输入性COVID-19的临床表现及CT分布特征

目的分析上海市浦东新区输入性COVID-19的临床表现及CT分布特征。方法回顾性分析经病毒核酸检查阳性的12例输入性COVID-19患者的临床及影像学资料,CT主要观察病变的数量、分布、形态、密度、边界、纵隔及胸膜等情况。结果11例有疫区接触史,1例不详;10例有发热,9例有咳嗽;10例白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数正常,7例单核细胞计数升高,10例嗜酸性粒细胞减低,2例C反应蛋白升高,3例血清淀粉样蛋白升高。CT分布特征：12例均为多发病灶,3例累及单个肺叶,3例累及两个肺叶,6例累及多个肺叶;肺下叶累及为主,有10例累及肺下叶;5例肺外周分布,7例肺外周及中心同时分布;胸膜受累11例,12例患者均未见胸腔积液和纵隔淋巴结增大;伴随征象为晕征1例,小叶间隔增厚2例,铺路石征1例,病变内支气管壁增厚、血管增粗7例,充气支气管征3例。结论COVID-19患者临床表现主要为发热、咳嗽;实验室检查白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数多正常,嗜酸性粒细胞计数减低;CT分布特征以肺下叶外周多发磨玻璃样影为主要表现。     

基于CT影像的COVID-19智能辅助诊断方法

目的结合COVID-19患者肺部CT影像学特征,探讨深度学习技术在COVID-19辅助诊断上的价值。方法搜集武汉大学中南医院和华中科技大学同济医学院确诊为COVID-19患者的部分CT影像资料构建小样本COVID-19数据集,将VGG-16具有提取高层抽象特征部分与设计的全连接层共同构成初步的基于迁移学习的COVID-19智能辅助诊断模型,使用COVID-19训练集迭代训练诊断模型,不断优化全连接层网络参数,最后训练出一个基于VGG-16卷积神经网络迁移学习的COVID-19智能辅助诊断模型。结果在COVID-19测试集中早期、进展期和重症期3个类别的样本上,COVID-19智能辅助诊断模型测试的敏感度分别为0.95、0.93和0.96,F1 Score分别为0.98、0.95和0.92,综合的诊断准确率达到94.59%。结论小样本数据集上采用迁移学习技术训练的COVID-19辅助诊断模型具有较高的可靠性,在防控疫情的关键时期,能快速地为医生提供诊断的参考意见,提高医生的工作效率。     

Dense regression activation maps for lesion segmentation in CT scans of COVID-19 patients

Automatic lesion segmentation on thoracic CT enables rapid quantitative analysis of lung involvement in COVID-19 infections. However, obtaining a large amount of voxel-level annotations for training segmentation networks is prohibitively expensive. Therefore, we propose a weakly-supervised segmentation method based on dense regression activation maps (dRAMs). Most weakly-supervised segmentation approaches exploit class activation maps (CAMs) to localize objects. However, because CAMs were trained for classification, they do not align precisely with the object segmentations. Instead, we produce high-resolution activation maps using dense features from a segmentation network that was trained to estimate a per-lobe lesion percentage. In this way, the network can exploit knowledge regarding the required lesion volume. In addition, we propose an attention neural network module to refine dRAMs, optimized together with the main regression task. We evaluated our algorithm on 90 subjects. Results show our method achieved 70.2% Dice coefficient, substantially outperforming the CAM-based baseline at 48.6%. We published our source code at https://github.com/DIAGNijmegen/bodyct-dram.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎胸部CT初诊特征分析

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的胸部CT初诊特点,提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析29例确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的影像学资料,男12例,女17例,平均年龄44±8岁。所有病例均行高分辨率CT扫描,由放射科高年资医生对CT图像进行分析、总结。结果:COVID-19胸部CT初诊典型表现:双肺野外带胸膜下区为主的单发或多发磨玻璃影,可伴小叶间隔增厚;部分多发病灶中同时可见磨玻璃影及实变影,实变影中可见支气管充气征。不典型者表现为单发的斑片状实变影或小结节影。以上少部分病例伴胸膜反应或叶间胸膜增厚,但未见胸水。结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎胸部CT初诊有一定的特征性,结合流行病学及实验室检查可早期诊断。     

40例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者住院中期胸部CT表现严重程度的影响因素分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的临床特征,探讨与住院中期胸部CT表现严重程度有关的影响因素.方法 回顾性收集2020年1月28日至3月15日收治具有完整临床资料、住院第6～10天的胸部CT(住院中期胸部CT)及实验室检查结果的COVID-19患者40例.依据胸部CT表现所示肺内病灶及其累及范围,将患...     

Epidemiological features and dynamic changes in blood biochemical indices for COVID-19 patients in Hebi

BACKGROUNDMillions of people have died of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and retrospective studies of the disease in local regions are necessary.AIMTo characterize the epidemiological features and dynamic changes in blood biochemical indices for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in Hebi, a representative city with a large floating population in North China.METHODSFrom January 25 to February 10, 2020, the clinical data of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in Hebi city (China) were evaluated at admission, and laboratory data for hematologic parameters, inflammatory indices, coagulation function indices, liver function indices, blood lipid indices, renal function indices, myocardial enzyme activities and five blood biochemical markers of immunity were evaluated at admission, upon hospitalization and before discharge.RESULTSSixteen confirmed COVID-19 patients developed pneumonia but were cured after adequate treatment. Fever and fatigue were the common symptoms. The most common laboratory abnormalities of patients at admission were leukopenia, eosinopenia, decreased percentage of eosinophils, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, hypoalbuminemia, mildly increased aspartate transferase activity and levels of bilirubin, and increased levels of β2-microglobulin. Importantly, aggravated liver dysfunction was detected in most patients, which may be partially attributed to virus infection as well as medicinal treatment.CONCLUSIONThis study provides several potential diagnostic markers and dynamic biochemical indices of disease progression to better prevent, diagnose and treat COVID-19 infection.     

Incidence of acute exacerbation in patients with interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 vaccination

Acute exacerbations due to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been reported, but their incidence is unknown. We investigated the incidence of exacerbations of ILD and respiratory symptoms due to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. A questionnaire survey was conducted on adverse reactions to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in 545 patients with ILD attending our hospital and retrospectively examined whether the eligible patients actually developed acute exacerbations of ILD induced by the vaccine. Of the 545 patients, 17 (3.1%) patients were aware of the exacerbation of respiratory symptoms, and four (0.7%) patients developed an acute ILD exacerbation after vaccination. Of the four patients who experienced exacerbations, two had collagen vascular disease-associated ILD, one had nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, another had unclassifiable idiopathic pneumonia, and none had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Four patients were treated using steroid pulse therapy with a steroid taper, and two of the four also received intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Tacrolimus was started in one patient with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eventually, all patients exhibited improvement with immunosuppressive treatment and were discharged. COVID-19 vaccination for patients with ILD should be noted for developing acute exacerbations of ILD with low incidence, although manageable with early diagnosis and treatment.     

Pulmonary contusion mimicking COVID-19: A case report

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a major public health emergency with obvious characteristics of human-to-human transmission,and there are infective asymptomatic carriers.Early identification and proper management of patients with COVID-19 are important.Features in chest computed tomography(CT)can facilitate identifying newly infected individuals.However,CT findings of some lung contusions are similar to those of COVID-19,as shown in the present case.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old woman was admitted to hospital for backache and foot pain caused by a fall injury 1 d before hospitalization.She was suspected of having COVID-19,since there was a confirmed COVID-19 case near her residence.But she had no fever,cough,chest tightness,difficult breathing,nausea,vomiting,or diarrhea,etc.On physical examination,the lower posterior chest of both sides showed dullness on percussion and moist rales at the end of inspiration on auscultation.The white blood cell count and lymphocyte count were 10.88×109/L and 1.04×109/L,respectively.CT performed on February 7,2020 revealed that both lungs were scattered with patchy ground-glass opacity.The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary contusion with thoracic spinal fracture(T12),calcaneal fracture,and pelvic fracture.On day 9 after conservative treatment,her condition was alleviated.On review of the chest CT,the previous shadows were significantly reduced.CONCLUSION Differential diagnosis of lung contusion and COVID-19 must be emphasized.Both conditions require effective prompt actions,especially COVID-19.     

Clustering cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia mimicking COVID-19 pneumonia

BACKGROUNDThe onset symptoms of people infected by Chlamydia psittaci can mimic the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the differences in laboratory tests and imaging features between psittacosis and COVID-19 remain unknown.AIMTo better understand the two diseases and then make an early diagnosis and treatment.METHODSSix patients from two institutions confirmed as psittacosis by high-throughput genetic testing and 31 patients confirmed as COVID-19 were retrospectively included. The epidemiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) imaging features were collected and compared between the two groups. The follow-up CT imaging findings of patients with psittacosis were also investigated.RESULTSThe white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count and calcium were more likely to be decreased in patients with COVID-19 but were increased in patients with psittacosis (all P = 0.000). Lymphocyte count and platelet count were higher in patients with psittacosis than in those with COVID-19 (P = 0.044, P = 0.035, respectively). Lesions in patients with psittacosis were more likely to be unilateral (P = 0.001), involve fewer lung lobes (P = 0.006) and have pleural effusions (P = 0.002). Vascular enlargement was more common in patients with COVID-19 (P = 0.003). Consolidation in lung CT images was absorbed in all 6 patients.CONCLUSIONPsittacosis has the potential for human-to-human transmission. Patients with psittacosis present increased WBC count and neutrophil count and have specific CT imaging findings, including unilateral distribution, less involvement of lung lobes and pleural effusions, which might help us to differentiate it from COVID-19.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎临床表现与影像学特征分析

目的:分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的临床表现与影像学征象,提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾分析解放军总医院第五医学中心确诊的58例COVID-19患者的临床资料和胸部影像学表现。根据新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第6版),将所有患者分为轻型(7例)、普通型(34例)、重型(7例)和危重型(10例)并分析影像学表现。结果:COVID-19患者常见临床表现为发热(47例,81.0%)、咳嗽(31例,53.4%)、乏力(10例,17.2%)。实验室检查:白细胞计数正常或减低52例(89.7%),淋巴细胞计数减低14例(24.1%),C-反应蛋白升高18例(31.0%)。CT表现为双下肺分布阴影(46例,90.2%),COVID-19普通型患者CT主要表现为磨玻璃影(23/34,67.6%)或混合型(17/34,50.0%),周边分布为主(28/34,82.4%),重型及危重型患者CT主要表现为实变(13/17,76.5%)及混合型(14/17,82.4%),周边及中心同时受累(14/17,82.4%)。其他常见征象包括胸膜平行征、晕征、血管增粗征、铺路石征、空气支气管征等。5例重型及危重型患者有胸腔积液。结论:COVID-19患者的胸部影像学表现具有一定特征,不仅能做为早期诊断参考,还能对临床病程及严重程度进行评估。     

COVID-19的临床特征和CT表现

目的探讨COVID-19的临床特征和CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析我院核酸检测确诊的13例COVID-19患者的临床和CT资料。CT重点观察病灶的密度、数目、分布、位置和形态,以及有无胸膜增厚、胸腔积液、纵膈淋巴结肿大或其他伴随征象。结果确诊患者包括男性9例,女性4例,年龄31~67岁（49±12岁）。常见临床症状包括发热（8例）,干咳或咳嗽（3例）,伴有腹泻、恶心呕吐（1例）。2例出现外周淋巴细胞计数减低,5例出现C-反应蛋白增加。CT表现:病灶多发10例,双肺下叶背段或后基底段累及者共11例,以周围性分布（位于胸膜下或叶间裂胸膜下区）为主12例,沿支气管树分布10例,形态以团片状和斑片状为主10例,伴网格状影9例,密度以磨玻璃密度病灶为主11例,病灶临近支气管血管束增粗9例,伴有胸膜增厚或牵拉变形（包括叶间裂扭曲）8例,无胸腔积液和纵膈淋巴结增大。结论COVID-19临床特征常表现为发热和C-反应蛋白的增加,影像表现为肺部外周性磨玻璃影,胸部高分辨率CT扫描能早期发现COVID-19患者的肺部改变。      

低剂量胸部CT筛查肺癌的研究进展

肺癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,该疾病患者死亡率高。尽早诊断与治疗对提高患者的生存质量尤为关键。随着CT技术的发展,低剂量CT的应用愈加广泛,其通过调整CT机扫描参数、优化成像方式,可在最大限度降低辐射剂量的同时提高肺癌影像诊断的准确率。本文对低剂量CT应用于肺癌筛查中的研究进展进行分析。     

Intraoperative care of elderly patients with COVID-19 undergoing double lung transplantation: Two case reports

BACKGROUNDLung transplantation is considered an effective method for treating patients with end-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The nurses play a pivotal role in lung transplantation for COVID-19 patients.CASE SUMMARYTwo elderly patients were admitted to the emergency department due to cough, and the nucleic acid test was positive. The patients were preliminarily diagnosed with COVID-19. The chest computed tomography scan revealed massive lung consolidation, and the patients did not improve after treatment with antiviral drugs, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and other drugs. Under the support of pure oxygen in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the patients’ oxygen levels were still poor, indicating that they were in the terminal stage of viral pneumonia. The patients underwent double-lung transplantation and received intraoperative care. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device was removed within a week of the surgical procedure, and the respiratory circulation of the patients were stabilized.CONCLUSIONHigh-quality care for COVID-19 patients undergoing lung transplantation ensures patient safety during operation while protecting the safety of the medical staff.     

Artificial intelligence computed tomography helps evaluate the severity of COVID-19 patients:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND:Computed tomography(CT)is a noninvasive imaging approach to assist the early diagnosis of pneumonia.However,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)shares similar imaging features with other types of pneumonia,which makes differential diagnosis problematic.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been proven successful in the medical imaging field,which has helped disease identification.However,whether AI can be used to identify the severity of COVID-19 is still underdetermined.METHODS:Data were extracted from 140 patients with confirmed COVID-19.The severity of COVID-19 patients(severe vs.non-severe)was defined at admission,according to American Thoracic Society(ATS)guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).The AI-CT rating system constructed by Hangzhou YITU Healthcare Technology Co.,Ltd.was used as the analysis tool to analyze chest CT images.RESULTS:A total of 117 diagnosed cases were enrolled,with 40 severe cases and 77 non-severe cases.Severe patients had more dyspnea symptoms on admission(12 vs.3),higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)II(9 vs.4)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)(3 vs.1)scores,as well as higher CT semiquantitative rating scores(4 vs.1)and AI-CT rating scores than non-severe patients(P<0.001).The AI-CT score was more predictive of the severity of COVID-19(AUC=0.929),and ground-glass opacity(GGO)was more predictive of further intubation and mechanical ventilation(AUC=0.836).Furthermore,the CT semiquantitative score was linearly associated with the AI-CT rating system(Adj R2=75.5%,P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS:AI technology could be used to evaluate disease severity in COVID-19 patients.Although it could not be considered an independent factor,there was no doubt that GGOs displayed more predictive value for further mechanical ventilation.     

Lung ultrasound findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to venous thromboembolic events: the ECHOVID-19 study

PurposeSeveral studies have reported thromboembolic events to be common in severe COVID-19 cases. We sought to investigate the relationship between lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the development of venous thromboembolic events (VTE).MethodsA total of 203 adults were included from a COVID-19 ward in this prospective multi-center study (mean age 68.6 years, 56.7% men). All patients underwent 8-zone LUS, and all ultrasound images were analyzed off-line blinded. Several LUS findings were investigated (total number of B-lines, B-line score, and LUS-scores).ResultsMedian time from admission to LUS examination was 4 days (IQR: 2, 8). The median number of B-lines was 12 (IQR: 8, 18), and 44 (21.7%) had a positive B-line score. During hospitalization, 17 patients developed VTE (4 deep-vein thrombosis, 15 pulmonary embolism), 12 following and 5 prior to LUS. In fully adjusted multivariable Cox models (excluding participants with VTE prior to LUS), all LUS parameters were significantly associated with VTE (total number of B-lines: HR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.03, 1.26) per 1 B-line increase), positive B-line score: HR = 9.79, 95% CI (1.87, 51.35), and LUS-score: HR = 1.51, 95% CI (1.10, 2.07), per 1-point increase). The B-line score and LUS-score remained significantly associated with VTE in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn hospitalized COVID-19 patients, pathological LUS findings were common, and the total number of B-lines, B-line score, and LUS-score were all associated with VTE. These findings indicate that the LUS examination may be useful in risk stratification and the clinical management of COVID-19. These findings should be considered hypothesis generating.Clinicaltrials.gov ID{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04377035","term_id":"NCT04377035"}}NCT04377035     

Remarkable gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19: A clinical and radiologic overview

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raging around the world still has not been effectively controlled in most countries and regions. As a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, in addition to the most common infectious pneumonia, it can also cause digestive system disease such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver function damage, etc. In medical imaging, it manifests as thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal perforation, pneumoperitoneum, ascites and decreased liver density. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 has great significance in COVID-19-related digestive tract diseases. In this review, we summarized the data on the clinical and imaging manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver injury caused by COVID-19 so far and explored its possible pathogenesis.     

鼻咽癌侵犯副鼻窦的CT表现分析

目的：分析鼻咽癌（NPC）侵犯副鼻突的CT特点。方法：回顾性分析254例经病理证实NPC,其中69例侵犯副鼻窦。CT轴位平扫鼻咽部及副鼻窦,层厚及层距为5mm。结论：254例NPC侵犯副鼻窦69例（27％）。侵犯蝶窦、筛窦、上颌窦124例次,其中蝶窦52例次,筛窦46例次,上颌窦26例次,额窦未见。侵犯蝶窦有2个途径,侵犯筛窦有3个途径,侵犯上颌窦有4个途径。CT表现为窦腔内软组织肿块影并窦壁骨质破坏。结论：CT可明确NPC侵犯副鼻窦的表现、范围及途径,对指导治疗及分期有重要意义。