106尿碘海醇排泄作为炎症性肠病患者疾病活动性的标志

一些研究发现局限性肠炎（Crohn病）患者的肠道渗透性异常，并认为这是此病的一种发病学因素，作者最近的研究也发现由于肠渗透性增加，局限性肠炎患者尿碘海醇在回肠的排泄显著高于健康对照者，本研究目的是确定炎症性肠病患者的尿碘海醇排泄是否可作为疾病活动性的标志。病人和方法研究炎症性肠病患者56例（局限性肠炎40例，溃疡性结肠炎16例）和健康对照者16名，病人平均年龄38．9。12．6岁，其中33例（59％）系男性；对照者平均年龄M．2。10．6岁，7名（44％）系男性。27例病者有小肠受累，15例有全结肠受累，2例有右侧结肠炎和回肠轻…     

儿童炎性肠病性关节炎一例

肠病性关节炎（enteropathic arthritis，ES）是溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）或克罗恩病（Crohn disease，CD）引起的关节炎的统称．主要表现为不明原因的肠道非感染性炎症伴有关节及全身症状．炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease，IBD）的肠外表现中关节炎的发生率在15％-33％，UC和CD所占比例各家报道不一。     

益生菌对炎症性肠病诱导缓解、维持治疗和贮袋炎作用系统评价

目的 评价益生菌对炎症性肠病缓解、维持治疗和贮袋炎的作用。方法 检索MEDLINE，EMBASE，the Cochrane Con—trolled Trials Register，OVID，BIOSIS和中国生物科技数据库，两位作者独立选取和炎症性肠病缓解率、复发率以及副作用相关的，对比益生菌治疗和非益生菌治疗的随机对照试验，使用Rev Man4．2．10软件统计分析，同时做亚组分析和敏感性分析。结果21项随机对照试验中共有1515例患者符合入选标准：4项研究评估了缓解率，14项研究评估了复发率，3项研究同时评估了缓解率和复发率。通过荟萃分析，炎症性肠病的总体缓解率相对危险度（relativerisk，RR）为1．05（95％CI=0．84—1．31），克罗恩病的缓解率RR0．85（95％CI=0．64—1．13），溃疡性结肠炎的缓解率RR1．18（95％CI=0．87—1．58）；贮袋炎临床复发率RR0．24（95％CI=0．12—0．48），克罗恩病临床复发率RR1．11（95％CI=0．69—1．80）；内镜复发率的RR1．08（95％CI=0．67—1．74）；益生菌与安慰剂比较，炎症性肠病的复发率RR0．51（95％CI=0．29—0．92）；益生菌与5-氨基水杨酸比较，溃疡性结肠炎的复发率RR0．96（95％CI=0．76—1．19）。结论 溃疡性结肠炎患者使用益生菌作为缓解治疗具有和5-氨基水杨酸相同的效果并优于安慰剂，但在炎症性肠病的诱导缓解中无额外益处。     

HLA－A．B与溃疡性结肠炎的关系

ＨＬＡ－Ａ．Ｂ与溃疡性结肠炎的关系吴琳，黄象谦，王绪霖，黄乃侠，张锡玲，刘庆玉溃疡性结肠炎是一种原因不明的炎症性肠病。为深入探讨遗传因素在溃疡性结肠炎发病中的作用，我们对天津地区汉族４０例溃疡性结肠炎患者作了ＨＬＡ－Ａ．Ｂ抗原的检测与分析。材料和方法...     

溃疡性结肠炎局部免疫研究

溃疡性结肠炎局部免疫研究何青雯，陈耀明，甘自俊，贾友兰，李晓燕，蒋海燕粘膜免疫对维持胃肠功能极为重要，与炎症性肠病（ＩＢＤ）的发现也密切相关。为了解溃疡性结肠炎（溃结）局部免疫状况，应用免疫荧光技术和单克隆抗体对溃结患者结肠粘膜组织作免疫细胞计数，现...     

原发性硬化性胆管炎合并炎症性肠病患者的临床特征分析

目的通过比较原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)合并炎症性肠病(IBD)患者和PSC未合并IBD患者临床特征的差异, 进一步探讨PSC合并IBD的疾病特点。方法横断面研究。纳入2000年1月至2021年1月北京协和医院收治的PSC患者42例, 其中合并IBD患者14例;对其人口学特征、临床表现、伴随疾病、辅助检查及治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果 42例PSC患者的确诊年龄为11～74(43±18)岁, 其中14例合并IBD, 共患率33.3%, 确诊年龄为12～63(42±17)岁。PSC合并IBD患者与PSC未合并IBD患者相比较, 腹泻发生率更高, 黄疸、乏力发生率更低(均P<0.05)。PSC未合并IBD患者丙氨酸转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、总胆汁酸、糖类抗原19-9水平更高(均P<0.05), 而PSC合并IBD患者抗核抗体及粪便潜血的阳性率更高(均P<0.05)。PSC合并溃疡性结肠炎患者肠镜表现以广泛结肠受累为主。PSC合并IBD患者5-氨基水杨酸、糖皮质激素应用比例更高(P=0.025)。结论北京协和医院单中心PSC合并IBD的共患率低于西方国家。对于腹泻及粪便...     

炎症性肠病患者血浆TRAF1的表达及其临床意义

目的比较炎症性肠病患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子-1（tumor necrosis factor receptor-assoc iated factor-1,TRAF-1）水平和正常对照者的差异,分析血浆TRAF1水平对炎症性肠病的诊断价值以及与内镜下疾病活动性的相关性。方法共纳入62例克罗恩病患者、64例溃疡性结肠炎患者和56例正常对照者。应用酶联免疫吸附试验（Enzym e-linked immuno-sorbent assay,ELISA）分析炎症性肠病患者和正常对照者血浆中TRAF1蛋白的表达,受试者工作特征曲线（rece iver-operating characteristic,ROC）分析血浆TRAF1水平对克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的诊断价值,应用Pearson相关分析研究血浆TRAF1水平与内镜下疾病活动性的相关性。结果克罗恩病患者（P=0.000）和溃疡性结肠炎患者（P=0.000）血浆TRAF1水平显著高于正常对照者,同时TRAF1对区分克罗恩病患者和正常对照者（P=0.000）以及区分溃疡性结肠炎患者和正常对照者（P=0.000）具有显著的诊断价值。克罗恩病患者血浆TRAF1表达水平和内镜下疾病活动指数呈较低的负相关（r=-0.260,P=0.041）,而溃疡性结肠炎患者血浆TRAF1水平与内镜下疾病活动程度无显著相关性（r=0.029,P=0.821）。结论炎症性肠病患者血浆TRAF1水平增高,血浆TRAF1水平对区分炎症性肠病患者和正常对照者具有诊断价值,但血浆中TRAF1的水平不能反应内镜下疾病活动程度。     

炎症性肠病与肠易激综合征患者心理状况分析

目的探讨炎症性肠病和肠易激综合征患者的心理状况与生理学指标的关系。方法对我院门诊及住院的143例炎症性肠病和肠易激综合征患者进行随访调查，采用SAS焦虑评分表及匹兹堡睡眠指数调查表（PSQI）对患者进行心理焦虑状态、睡眠质量进行评分，同时测定血红蛋白、血沉、c反应蛋白等相关指标；对炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征及炎症性肠病两个亚型溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病的焦虑状态、睡眠质量与相关实验室指标进行比较。结果炎症性肠病与肠易激综合征患者ASA评分、PSQI评分及血红蛋白、血沉等实验室指标比较均有显著性差异；炎症性肠病患者中溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病患者的焦虑评分比较差异有统计学意义。多重线性回归分析显示焦虑状态与睡眠质量、C反应蛋白、疾病年限有相关性。结论焦虑状态及睡眠障碍更多见于炎症性肠病活动期患者；在炎症性肠病的2个亚型中，克罗恩病患者的SAS评分、PSQI评分均高于溃疡性结肠炎患者。焦虑状态与睡眠质量、血沉、疾病年限有相关性。     

白细胞分离法治疗炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）。20％～30％的患者对目前已有的药物治疗反应不佳，最终不得不切除全结肠，因而临床上亟待新的治疗方法。     

溃疡性结肠炎合并肠阿米巴病一例

本研究报道1例溃疡性结肠炎合并肠阿米巴病的病例。患者因腹痛伴黏液血便入院诊治,粪便涂片检查发现可疑阿米巴滋养体,血清学和核酸诊断结果提示溶组织内阿米巴感染,结肠镜和病理检查发现患者合并溃疡性结肠炎。经抗阿米巴和抗炎治疗,患者病情好转。本病例提示临床上遇到黏液血便诊断炎症性肠病的患者,如果抗炎辅以常规抗感染治疗效果不佳,...     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.