of Uncinaria sp.     

Parasites of dogs from Indian settlements in northwestern Canada: a survey with public health implications

A total of 959 faecal samples were obtained from dogs in 12 native communities in Northern Saskatchewan, Central and Northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. All samples were examined using a flotation technique. Samples from an area of endemic human amoebic infections were also examined by a formol-ether sedimentation method. Eighteen necropsies were performed.Entamoeba histolytica cysts were recovered from dog faeces at Loon Lake, Saskatchewan.Toxocara canis had low incidence in Saskatchewan and Central Alberta, and appeared to be almost non-existent further North. Toxascaris leonina was found in all areas surveyed. Canine hookworm infections were plentiful in all areas, the highest incidence being recorded from Northern Alberta and Northwest Territories. Many Taenia (or Echinococcus) infections were found consistently in all areas. Only one infection with Dipylidium caninum was discovered.Metorchis conjunctus infections were found to be common in the Saskatchewan reserves. Infections with Diphyllobothrium sp. were found in all communities with access to good fishing. One specimen of Dioctophyma renale was recovered at necropsy.Infections with parasites of no known zoonotic importance such as Trichuris, Alaria and Isospora species were also recorded.     

蛋白激酶CK2α’相互作用蛋白NADH脱氢酶4的筛选

目的研究新的男性不育候选基因蛋白激酶CK2α’在精子发生中的作用机制。方法以人蛋白激酶CK2α’为诱饵蛋白,用酵母双杂交实验从构建于pACT2质粒的人睾丸eDNA文库中筛选CK2α’亚基的相互作用蛋白。结果核酸序列分析及同源性检索表明,其中一种与NADH脱氢酶4（NADH dehydrogenase4）有99．0％同源性。结论NADH脱氢酶是线粒体内参与三羧酸循环的重要酶,也可调节细胞凋亡,深入研究GK2α’与NADH脱氢酶4之间的关系,对了解C池在精子发生过程中的作用有重要意义。     

Study on mitochondrial DNA diversity among 7 inbred strains of mice

Objective：To study the genetic variation of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） among common laboratory strains of inbred mice. Methods： The genetic polymorphism of mtDNA among 4 classical laboratory strains of inbred mice and 3 inbred strains of mice established in China was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP） and PCR coupled with single-stranded conformation polymorphism（PCR-SSCP）. Results： With regard to the D-loop （Displacement loop, D-loop）, tRNA^ Met＋Glu＋Ile, and ND3 （NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3, ND3） gene fragments of mtDNA from these mice,no variation was revealed by PCR-RFLP at 46 restriction enzyme sites. Further analyzed by PCR-SSCP,the D-loop 5＇fragment and 3＇end fragment of mtDNA from these mice also showed no genetic variation. Conclusion： Owing to maternal mode of inheritance of mtDNA,the results indicate that these common inbred strains of mice share the same maternal lineage.     

浙江汉族人群线粒体DNA ND1基因G3316A突变与2型糖尿病

目的：研究与日本人2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）相关的线粒体DNA（mitochondria DNA,mtDNA）ND1基因G3316A突变在浙江汉族T2DM人群中的发生率及其临床意义。方法：采用PCR产物直接测序法对浙江籍汉族人群中无血缘关系的315名T2DM患者及158名正常对照的外周血mtDNA进行检测,并用DNASTAR和Antheprot 5.0软件分析突变位点。结果：在T2DM患者中检测到6例（占1.90%）G3316A突变,对照组中发现3例（占1.90%）突变,突变发生率在两组间差异无显著性（P＆gt;0.05）。携带G3316A位点突变的T2DM组与无该突变的T2DM组之间的临床特点（发病年龄、体重指数和血糖水平等）比较差异亦无显著性。蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和不规则卷曲的构成比没有发生改变。结论：线粒体DNA ND1基因G3316A突变可能与浙江汉族人群T2DM的发生无关,仅为人群中的基因多态性。     

Dogs and intestinal parasites: a public health problem.

The stools of 239 stray dogs were examined for intestinal parasites. Of the helminths found, Toxocara canis (43.5%), tapeworms (25.5%), Ascaris species (21.3%) and hookworms (12.5%) were the commonest. Of the protozoans found, Isospora species and Entamoeba coli were the most prevalent. An unusual feature of the present study was the finding of Ascaris species. The importance of the high prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs, the close contact of humans with dogs' excreta and the possible role of this environmental pollution in the spread of human disease are discussed.