Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of 5-Aminomethinimino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic Acid Phenylamides and Their Immunological Activity

A series of 5-aminomethinimino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 4 has been prepared by condensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid phenylamides 1 with trichloroacetic aldehyde. Alcoholysis of trichloro derivatives 2 gave 5-alkoxymethine derivatives 3 which, on reaction with an appropriate amine, formed the corresponding compounds 4 . The compounds obtained were evaluated for their immunological activity. The properties of three compounds, described in this report, permitted inhibition of the immune response in all possible ways: diminishing both types of immune response ( 4d ), humoral immune response ( 4a ), or cellular immune response ( 4c ). Preparation 4d is comparable in its effectiveness to CsA, so it may be potentially used as an agent for prolongation of the function of transplanted organs. Two other compounds may potentially be used in cases where only one type the immune response is required for combating pathogen invasion.     

Design and synthesis of novel thiophenecarbohydrazide, thienopyrazole and thienopyrimidine derivatives as antioxidant and antitumor agents

2-Amino-5-acetyl-4-methyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1) and 5-acetyl-2-amino-4-methylthiophene-3-carbohydrazide (2) were synthesized and used as starting materials for the synthesis of new series of 1-(5-amino-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)-3-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethanone (3a), 1-(5-amino-4-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)-3-methylthiophen-2-yl) ethanone (3b), 1-(4-methyl-2-amino-5-acetylthiophene-3-carbonyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione (4), (Z)-N'-(4-methyl-2-amino-5-acetylthiophene-3-carbonyl) formohydrazonic acid (5a), (Z)-ethyl-N'-4-methyl-2-amino-5-acetylthiophene-3-carbonylformo hydrazonate (5b), 6-acetyl-3-amino-2,5-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (8), 5-methyl-3-amino-2-mercapto-6-acetylthieno [2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (10) and 5-methyl-6-acetyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one (12) as potential antioxidant and antitumor agents. Pharmacological tests showed that compounds 6a, 6b, 8, 10 and 12 exhibited significant antitumor and antioxidant activity.     

Synthesis of 2-[1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents

The synthesis of some 2-[1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives is performed by reacting 4-dithiocarboxylic acid hydrazides of 3-amino-1,2-dihydro-5H-pyrazol-5-one and 3-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-5H-pyrazol-5-one with carboxylic acid derivatives. The unusual behaviour of 3-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-5H-pyrazol-5-one towards acetylating agents is described. The antimicrobial activity of some 2-[1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives is tested in a preliminary screening.     

Synthese und Umsetzungen von 3,6-, 5,6- und 3,5-Diaminosalicylsäureestern

Synthesis and Reactions of 3,6-, 5,6- and 3,5-Diaminosalicylates Methyl esters of 3-amino- and 5-amino-4-methyl-6-morpholino salicylic acids ( 1c, 1e ) are accessible from the esters of the 3- and 5-nitroso- or -nitro acids 1a, 1b, 1d by means of catalytic hydrogenation with Pt(IV) oxide. The reduction of the methyl ester of 4-methyl-6-morpholino-3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid ( 1f ) with Pt(IV) oxide as a catalyst affords the methyl 3-amino-4-methyl-6-morpholino-5-nitrosalicylate ( 1g ). With Pd on active charcoal as the catalyst reductive elimination of the morpholino substituent takes place and methyl 3,5-diamino-4-methylsalicylate ( 2 ) is formed. — The methyl esters of 3- and 5-amino-4-methyl-6-morpholinosalicylic acids ( 1c, 1e ) react with methyl acetoacetate ( 4 ) to yield the enamines 3 and 5 .     

Some derivatives of the 2-[4-pyrazolinyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole system

The synthesis of some 2-[5-amino-1-methyl-3-oxo-4-pyrazolynyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives is accomplished by reacting 5-amino-1-methyl-3-oxopryrazolynyl-4-dithiocarbohydrazide with carboxylic acid derivatives. The structure of the compounds obtained is verified by means of 1H and 13C-N.M.R. spectra. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of some of the described compounds was tested in a preliminary screening.     

头霉素关键中间体7-MAC的合成方法改进

目的改进头霉素关键中间体7α-甲氧基-7β-氨基-3-[（1-甲基-1H-四氮唑-5-基）硫甲基]头孢-3-烯4-羧酸二苯甲酯（7-MAC）的合成方法。方法以7-氨基-3-乙酰氧甲基头孢烯酸（7-ACA）为原料,经亲核取代反应合成3-（1-甲基-1胁四氮唑-5-基）硫甲基-7-氨基头孢烯酸（2）,2经取代．消除反应、酯化反应制得7-甲硫亚胺-3-[（1-甲基-1H-四氮唑-5-基）硫甲基]头孢-3-烯4-羧酸二苯甲酯（5）,在中间体5的7α位引入甲氧基制得目标化合物7-MAC。结果与结论目标化合物的结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证,总收率为60％以上,纯度为99．1％,透光率高于75％。该方法反应条件温和,得到的产品质量好,有利于工业化生产。     

The comparative stability of different types of penicillin and cephalosporin N-pyrryl derivatives

The kinetics of the decomposition of potassium salts of 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0.]heptane-3,3-dimethyl-6-amino-7-oxo-N- [2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl] -2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,3-dimethyl-6-amino-7-oxo-N-[2-phenyl - 2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-3- [(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-8-oxo-N-[2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-ca rbo xylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-3- [(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-8-oxo-N-[2-phenyl-2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl ]- 2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-7-amino-3-methyl-8-oxo-N- [2(1H-pyrrolyl)-acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans) and 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-7-amino-3-methyl-8-oxo- N-[2-phenyl-2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), in aqueous solution at 37 degrees C and at ionic strength of 0.5 mol.l-1 have been studied over the 2.3-11.5 pH range. In all cases, the hydrolysis of these compounds is subject to acid-base catalysis and, in some instances, to a general catalysis by various species present in the buffer solutions. The experimental results have been analyzed and discussed in relation to the hydrolytic mechanisms.     

Synthesis of 8-methyltheobromine from 3-methyl-4-aminouracil

A new three-step method has been developed for the synthesis of 8-methyltheobromine from 3-methyl-4-aminouracil, based on its bromination, the conversion of 3-methyl-4-amino-5-bromouracil to 3-methyl-4-amino-5-dimethylaminouracil, and the reaction of the latter with acetic anhydride.Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, No. 1, pp. 23–25, January, 1967.     

New isothiazole derivatives: synthesis, reactivity, physicochemical properties and pharmacological activity

The synthesis and biological investigation of the series of amide and ester derivatives 10-20 of 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 5 are presented. Because the amide series of 5-benzoylamino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 2 has been studied extensively and from this series denotivir (vratizolin) 4 became the antiviral drug. The influence of exchanging the N-benzoyl for a N-(4-chlorobenzoyl) group at position 5 of the isothiazole ring on the pharmacological activity of 5-benzoylamino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 2 derivatives is dealt with here. The effect of structure modifications in the carboxylic group of the 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid 5 series of derivatives on their biological activity is discussed. Some of the tested 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylamides revealed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced edema and air-pouch inflammation tests. Physicochemical properties of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylisothiazolo[5,4-d]-4H-1,3-oxazin-4-one 6 are described. Its use in the synthesis of isothiazole derivatives and its reactivity are also presented.     

苯磷硫胺有关物质的合成

本研究合成了苯磷硫胺2个有关物质,即3-[(4-氨基-2-甲基嘧啶-5-基)甲基]-5-[2-[[羟基(膦酰氧基)膦酰基]氧基]乙基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-3-鎓氯化物(5)和二磷酸单-[4-[(4-氨基-2-甲基嘧啶-5-基甲基)-甲酰基-氨基]-3-苯甲酰基硫基-戊-3-烯基]酯(6)。氯化3-[(4-氨基-2-甲基-5-嘧啶基)-甲基]-5-(2-羟乙基)-4-甲基噻唑鎓盐酸盐(2)与多聚磷酸反应得粗品5,经D301阴离子交换树脂柱纯化,减压浓缩,加异丙醇析出5,纯度96.55%。5在碱性条件下,低温与苯甲酰氯反应,经冷冻干燥得6,纯度97.57%。产物结构经MS、1H NMR和13C NMR确证。     

Synthesis and pharmacological activities of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives

In the present study, a series of 2-substituted-4-methyl-7-amino/4,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridines were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The compounds were investigated for anticonvulsant (125, 250 mg/kg), cardiac and antimicrobial activities. The compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against gram (+) bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcusfaecalis and Micrococcus luteus) and gram (-) bacteria (Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi). All the compounds except 2-(3'-phenylaminopropyloxy)-4-methyl-7-amino-1,8-naphthyridine exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activity of 2-(3-morpholino-2'-hydroxypropyloxy)-4-methyl-7-amino-1,8-naphthyridine, 2-(3'-diphenylamino-2'-hydroxypropyloxy)-4-methyl-7-amino-1,8-naphthyridine and 2-(3'-diethanolamino-propyloxy)-4,7-dimethy-1,8-naphthyridine at the dose of 250 mg/kg were found to be equivalent to diazepam (5 mg/kg). Sympathetic blocking activity was observed with 2-(3'-phenylamino-2'-hydroxypropyloxy)-4-methyl-7-amino-1,8-naphthyridine, 2-(3'-diethanolamino-2'-hydroxypropyloxy)-4-methyl-7-amino-1,8-naphthyridine and 2-(3'-diphenylamino-2'-hydroxypropyloxy)-4-methyl-7-amino-1,8-naphthyridine only. All the compounds were devoid of antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some cephem derivatives.

Two novel cephem derivative series were synthesized: 7-(D-alpha-aminophenyl-acetamido-)-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid monohydrate (Cephalexin) derivatives and those of 7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thio methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (7-AMTCA). The antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds was studied and compared to that of known cephalosporin antibiotics of the first generation against 12 standard strains and 189 clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The Cephalexin derivatives 4a-f show a narrow activity spectrum and are inactive while 5c and 5d are more active than the Cephalexin and Cephazolin antibiotics against clinically isolated S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains.     

3-Amino-4-isothiazolcarbonitrile und Isothiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine

Alkali salts of 2-substituted 2-mercapto-1-cyano-acrylonitriles 1 react with chloramine to 5-substituted 3-amino-4-isothiazolecarbonitriles 2 . The yields of 2 are lower using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid instead of chloramine. 3-Amino-5-methyl-4-isothiazolecarbonitrile ( 2a ) condenses with ethyl orthoformate/acetic anhydride to 3-[ethoxymethylene]amino-5-methyl-4-isothiazolecarbonitrile ( 6 ). Cyclisation of 6 with ammonia, primary amines and hydrazines leads to the isothiazolo[ 3,4 -d]pyrimidines 7, 8, 9 and 11 .     

New pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines: synthesis and biological activity

Some new pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines and related heterocycles were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal and antiparasitic activities. The key intermediate, 6-amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5-carbonitrile (3) was obtained in a one-pot synthesis via the reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-nitroso-1-phenylpyrazole 2 with malononitrile.     

Synthesis of some 3-hydroxy-5-aminopentanoic acid derivatives

The 5-amino analogues of mevalonic acid and mevalonolactone, 5-amino-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid (VII a) and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-piperidone (III a), and some related compounds were synthesized as possible inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. None of them was found effective on the synthesis of cholesterol in rat liver slices and on HMG-CoA reductase activity in vitro, but 4-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-piperidone (III b) raised high density lipoproteins (HDL) in normolipaemic rats.     

Isoxazoles. VII: Hydrolysis of 4-methyl-5-isoxazolylnaphthoquinone derivatives in aqueous solutions

The kinetics for the degradation of 2-(4-methyl-5-isoxazolylamine)-N-(4-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4 -naphthoquinone-4- imine (1) in solution were investigated at 70 degrees C and at a constant ionic strength of 0.5 over a pH range of 1.75 to 12.85. The degradation rates were determined by absorption and second-derivative UV spectrometry. Two degradation products were identified in acidic and neutral pHs; they are 4-N-(4-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,2-naphthoquinone (2) and 2-methyl-cyanoacetamide (5), respectively. In alkaline pH, two degradation products, 2-hydroxy-N-(4-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine (3) and 5-amino-4-methylisoxazole (4), were isolated. The pathway for degradation of 1 in acidic and neutral pH followed consecutive first-order kinetics since 2 undergoes hydrolysis giving 2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone (6) and 2-methylcyanoacetamide (5). No appreciable buffer effect on the degradation of 1 and 2 was observed for any of the buffer species in this study. The pH-rate profiles exhibited specific acid and specific basic catalysis for 1 and specific acid catalysis for 2. The maximum stability for 1 and 2 occurred in the neutral pH region.     

Structural determinants for AMPA agonist activity of aryl or heteroaryl substituted AMPA analogues. Synthesis and pharmacology

We have previously reported the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of analogues of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA, 1a), in which the methyl group was replaced by a phenyl group (APPA, 1b) or heteroaryl groups. While 2b and its 3-pyridyl analogue 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (3-Py-AMPA, 3) show very low affinity for AMPA receptors, introduction of heteroaryl substituents containing heteroatom in the 2-position provides potent AMPA receptor agonists. We here report the synthesis and pharmacology of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-pyrazinyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (7) (IC50 = 1.2 microM), which is weaker as an AMPA agonist than AMPA (IC50 = 0.040 microM; EC50 = 3.5 microM) but comparable in potency with 2-Py-AMPA (4) (IC50 = 0.57 microM; EC50 = 7.4 microM), as determined in radioligand binding and electrophysiological experiments, respectively. The AMPA analogues 8a-c, containing 2-, 3-, or 4-methoxyphenyl substituents, respectively, and the corresponding hydroxyphenyl analogues, 9a-c, were also synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically. With the exception of 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (9a), which is a very weak AMPA agonist (IC50 = 45 microM; EC50 = 324 microM), none of these compounds showed detectable effect at AMPA receptors.     

来那度胺的合成

N-(叔丁氧羰基)-L-谷氨酰胺(2)经分子内环合、脱保护得中间体3-氨基-2,6-哌啶二酮三氟乙酸盐(4);另用2-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(5)经溴化制得另一中间体2-溴甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(6).4与6经缩合、还原制得来那度胺,总收率约33%(以5计).     

Differential effects of AMPA receptor potentiators and glycine reuptake inhibitors on antipsychotic efficacy and prefrontal glutamatergic transmission

Rationale  

The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor positive allosteric modulators (AMPA-PAMs), Org 24448 and Org 26576, and the glycine transporter-1 (GlyT-1) inhibitor Org 25935 are developed for treatment of schizophrenia.     

Synthesis of new pyrazolo[1,5-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>]pyrimidines

A series of condensed heterocycles containing the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized from 5-amino-3-methyl-4-phenylpyrazole. The spectra of potential biological activity of the synthesized compounds were determined using computer-aided prediction methods, which showed that the most probable properties were corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonism, cyclooxygenase inhibition, and neuroleptic, nootropic, and cardioprotector activity