肝气郁结证患者正电子发射脑功能成像研究

目的利用正电子发射成像（PET）脑功能成像技术探讨肝气郁结证在特定脑区功能的改变。方法将10例肝气郁结证患者（肝郁组）和20例正常健康志愿者（对照组）进行^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（^18F-FDG）PET成像扫描，应用SPM图像分析软件对扫描数据进行组间t检验分析，获得肝气郁结证引起的脑内葡萄糖代谢变化的区域。结果肝郁组葡萄糖利用率减低脑区（P〈0．001）有右侧顶叶（中央后回，BA1／2）、颞叶（颞中回，BA37）、额叶（额中回，BA9／10）。葡萄糖利用率增高的脑区（P〈0．001）有右侧额叶（额上回、额下回，BA22／28／44）、右侧扣带回、双侧中脑、小脑。结论肝气郁结证可引起特定脑区的功能改变。     

胃癌患者行正电子发射型计算机断层成像检查的护理体会

正电子发射断层显像／X线计算机体层成像（positron emission tomography／computed tomography，PET／CT）作为当今医疗影像学中最先进的设备，融合了PET的功能图像，又兼顾了CT的解剖图像，使两者合二为一，产生高清晰的融合影像，并通过智能化合成分析，有效降低了PET或CT的误差。PET／CT应用最为广泛而成熟的领域是恶性肿瘤的诊断，尤其在胃癌早期诊断中有积极的作用。[第一段]     

正电子发射型计算机断层显像检查患者的护理

目的:探讨正电子发射计算机断层显像检查中的护理方法。方法:对201例患者在进行正电子发射计算机断层显像检查的全过程,实施耐心、细致、周到的护理服务。结果:所有患者均顺利完成正电子发射计算机断层显像检查,所得正电子发射计算机断层显像图像全部达到了临床诊断要求。结论:全程、细致、耐心、周到的护理服务是正电子发射计算机断层显像检查中的一个重要环节。     

胃癌患者行正电子发射型计算机断层成像检查的护理体会

正电子发射断层显像/X线计算机体层成像(positron e- mission tomography/computed tomography,PET/CT)作为当今医疗影像学中最先进的设备,融合了PET的功能图像,又兼顾了CT的解剖图像,使两者合二为一,产生高清晰的     

正电子发射计算机断层显像在脑梗死治疗中的应用进展

脑梗死系由各种原因所致的局部脑组织血液供应障碍,导致脑组织缺血缺氧性病变坏死,进而产生临床上对应的神经功能缺失表现。本文对正电子发射计算机断层显像在脑梗死治疗中的应用进行总结。     

正电子发射计算机断层显像引导X刀治疗癫痫的护理

总结210例顽固性癫痫患在正电子发射计算机断层显像引导下行X刀治疗的护理体会。认为及时、正确、完整的围手术期护理是保证治疗成功的重要环节，正电子发射计算机断层显像检查前控制血糖；检查中准确注射药物；检查后多饮水加速药物的排泄。X刀治疗过程中，护士全程陪护，治疗前遵医嘱预防性用药，防止术中癫痫发作，术后密切观察病情变化，做好病人的康复护理。     

正电子发射断层显像-CT检查的护理

[目的]通过实施正电子发射断层显像-CT(PET-CT)检查的护理措施,确保PET-CT融合图像的质量.[方法]实施全程护理配合,如预约时对受检者进行PET-CT检查的基础知识宣讲,积极做好心理护理;配合医生了解病人的健康史、病史,制订针对性护理措施;测量体重、血糖、准确计算显影药物剂量;选择合适的血管稳、准、快捷地行静脉穿刺,确保注射显影剂无外渗;注射药物后,指导病人合理饮水、安静休息等待检查并协助病人进行扫描检查等.[结果]由于护理流程合理,措施得当,全组206例病人检查的PET-CT融合图像全部达到诊断要求.[结论]规范、细致、周到的护理配合,有助于检查获得高质量的PET-CT图像.     

PET脑成像用于诊断帕金森病研究进展

帕金森病(PD)是第二大神经退行性疾病，严重危害患者健康，并给社会和家庭带来巨大负担。PET脑成像技术可无创、精准评估PD患者脑葡萄糖代谢及多巴胺能神经元功能改变，对早期诊断及临床干预具有重要价值。本文介绍PET脑成像用于诊断PD研究进展。     

正电子发射型断层显像仪的临床应用

正电子发射型断层显像仪（PET）是利用发射正电子的放射性核索及其标记化合物为显像剂对脏器或组织进行功能、代谢和分子成像的仪器。广泛应用于肿瘤、神经与精神疾病以及心血管等疾病的诊断、治疗与研究中，是本世纪最重要的成像设备。     

健康体检中正电子发射计算机断层显像/计算机断层显像检查的应用与探讨

目的探讨正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)/计算机断层显像(CT)检查在健康体检中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2012年1月-2013年11月1 515例到四川大学华西医院接受健康体检的受检者资料,并进行随访。结果通过PET/CT检查共发现恶性肿瘤21例,分别为肺癌7例,结肠癌5例(其中乙状结肠3例,横结肠、升结肠各1例),甲状腺癌4例,鼻咽癌2例,前列腺癌、卵巢癌各1例,其他1例,经进一步检查后确证。结论在某些特定人群的健康体检中具有积极意义。     

Arm Training Induced Brain Plasticity in Stroke Studied with Serial Positron Emission Tomography

We used serial positron emission tomography (PET) to study training-induced brain plasticity after severe hemiparetic stroke. Ten patients were randomized to either task-oriented arm training or to a control group and scanned before and after 22.6 ± 1.6 days of treatment using passive movements as an activation paradigm. Increases of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were assessed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99). Before treatment, all stroke patients revealed bilateral activation of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC). After task-oriented arm training, activation was found bilaterally in IPC and premotor cortex, but also in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC). The control group only showed weak activation of the ipsilateral IPC. After treatment, the training group revealed relatively more activation bilaterally in IPC, premotor areas, and in the contralateral SMC. Five normal subjects showed no statistical significant differences between two separate PET studies. In this group of patients, task-oriented arm training induced functional brain reorganization in bilateral sensory and motor systems.     

PET在神经外科的应用

复习有关正电子发射断层显像术(PET)文献资料,分析归纳PET对脑瘤、癫痫、帕金森氏病等的放射学特点和诊疗效果,提倡临床积极应用PET。     

联合示踪剂正电子发射计算机断层显像用于肝脏占位术前诊断

  目的  观察两种正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography, PET)示踪剂对肝脏占位的诊断价值。  方法  选取本院2004年10月至2010年8月经常规检查无法定性的肝脏占位患者40例, 所有患者均接受¹⁸F-去氧葡萄糖(¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose, ¹⁸F-FDG)-PET和¹¹C-乙酸盐(¹¹C-Acetate)-PET检查。  结果  40例肝脏占位患者经病理证实恶性病变33例, 癌前病变2例, 良性病变5例。双示踪剂PET检查诊断恶性病变34例, 敏感性为97.1%, 阳性预测值为91.9%;¹⁸F-FDG PET诊断恶性病变20例, 敏感性为57.1%;¹¹C-Acetate PET诊断恶性病变29例, 敏感性为82.9%。对于不典型增生、高分化及中高分化的肝脏恶性肿瘤, ¹¹C-Acetate的敏感性为100%, 显著高于¹⁸F-FDG的敏感性28.6%(P < 0.01);对于低分化、中低分化的肝脏恶性肿瘤, ¹⁸F-FDG的敏感性稍高, 但两者差异无统计学意义。  结论  两种PET示踪剂联合应用能提高肝脏占位的术前诊断率, 且有可能提示肿瘤的分化程度, 对于手术的选择有一定指导意义。     

Does Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Induce a Deterioration in Sympathetic Innervation? A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is an effective treatment for the interruption of accessory bypass tracts in WPW syndrome or the modification of the Ay-nodal conduction system in patients with A V-nodal tachycardias. However RFCA may also damage cardiac innervation. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess possible changes in sympathetic innervation after RFCA as evaluated by the cathecholamine analog carbons-11- hydoxyephedrine (HED) positron emission tomography (PET) which allows the visualisation of sympathetic nerve terminals. We investigated nine patients with supraventricular tachycardias before and two to six weeks after RFCA. Myocardial perfusion was depicted by n-I3-ammonia-PET. In addition to visual analysis, HED retention was quantified in the myocardial quadrant distal to the location of intervention; these results were compared with values in remote areas. Before RFC A, myocardial perfusion showed homogenous distribution in 8 of 9 patients. One patient showed a perfusion defect in the posterior wall. HED retention matched perfusion distribution in all patients. After RF'CA there was no significant change observed either in ammonia or in HED distribution. Quantitative HED retention data showed no significant change before versus after RFC A. Thus, HED-PET does not demonstrate any abnormalities of tracer uptake indicating integrity of sympathetic nerve terminals after radiofrequency ablation therapy.     

Positron Emission Tomography for Pretreatment Staging and Posttreatment Evaluation in Cancer of the Anal Canal

Purpose In recent years, combined modality therapy (CMT) with chemotherapy and radiation has replaced surgery as the preferred treatment for cancer of the anal canal. Clinical staging with computed tomography (CT) scan alone may underestimate the extent of disease. We investigated the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) in the staging and determination of response to CMT. Patients and Methods From September 1999 to August 2002, 21 patients with cancer of the anal canal were studied prospectively. All patients underwent pretreatment PET, in addition to standard clinical evaluation that included CT scanning. Follow-up PET studies were ordered one month after completion of CMT. Results Sites of metastases not observed on CT scan were identified in five of 21 patients (24%). These sites included pelvic lymph nodes (four patients) and distant omental metastasis (one patient). In another patient, PET confirmed the presence of suspected M₁ disease in the liver. Posttreatment PET imaging was less useful. Nine patients had minimal residual PET activity at the primary site on the one-month follow-up PET study, but only three of these subsequently developed local recurrence. In addition, recurrences occurred in three patients (two local, one distant) of the six who had negative posttreatment PET studies. Conclusions FDG-PET, in conjunction with CT scanning, provides additional staging information in cancer of the anal canal. This information may have implications for prognosis and radiotherapy planning. Posttreatment PET scans appear to be of little value in predicting durability of response.     

Positron Emission Tomography Studies in Headache

Positron emission tomography (PET) allows the quantitative measurement of regional cerebral flow (rCBF) in humans in quantitative terms. Gross changes in rCBF are due to variation in vessel diameter. Changes of rCBF also reflect synaptic activity (inhibition and excitation). Therefore, PET was used to monitor changes in blood flow during the aura and headache phase of a migraine attack and to investigate focal areas of increased or decreased blood flow, eg, in the brain stem and midbrain. Hemispheric rCBF was unchanged in spontaneous migraine attacks without aura. This was true for the headache side as well as for the nonheadache side. Sumatriptan had no effects on cerebral blood flow. Regional cerebral blood flow was increased in midline brain stem structures during the headache phase, but also when the headache had been treated with sumatriptan. This persisting increased activity might reflect activity of a presumed migraine center in the brain stem. These changes are specific for migraine attacks and are not seen during attacks of cluster headache. Positron emission tomography measurements in the early phase of a migraine attack in a single subject showed flow reductions in the occipital cortex spreading forwards; an observation which would be compatible with the existence of spreading depression in humans. Our attempts to study the aura phase with PET have, to date, been unsuccessful.