单药顺铂在局部晚期鼻咽癌同步放化疗中的临床应用分析

目的：评价局部晚期鼻咽癌PDD同步化疗的疗效及毒副反应。方法：52例局部晚期鼻咽癌接受顺铂同步放疗,PDD化疗的第1天就开始实施同步放疗,顺铂30 mg/m2静脉滴注,每周1次,共7次;鼻咽部病灶及阳性的淋巴结给予放疗总量为70Gy,颈部预防性照射给予放疗量50Gy,每周5次,每次2Gy。结果：全部患者均可评价,近期有效率为100%;1年、3年和5年OS分别为100%、88.5%、25%;3年、5年的无病生存率分别为80.8%和19.2%;平均生存时间和中位生存时间分别为48.7月和47月。无病平均生存时间和无病中位生存时间分别为45.7月和45月。结论：局部晚期鼻咽癌含PDD方案的CCRT有较好的疗效,毒性反应可耐受,长期生存需要进一步观察。     

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer of unknown primary: toxicity and preliminary efficacy

PURPOSE: Unknown primary head and neck cancers often require comprehensive mucosal and bilateral neck irradiation. With conventional techniques, significant toxicity can develop. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has the potential to minimize the toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2000 and 2005, 21 patients underwent IMRT for unknown primary head and neck cancer at our center. Of the 21 patients, 5 received IMRT with definitive intent and 16 as postoperative therapy; 14 received concurrent chemotherapy and 7 IMRT alone. The target volumes included the bilateral neck and mucosal surface. The median dose was 66 Gy. Acute and chronic toxicities, esophageal strictures, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube dependence were evaluated. Progression-free survival, regional progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 24 months, the 2-year regional progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rate was 90%, 90%, and 85%, respectively. Acute grade 1 and 2 xerostomia was seen in 57% and 43% of patients, respectively. Salivary function improved with time. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement was required in 72% with combined modality treatment and 43% with IMRT alone. Only 1 patient required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy support at the last follow-up visit. Two patients treated with combined modality and one treated with IMRT alone developed esophageal strictures, but all had improvement or resolution with dilation. CONCLUSION: The preliminary analysis of IMRT for unknown primary head and neck cancer has shown acceptable toxicity and encouraging efficacy. The analysis of the dosimetric variables showed excellent tumor coverage and acceptable doses to critical normal structures. Esophageal strictures developed but were effectively treated with dilation. Techniques to limit the esophageal dose could help further minimize this complication.     

Toxic cure: Hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and fluorouracil for Stage III and IVA head-and-neck cancer in the community

PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy and toxicity of the Duke University chemoirradiation regimen for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer in a regional community cancer center. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between June 1998 and June 2002, 50 patients with Stage III or IVA squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated definitively with concurrent combined modality therapy (CMT). Patients received accelerated, hyperfractionated radiotherapy (AFRT), 1.2-1.25 Gy b.i.d., to a median prescribed dose of 70 Gy. Chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin 12 mg and fluorouracil 600 mg/m(2) daily for 5 consecutive days during Weeks 1 and 6, followed by two cycles after AFRT. Patients with N2-N3 neck disease (n = 21; 42%) were considered for neck dissection depending on their response to AFRT and chemotherapy. Twenty-nine patients with Stage III and IVA disease treated between 1991 and 1997 with definitive RT alone served as historical controls. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients (98%) in the CMT group completed the prescribed AFRT and 38 (76%) completed four cycles of chemotherapy. Three of 8 patients who underwent neck dissection had a pathologically complete response. The median follow-up for all patients was 23 months. The actuarial progression-free survival rate at 2 years was 75% for the CMT group vs. 40% (p <0.01) for the RT group. The overall survival rate was 80% and 43% (p <0.01), respectively, for the CMT and RT groups. Acute Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 3 toxicities for the CMT group were mucosal (n = 50; 100%), skin (n = 9; 18%), and hematologic (n = 3; 6%). Late Grade 3-4 toxicities consisted of pharyngeal stricture (n = 7; 14%), laryngeal chondritis (n = 3; 6%), osteoradionecrosis (n = 2; 4%), and peripheral neuropathy (n = 1; 2%). CONCLUSION: This aggressive regimen of AFRT with concurrent cisplatin and fluorouracil with or without neck dissection is feasible in the community setting for patients with Stage III and IVA head-and-neck cancer. Early results indicated excellent survival, albeit with universal acute mucosal, and considerable, although acceptable, late toxicity.     

调强放疗模式下局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗后同期化疗与单纯放疗疗效比较

目的:探讨调强放疗模式下局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗后同期化疗与单纯放疗临床疗效的比较。方法:回顾性分析2010年-2012年期间在本院采用调强放疗技术治疗的局部晚期鼻咽癌,分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的鼻咽癌患者共120例。所有患者都进行过诱导化疗。放疗范围及剂量为鼻咽原发灶、阳性淋巴结的大体肿瘤体积处方剂量为T1、T2期69.96Gy,T3、T4期72~74Gy;亚临床高危区靶体积处方剂量为60~64Gy;淋巴结阴性引流区处方剂量为50~54Gy。分为单纯放疗组60例,同期化疗组60例。同期化疗方案为单药顺铂为基础的方案。主要观察两组的近期疗效、3年无瘤生存率(DFS)、3年无局部区域复发生存率（LRFS）、3年无远处转移生存率（MFS）、3年总生存率（OS）及治疗的毒副反应情况。结果:两组性别、年龄、病理类型及临床分期的构成比均有可比性。两组患者中位随访36个月。治疗结束3个月两组患者的完全缓解率分别为83.3％、80.0％,3年无瘤生存率分别为78.3％、75.0％,3年的无局部区域复发生存率分别为93.3％、90.0％,3年无远处转移生存分别为81.7％、83.3％,3年总生存率分别为88.3％、86.7％,两组统计学无明显差异。同期化疗组急性毒副反应高于单纯放疗组。结论:在调强放疗治疗模式下,局部晚期鼻咽癌同期化疗与单纯放疗相比,患者的3年总生存率及无瘤生存率未能进一步提高,而急性毒副反应增加,同期化疗在调强放疗模式下治疗策略需要行进一步的临床研究。     

Chemo-reirradiation in persistent/recurrent head and neck cancers

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility and safety of chemo-reirradiation as a salvage treatment in patients with persistent/recurrent head and neck cancers. METHODS: From 1991 to 1999, records of 131 patients with head and neck carcinoma who had loco-regional persistent/recurrent disease following curative therapy were analyzed. Of these, 33 patients had received chemo-reirradiation. Four patients were further excluded as they had been reirradiated by brachytherapy or external radiotherapy alone. The remaining 29 patients received reirradiation along with chemotherapy. They were evaluated for toxicity profile, post-salvage survival and overall survival. RESULTS: The median reirradiation dose was 34 Gy (range, 12-50 Gy) and median cumulative RT dose was 104 Gy (range, 72-124 Gy). The median for chemotherapy cycles was four. Grade 2/3 mucositis, dermatitis, neutropenia were seen in 10%, 7% and 3% of patients, respectively. An overall response rate was seen in 83% of patients with complete response in 31%. All complete responders had received a cumulative RT dose of >/=100 Gy. Those patients who were initially treated by external radiation alone benefited with subsequent chemo-reirradiation with a complete response rate of 54%. The median post-salvage overall survival was 9 months with the 1- and 2-year survival rates being 41% and 12%, respectively. The post-salvage disease free survival (P = 0.01) and overall survival (P = 0.008) were also significantly better in patients who were treated initially by external radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Chemo-reirradiation appears feasible and effective in patients treated previously with external radiotherapy but needs proper patient selection. Patients should be given optimum reirradiation dose, with cumulative doses of >/=100 Gy, along with chemotherapy. This study warrants the need for more prospective trials.     

局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗同步ＰＦ方案或顺铂单药的临床对照研究

目的　对比观察顺铂（ＤＤＰ）单药用于局部晚期鼻咽癌同步放化疗与ＤＤＰ联合氟尿嘧啶（５-ＦＵ）方案（ＰＦ方案）同步放化疗的有效性和安全性。方法　７６例局部晚期鼻咽癌分为两组,４０例接受ＰＦ方案同步放化疗（５-ＦＵ５００ｍｇ／ｍ^２静滴,ｄ１～ｄ５;ＤＤＰ８０ｍｇ／ｍ^２静滴,ｄ１,２１天为１周期）,３６例接受ＤＤＰ单药同步放化疗（ＤＤＰ４０ｍｇ／ｍ２静滴,每周１次,共７次）。鼻咽部病灶及颈部阳性淋巴结给予放疗总量为７０Ｇｙ,颈部预防性照射给予放疗量５０Ｇｙ。结果　全部患者均可评价疗效和毒副反应,ＰＦ方案组及ＤＤＰ单药组有效率均为１００％。ＰＦ方案组的１、３年生存率分别为１００％、８５％,ＤＤＰ单药组分别为１００％、８９％（Ｐ＞０.０５）;ＰＦ方案组与ＤＤＰ单药组的３年无进展生存率分别为７７.５％和７５.０％ （Ｐ＞０.０５）;ＰＦ方案组的中位生存时间为５０.６个月,ＤＤＰ单药组为４８.０个月（Ｐ＞０.０５）。两组毒副反应以恶心呕吐、口腔黏膜炎及白细胞减少为主,差异均有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０.０５）。结论　ＤＤＰ单药与ＰＦ方案用于局部晚期鼻咽癌同步放化疗的疗效相近,患者均可耐受,但ＤＤＰ单药组反应较轻。     

Multi-institutional review of repeat irradiation of chest wall and breast for recurrent breast cancer

PURPOSE: To review the toxicity and clinical outcomes for patients who underwent repeat chest wall or breast irradiation (RT) after local recurrence. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1993 and 2005, 81 patients underwent repeat RT of the breast or chest wall for locally recurrent breast cancer at eight institutions. The median dose of the first course of RT was 60 Gy and was 48 Gy for the second course. The median total radiation dose was 106 Gy (range, 74.4-137.5 Gy). At the second RT course, 20% received twice-daily RT, 54% were treated with concurrent hyperthermia, and 54% received concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up from the second RT course was 12 months (range, 1-144 months). Four patients developed late Grade 3 or 4 toxicity. However, 25 patients had follow-up >20 months, and no late Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were noted. No treatment-related deaths occurred. The development of Grade 3 or 4 late toxicity was not associated with any repeat RT variables. The overall complete response rate was 57%. No repeat RT parameters were associated with an improved complete response rate, although a trend was noted for an improved complete response with the addition of hyperthermia that was close to reaching statistical significance (67% vs. 39%, p = 0.08). The 1-year local disease-free survival rate for patients with gross disease was 53% compared with 100% for those without gross disease (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that repeat RT of the chest wall for patients with locally recurrent breast cancer is feasible, because it is associated with acceptable acute and late morbidity and encouraging local response rates.     

挽救性放疗在局部晚期胃癌根治术后区域淋巴结复发中的作用

目的：评估局部晚期胃癌根治术后挽救性放射治疗在局部区域淋巴结复发中的作用。方法：回顾性分析2005年-2011年26例胃癌术后区域淋巴结复发后行局部放射治疗作为挽救治疗的胃癌患者。排除有腹膜种植转移及远处转移的病例。18个病人进行了放疗,其中部分做了化疗。其他8个仅行化疗未进行放射治疗。三维适形放疗中位剂量56Gy（46~60Gy）。结果：中位随访20个月（4~57个月）。在确诊区域淋巴结复发后中位总生存（ OS ）和无病生存期（ PFS）分别是29个月和12个月。多因素分析显示放射治疗（P＝0.007）和无疾病进展时间（P＝0.030）对于总生存来说是具有显著统计学意义的因子。接受放射治疗者中位总生存期36个月,未行放射治疗者为16个月。此外,进行了放射治疗（ P﹤0.001）做为挽救性治疗后达完全缓解以及体力状态评分与PFS具有明显的相关性。大多数患者接受放射治疗后胃肠道反应比较轻微。结论：挽救性放射治疗联合系统化疗可作为局部晚期胃癌区域淋巴结复发有效的治疗手段。     

69例局部复发鼻咽癌调强放疗疗效及预后分析

目的回顾性分析局部复发鼻咽癌调强放疗的疗效及影响预后的相关因素。方法 69例局部复发鼻咽癌患者均行调强放疗,再程放疗pGTV总剂量为49.5～77.4Gy(中位剂量为66Gy),每次分割剂量1.86～2.5Gy(中位2.1Gy)。48例接受1～6个周期以铂类为基础的化疗。结果全组患者的中位随访时间为20个月,截止末次随访日期,死亡24例(34.8%)。1、2年局部无进展生存率、无远处转移生存率及总生存率分别为92.9%、81.8%、81.8%和88.8%、65.5%、65.5%。单因素分析结果显示,首程放疗方式(P=0.004)和再程放疗总剂量(P=0.011)与生存期相关;多因素分析发现影响局部复发鼻咽癌的独立预后因素有首程放疗方式(P=0.004)和再程放疗总剂量(P=0.004)。放疗期间的急性毒副反应均可耐受。结论 IMRT是局部复发鼻咽癌的有效治疗手段,可提高患者的生存率。首程放疗方式和再程放疗总剂量是影响患者生存时间的独立预后因素。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌同期调强放化疗联合辅助化疗的临床疗效

目的观察同期调强放射治疗联合辅助化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者49例,按92福州分期Ⅲ期30例,ⅣA期19例。鼻咽和上颈部靶体积采用IMRT技术照射,下颈部和锁骨上靶体积采用下颈前切野常规照射。调强放疗设鼻咽大体肿瘤为GTVnx、颈部阳性淋巴结GTVnd、高危临床靶体积CTV1和低危临床靶体积CTV2。处方剂量分别为GTVnx 73.9Gy/33次、GTVnd及CTV166Gy/33次、CTV2(504~594)Gy/(28~33)次。按EORTC或RTOG标准评价急性反应。全组患者均给与同期化疗,放疗结束予3周期辅助化疗。结果中位随访28月,1、2年局部控制率100％,97．96％,1、2年总生存率(OS) 均为97．96％,1、2年无远处转移生存率95.92％、93.89％。结论局部晚期鼻咽癌同期调强放化疗联合辅助化疗可获得较理想的局部区域控率和总生存率。3~4级急性黏膜炎和3～4级血液系统不良反应是化疗的剂量限制性因素。     

新辅助化疗联合同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的毒副反应及近期疗效

Background and Objective:Concurrent chemoradiation therapy(CCRT) is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CCRT has not been determined.Therefore,we conducted 2 phase Ⅱ studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a regimen of docetaxel,cisplatin,and 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)(TPF) followed by radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin in patients with stage-Ⅲ and -Ⅳ(A -B) NPC.This articl...     

Salvage craniospinal irradiation with an intensity modulated radiotherapy technique for patients with disseminated neuraxis disease

PurposeTo report the use and results of a novel intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-based technique used for salvage craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in 6 patients who developed neuraxis disease after initial high-dose conformal radiotherapy (RT) to the brain.Methods and MaterialsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, all patients treated for disseminated leptomeningeal disease with salvage CSI using IMRT with conventional external beam radiotherapy were identified. The medical records and radiotherapy dosimetry were reviewed. Tolerance, morbidity, tumor control, and overall survival were evaluated.ResultsSix patients who received IMRT-based salvage CSI were identified. The median age was 6.5 years (range 2- 34 years) at initial RT and 7.7 years (range, 3-35 years) at salvage CSI. Disease progression necessitating salvage CSI was noted at a median of 10 months (range, 1-26 months) from the initial RT. The original disease site remained well controlled in all 6 patients. The median dose of the initial RT treatment was 52 Gy (range, 30.6-60 Gy). Salvage CSI dose was 36 Gy in 20 fractions in all 6 patients. IMRT was used to treat the cranial contents excluding the previously treated area. Five pediatric patients received electron beams to spine and 1 adult patient received photon beams to spine. IMRT allowed a conformal and uniform dose distribution to the target tissue while excluding previously treated areas. Salvage CSI dose of 36 Gy, delivered using IMRT and 36 Gy using electrons or photons to the spine, proved effective in providing good control of the disease.ConclusionsThis technique of salvage CSI was effective in this patient cohort for leptomeningeal dissemination occurring outside of an area of focal irradiation. The technique was well tolerated and thus far has not been associated with any significant toxicity. Salvage therapy has been effective in 4 of the 6 patients thus far.     

Accelerated Radiotherapy with Concurrent Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers: Evaluation of Response and Compliance

Purpose: Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) is the primary treatment modality for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer patients (LAHNSCC). Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and concurrent chemotherapy is not broadly implicated in our region mainly because of the lack of experience. This study aims at evaluating the response and compliance of this approach in our patients. Methods: Forty patients with LAHNSCC were included and 50% received induction chemotherapy. All the patients were treated with IMRT-SIB radiotherapy for 70Gy over 33 daily fractions. Weekly cisplatin (40mg/m2) was administered during the radiation course.Results: With median follow-up of 1.5 years, LC was achieved in 82.5% of cases and distant control rate was 90%. More than 5 interrupted radiation sessions and GTV volume > 50 cc significantly affected LRC (P= 0.02 and 0.001 respectively). Eighty percent of cases experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Induction chemotherapy and PTV-70 volume >150 cc significantly affected the degree of toxicities (P=0.018 and 0.0001 respectively).The 2 years disease free survival (DFS) was 77%. ECOG PS, large GTV volume (> 50 cc) and RT interruption (>5 sessions) had negative impact on DFS (P= 0.041, 0.002 and 0.001 respectively). The 2 years overall survival (OS) was 87%. Radiation interruption (> 5 sessions) was the only factor which had significant detrimental effect on OS (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy seems to have a negative impact on patient’s compliance to CCRT. Bulky tumors and prolonged radiation interruptions were associated with significantly lower LRC, DFS and OS.     

Intensity-modulated chemoradiation for treatment of stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma: the University of California-San Francisco experience

BACKGROUND: Treatment outcomes for stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy without prior surgical resection were reviewed. METHODS: Between April 2000 and September 2004, 71 patients underwent IMRT concurrent with chemotherapy without prior surgical resection for stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma. Chemotherapy was platinum based. The gross tumor volume (GTV) received 70 Gy in 2.12 Gy per fraction. The high-risk clinical tumor volume (CTV) received 59.4 Gy in 1.80 Gy per fraction, and the low-risk CTV received 54 Gy in 1.64 Gy per fraction. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 33 months, the 3-year local, regional, and locoregional progression-free probabilities were 94%, 94%, and 90%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival estimate was 83%. Locoregional failures occurred in the GTV in 7 patients. Acute grade 3 or 4 toxicity developed in 35 patients. A feeding gastrostomy was placed in 25 patients. Late xerostomia was grade 0 in 16 patients, grade 1 in 31 patients, and grade 2 in 24 patients at last follow-up. No patients experienced grade 3 or 4 late toxicity, except for 1 who developed osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent local and regional control was achieved with IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy without prior surgical resection in the treatment of stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma. Significant sparing of the parotid glands and other critical normal tissues was possible using IMRT with moderate acute toxicities and minimal severe late effects.     

From conventionally fractionated radiation therapy to hyperfractionated radiation therapy alone and with concurrent chemotherapy in patients with early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: The authors' single-institution experience in patients with early-stage (I and II) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated between 1980 and 1998 with either conventionally fractionated (CF) radiation therapy (RT), or hyperfractionated (HFX) RT, or HFX RT with concurrent paclitaxel/carboplatin (HFX RT-Pac/C) was reviewed. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients received 60 grays (Gy) in 30 daily fractions (CF), 116 patients received 69.6 Gy (1.2 Gy twice daily), and 56 patients received 67.6 Gy (1.3 Gy twice daily) with concurrent, low-dose, daily C (25 mg/m2) and Pac (10 mg/m2). Biologically equivalent doses for the 3 groups were 72 Gy, 78 Gy, and 76 Gy, respectively, for acute effects (alpha/beta = 10 Gy) and 120 Gy, 111 Gy, and 111 Gy, respectively, for late effects (alpha/beta = 2 Gy). RESULTS: For all 250 patients, the overall median survival was 27 months, the cause-specific survival was 27 months, the local progression-free survival was 32 months, and distant metastasis-free survival was not achieved; and the respective 5-year survival rates were 27%, 32%, 45%, and 68%. CF achieved significantly inferior survival than either HFX RT alone or HFX RT-Pac/C (P = .0332 and P = .0013, respectively), and no difference was observed between the 2 HFX RT regimens (P = .1934). Only acute hematologic high-grade toxicity (grade >or=3) was more frequent with HFX RT-Pac/C than with either RT alone, whereas other toxicities were similar between the 3 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: HFX RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy may be better than CF in patients with early-stage NSCLC. The role of chemotherapy deserves further investigation, because the group that received chemotherapy in the current study had a higher incidence of acute high-grade hematologic toxicity.     

同步放化疗和单纯放疗治疗ⅡB～ⅢB期宫颈癌的疗效比较

背景与目的:同步放化疗已成为局部晚期宫颈癌的标准治疗模式,但对于放疗联合何种方案的化疗效果最佳,目前尚无一致意见.本研究中我们比较同步放化疗与单纯放疗,以及同步放化疗不同化疗方案的疗效及毒副反应.方法:2003年1月至2004年12月江西省妇幼保健院收治的符合人组标准的ⅡB～ⅢB期宫颈癌患者285例,按住院序号随机分为单纯放疗组142例,同步放化疗组143例.同步放化疗组又按化疗方案不同分为:BP(博来霉素 顺铂)方案同步放化疗51例,TP(紫杉醇 卡铂)方案同步放化疗47例,FP(氟尿嘧啶 顺铂)方案同步放化疗45例.比较单纯放疗组与同步放化疗组患者的3年生存率和不良反应,同时对同步放化疗三种不同化疗方案组的3年生存率及不良反应进行比较.结果:全组中位随访时间为42个月,单纯放疗组与同步放化疗组的3年生存率分别为65%和75%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.042).单纯放疗组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性毒副反应低于同步放化疗组(P<0.001),迟发性毒副反应两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.613).同步放化疗组BP方案、TP方案、FP方案的3年生存率分别为74%、80%和71%,三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.792).三组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性及迟发性毒副反应发生率相似.结论:与单纯放疗相比,同步放化疗可明显提高ⅡB～ⅢB期宫颈癌患者的疗效.在同步放化疗三种不同的化疗方案中,紫杉醇联合卡铂方案组患者3年生存率略高于其他两种化疗方案,毒副反应可耐受,值得进一步研究.     

鼻咽癌IMRT远期疗效和不良反应分析

目的：分析鼻咽癌IMRT的远期疗效和不良反应。方法将2009—2010年间869例病理诊断明确、无远处转移、接受全程IMRT的鼻咽癌患者纳入研究。84．8％接受以顺铂为基础化疗。鼻咽原发灶放疗66～70．4 Gy分30～32次,颈部阳性淋巴结66 Gy分30～32次。 Kaplan－Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验差异和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果5年OS率为84．0％,5年LRFS、RRFS 、DMFS、DFS率分别为89．7％、94．5％、85．6％、76．3％。对局部晚期患者同期化疗有降低远处转移趋势（83．6％比75．7％,P＝0．050）和改善OS趋势（82．6％比77．0％,P＝0．082）。诱导化疗有提高OS趋势（80．7％比71．4％,P＝0．057）,其中含多西他赛或吉西他滨的诱导化疗有提高OS趋势（83．3％比72．2％,P＝0．058）。初始放疗后接受推量者DFS率更低（52．2％比71．1％,P＝0．004）。同期化疗增加远期口干、张口困难,高剂量顺铂增加口干和听力损伤。结论 IMRT治疗鼻咽癌远期疗效较好。同期化疗联合IMRT有降低远处转移趋势,其价值需进一步研究。放疗后残留接受推量似乎与不良预后有关。化疗增加远期不良反应发生率。     

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with protracted infusion of 5-FU and cisplatin for postoperative recurrent or residual esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: We carried out the present study to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) for postoperative recurrent esophageal cancer, which are, at present, unclear. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2002, 16 patients with postoperative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal cancer, and two patients with incompletely resected esophageal cancer were treated with concurrent CT-RT. Patients received protracted infusion of 5-FU 250-300 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 14, 1 hour infusion of cisplatin 10 mg/body on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12, and a concurrent radiotherapy (RT) dose of 30 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. This treatment schedule was repeated twice with a gap of 1 week, for a total RT dose of 60 Gy administered over 7 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients, 13 (72%) completed the CT-RT protocol. A total RT dose of 60 Gy was administered for all except two patients, and doses of chemotherapy were reduced for five patients. Although grade 3 hematological toxicities were frequently noted, non-hematological toxicities of grades 3 and 4 were few. Of the 18 tumors, five (28%) showed complete response (CR). For patients without prior chemotherapy, the CR rate was 40% (4/10). The 2-year survival rate of 13 patients without distant metastases was 19%, with a median survival time of 9.5 months. CONCLUSION: The concurrent CT-RT protocol appears feasible and effective for patients with postoperative recurrent or residual esophageal cancer.     

局部晚期鼻咽癌吉西他滨和顺铂联合调强放疗Ⅱ期临床试验

目的 评价吉西他滨和顺铂与调强放疗序贯治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和不良反应。方法 71例局部晚期鼻咽癌(Ⅲ期 41例、Ⅳ_A期 30例)患者接受新辅助化疗、调强放疗、辅助化疗,新辅助化疗、辅助化疗各2个疗程\[吉西他滨1000 mg/m²,第1、8天静脉滴注(>30 min);顺铂 25 mg/m²,第 1~3天,静脉滴注;21 d为1个疗程\]。调强放疗鼻咽大体肿瘤体积 66.0~70.4 Gy,颈部淋巴结大体肿瘤体积66 Gy, 临床高危靶体积60 Gy,临床低危靶体积54 Gy。结果 新辅助化疗后的有效率为91.2%,主要急性不良反应为 1~2级骨髓抑制。所有患者随访满 3年,3年鼻咽局部控制率、区域控制率、无远处转移率、总生存率分别为93%、99%、91%、90%。3级晚期不良反应中张口困难 1例、听力下降 2例、颅神经损伤 2例。结论 吉西他滨和顺铂联合调强放疗局部晚期鼻咽癌有效、方便、耐受性良好,值得进一步探索药物最适当的治疗周期。     

Initial evaluation of treatment-related pneumonitis in advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To investigate the rate of high-grade treatment-related pneumonitis (TRP) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From August 2002 to August 2005, 151 NSCLC patients were treated with IMRT. We excluded patients who did not receive concurrent chemotherapy or who had early-stage cancers, a history of major lung surgery, prior chest RT, a dose <50 Gy, or IMRT combined with three-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT). Toxicities were graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Grade > or = 3 TRP for 68 eligible IMRT patients was compared with TRP among 222 similar patients treated with 3D-CRT. RESULTS: The median follow-up durations for the IMRT and 3D-CRT patients were 8 months (range, 0-27 months) and 9 months (range, 0-56 months), respectively. The median IMRT and 3D-CRT doses were 63 Gy. The median gross tumor volume was 194 mL (range, 21-911 mL) for IMRT, compared with 142 mL (range, 1.5-1,186 mL) for 3D-CRT (p = 0.002). Despite the IMRT group's larger gross tumor volume, the rate of Grade > or = 3 TRP at 12 months was 8% (95% confidence interval 4%-19%), compared with 32% (95% confidence interval 26%-40%) for 3D-CRT (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemoradiation, IMRT resulted in significantly lower levels of Grade > or = 3 TRP compared with 3D-CRT. Clinical, dosimetric, and patient selection factors that may have influenced rates of TRP require continuing investigation. A randomized trial comparing IMRT with 3D-CRT has been initiated.