International collaboration in pharmacy practice research: A bibliometric analysis

BackgroundAlthough international collaborative research has demonstrated a series of benefits in different scientific disciplines, there is no information regarding international collaborative practices in pharmacy practice research.ObjectivesTo map international collaborations published in pharmacy practice research journals between 2009 and 2018.MethodsA set of pharmacy practice journals was objectively selected from a previously published mapping of pharmacy journals. The 25 journals that were more representative of the pharmacy practice category with higher class 5 chi-square in a descending hierarchical classification were selected. Non-reviewed journals, and those not published during the selected period, were excluded. Articles published between 2009 and 2018 were imported from Scopus. Only papers classified as “Articles” or “Reviews” were analyzed. The countries of the authors’ affiliations were identified. International collaboration was defined as articles with two or more countries in the affiliations.ResultsThe 19 journals analyzed published 22,738 papers, with 16,107 classified as Articles or Reviews. Differences in the international collaboration between journals existed. While a total of 13,214 papers were amenable to be authored in collaboration (2 or more authors, with affiliations recorded), only 1670 (12.6%) were published under international collaboration. A very slight positive trend in the international collaboration rate was found. No correlation existed between the Human Development Index, a composite index incorporating statistical measures of a country's average achievements in health, knowledge and a decent standard of living, and international collaboration.ConclusionsLow rates of international collaboration were found in pharmacy practice research articles, although a slightly positive trend was identified. There was an overall association between collaboration and citations received, but no correlation with country development was found.     

基于第三代头孢菌素药动学相关研究的可视化分析

目的 梳理Web of Science数据库中关于第三代头孢菌素药动学(Pharmacokinetics, PK)研究,通过文献计量学和可视化分析方法,评价该领域的研究方向、研究热点以及发展趋势,为今后研究提供经验和借鉴。方法 使用Web of Science数据库进行检索,检索式为“Theme=("Third-Generation Cephalosporin"OR Cefoperazone) OR Ceftazidime) OR Cefixime) OR Cefodizime) OR Ceftriaxone) OR Cefotaxime) AND (pharmacokinetics OR PK OR"Population pharmacokinetics")”,检索时间为2009-2020年。利用VOS-viewer软件进行合著分析(作者、机构、国家)、共现分析和共引分析;通过GraphPadPrism8软件进行第三代头孢菌素药动学研究的趋势分析。结果 对纳入的818篇文献进行可视化分析,结果显示发文量呈现逐年上涨趋势,其中发文量最多的国家是美国(288篇,35.21%),最多的期刊...     

基于文献计量学的国内临床综合评价研究的可视化分析

目的 通过分析总结国内药品临床综合评价的研究现状,预测该领域的发展趋势,为进一步规范我国药品临床综合评价提供参考。方法 利用《中国期刊全文数据库》(中国知网）、《中国学术期刊数据库》（万方）和《中文科技期刊数据库》（维普）,检索建库至2022年临床综合评价的相关文献,获取文献的基本信息,评价文献质量,运用文献计量学及CiteSpace6.1.R3软件对研究作者、研究机构及关键词等内容进行可视化展示。结果 经过筛选最终纳入126篇文献。分析结果显示：发文量有持续上升趋势,文献贡献最多的机构和作者分别是中国中医科学院和谢雁鸣。结论 研究人员紧跟政策要求,以药品临床价值为导向开展了药品临床综合评价。建议研究人员进一步根据政府机构、医药行业、临床应用关注的重点和要求,组织开展综合评价。     

肿瘤治疗的新途径：嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法

免疫疗法已经成为癌症治疗中的重要手段。使用嵌合抗原受体（chimeric antigen receptor,CAR）修饰的T细胞治疗癌症因其显著的疗效成为了癌症治疗研究的新方向。CAR包含抗原结合部分、铰链区、跨膜结构域以及结合活化T细胞的细胞共刺激结构。对目标肿瘤的特异性清除是通过CAR-T细胞对抗原的特异性选择和共刺激信号转导,CAR-T细胞在过继后的转运、维持,以及抗肿瘤功能的保留实现的。此文对目前基于CAR-T细胞疗法的基本原理及临床应用作一阐述。     

Comprehensive analysis of CTLA-4 in the tumor immune microenvironment of 33 cancer types

Immunotherapy has recently become a powerful weapon against cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) was the first immune checkpoint used for immunotherapy. However, CTLA-4-related mechanisms in various cancers have not been comprehensively investigated. This aim of this study was an in-depth investigation of CTLA-4 in the tumor microenvironment and its relationship with other immunomodulators, immune-related pathways and survival outcomes of 33 cancer types.Overall 9,743 tumor samples and 710 normal samples of 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were included. CTLA-4 expression level was compared between tumor and normal tissues in 22 cancer types. The microenvironment cell populations (MCP)-counter method was used to analyze the correlation between CTLA-4 and immune cell infiltration. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were employed to investigate its relationship with immune pathways. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test.CTLA-4 expression was found to be increased in some types of cancer and decreased in other cancer types (P < 0.05). When comparing between different tumor tissues, CTLA-4 was lowest in uveal melanoma (UVM). MCP analysis demonstrated that CTLA-4 had a strong correlation with T cells in almost all cancer types and that CTLA-4 showed a positive correlation with most immune cells in UVM. Immune pathway analysis found that CTLA-4 is involved in a variety of immune pathways. Survival analysis revealed that CTLA-4 can predict patients’ survival outcomes. This comprehensive analysis of CTLA-4 will promote anti-CTLA-4 therapy and personalized combined immunotherapy.     

A proposed approach for analyzing post-study therapy effect in survival analysis

Clinical trials that explore long-term endpoints may confound the analysis when post-study therapy effects are considered. This article introduces a procedure to mediate the effects of confounding and allow inferences of first-line experimental treatments in the presence of post-study therapy. The procedure is evaluated by intensive simulation analyses and applied to an analysis of a clinical cancer trial.     

Science production of pesticide residues in honey research: A descriptive bibliometric study

This work aims to provide a comprehensive study of the available research information on pesticide residues in honey through literature analysis. The research advancements within this research field from 1948 to 2019 are addressed using the Web of Science database. The results from the 685 articles analyzed indicate that this research field is in the focus of interest nowadays (Price index: 47.5%). The yearly production increased steadily from 2001 on, and authors, journals, and institutions followed Lotka’s law. On the other hand, Pico, Y (Spain) (2.5%), Journal of Chromatography A (5.8%), the USA (15.0%) and Agricultural Research Service (USA) (4.0%) were the most productive author, journal, country and institution, respectively. The research hotspots of this field, according to keyword analysis, are related to the chromatographic techniques for the determination of pesticides such as imidacloprid, neonicotinoids, or coumaphos in honey and derivate products such as propolis and wax.     

Recent advances in the liposomal nanovesicles based immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer: A review

Immunotherapy, along with chemotherapy, targeted delivery, radiation and surgery has become one of the most common cancer treatments. The aim of cancer immunology is to use the bodys immune system to combat tumors and develop a robust antitumor immune response. In the last few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells have made substantial advancements in cancer immunotherapy. By boosting cell type-specific delivery and immunological responses, nanocarriers like liposomes have the ability to enhance greater immune responses. The efficacy of anti-tumor therapeutics is being significantly improved as liposomes can assist in resolving a number of issues that can arise from a variety of cancer immunotherapies. Since, liposomes can be loaded with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and protect the immunotherapeutic agents loaded inside the core, they offer significant advantages over other nano delivery systems. The use of liposomes for accurate and timely delivery of immunotherapies to particular targeted neoplasms, with little or no injury to healthy cells, maximizes immunotherapy efficacy. Liposomes are also suitable vehicles for delivering medications simultaneously with other therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and phototherapy. Liposomal nanoparticles will be introduced and used as an objective immunotherapy delivery system for great precision, making them a viable cancer treatment approach.With an emphasis on dendritic cells, T cells, tumor and natural killer cells, and macrophages; outline of many forms of immune-therapies in oncology and cutting-edge advances in liposomal nanovesicles for cancer immunotherapy are covered in this review.     

Mechanisms of immune escape in the cancer immune cycle

Cancer is a critical issue globally with high incidence and mortality, imposing great burden on the society. Although great progress has been made in immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint, only a subset of patients responds to this treatment, suggesting that cancer immune evasion is still a major barrier in current immunotherapy. There are a series of factors contributing to immune evasion despite in an immunocompetent environment. Given that these factors are involved in different steps of the cancer immune cycle. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of immune escape in each step of the cancer immune cycle and then present therapeutic strategies for overcoming immune escape, with the potential to better understand the determinants of immune escape and make anti-tumor immunity more effective.     

基于文献计量的中国真实世界研究现状分析

目的了解我国真实世界研究领域研究现状和研究热点。方法检索PubMed、Embase(Ovid)、CENTRAL(Ovid)、中国知网、维普、万方和中国生物医学数据库,搜集中国学者发表的真实世界研究文献,检索时限均从建库至2020年6月11日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献,利用书目共现分析系统BICOMB 2.0提取和统计文献信息,运用图形聚类工具包gCLUTO聚类分析关键词。结果最终纳入中国学者发表的真实世界研究文献1612篇,总体发文量呈递增趋势,发文期刊638种,发文量较多机构包括中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所、中国人民大学、中国人民解放军海军总医院等。研究热点问题广泛,涉及中药和中医证候研究,药物临床应用过程中的安全性和不良反应研究,心脑血管疾病风险因素、治疗措施和临床结局等主题。结论真实世界研究在国内起步晚但发展迅速,研究热点问题广泛。     

我国一类新药“头孢硫脒”相关文献计量分析

摘要：目的 通过对我国自行研发的一类新药“头孢硫脒”自1978年首次文献报道到2022年5月,近44年的期刊文献计量 分析,探讨学界对“头孢硫脒”在研发和临床使用等阶段的科研关注。方法 以中国知网总库(CNKI)为检索数据来源,通过 CNKI计量分析系统、Citespace可视化分析软件,从发文时间分布,作者合作网络,关键词共现、聚类及时间线路径等层次进 行分析,挖掘“头孢硫脒”的研究热点、知识基础及发展关键路径。结果 共纳入文献280篇,核心作者有19位;关键词共现 分析得到高频词8个;关键词聚类分析显示发表文献的关键词聚类到15个类别;关键词路径分析头孢硫脒的研究主要分为两阶 段,第一阶段是头孢硫脒的研发阶段,研究热点是“合成”“药理”“临床研究”;第二阶段是头孢硫脒临床使用阶段,研究 热点是药品的“不良反应”“临床疗效”和“稳定性”。结论 作者、研究机构的合作比较分散,研究内容主要围绕药物合 成、质量稳定性、临床疗效展开,对头孢硫脒的研究趋势是质量控制、稳定性、耐药性及临床疗效等方面。     

大肠癌根治术后腹腔免疫治疗的临床研究

目的研究腹腔免疫治疗对大肠癌术后腹腔局部复发和肝转移的疗效及安全性。方法172例大肠癌根治术后患者,随机分为常规腹腔化疗组86例（对照组）和腹腔免疫治疗组86例（观察组）;对照组应用氟尿嘧啶1．0g、丝裂霉素8mg进行腹腔灌注化疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用白细胞介素-2治疗,观察两组治疗有效率及肿瘤复发情况。结果观察组有效率（70．9％）高于对照组（55．8％）（P〈0．05）;观察组三年生存率（83．7％）、无瘤生存率（44．2％）高于对照组的62．8％、22．1％（P〈0．05）;观察组三年复发率（25．6％）、及肝转移率（34．9％）低于对照组的37．8％、48．9％（P〈0．05）;两组胃肠道反应、Ⅰ或Ⅱ度骨髓抑制、肝功能异常（谷丙转氨酶升高）发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论大肠癌根治术后进行早期腹腔免疫治疗,可有效地预防腹腔肿瘤局部复发和肝脏转移,提高生存率,值得临床推广应用。     

鼻咽癌药物疗法的药效分析

目的从治疗效果、安全性、经济合理性角度探讨治疗中晚期鼻咽癌患者的不同用药方案,选出最佳用药方案。方法统计2000年至2005年共173例中晚期鼻咽癌患者不同治疗方案的治疗效果(有效率、2年复发率和5年存活率),药物不良反应,药物成本,并联系近期研究数据进行分析比较。其中紫杉醇+顺铂治疗组(PP组)41例,环磷酰胺+5-FU治疗组(CF组)32例,顺铂+5-FU治疗组(PF组)33例,平阳霉素+5-FU(BF组)治疗组30例,阿霉素+顺铂治疗组(AP组)37例。结果 PP组的有效率高达78%,2年复发率为31%,5年存活率为68%,其不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、神经毒性等,其程度较轻,但药物成本高。其余各组的治疗效果各有特点,有不同类型以及不同程度的不良反应,各组的药物成本也各不相同。结论综合治疗效果、安全性、经济合理性这3个因素考虑,顺铂+5-FU方案以其有效率较高、毒性小、不良反应较轻,而且药物成本经济合理,在研究的5组方案中是最佳方案。     

生物被膜研究文献计量分析

目的:分析1970-2011年三大数据库(Pubmed、Embase、ISI)收录的生物被膜(biofilm,BF)相关文献,了解BF的研究进展,为我国抗感染领域科研工作者确定研究课题、利用和探索文献提供参考.方法:以biofilm作为检索字段,检索三大数据库中全部相关文献,对纳入研究文献的发表年限、作者、语种、文章类型、感染类型等进行分析.结果:共检索出相关文献22557篇,文献量逐年递增.17439篇研究型论著申以体外实验为主,金黄色葡萄球菌为研究最多的菌种;人体生物被膜相关感染研究论著4969篇,研究最多的感染部位依次是呼吸道、皮肤软组织、泌尿道;研究最多的感染性疾病依次是肺炎及气管支气管灸、口腔根管疾病和申耳炎.有121篇生物被膜相关感染的随机对照临床试验发表.结论:国际对于BF相关研究的重点有从基础向临床转化的趋势,BF相关体内模型的建立仍是BF研究领域的重点之一.     

Colorectal cancer stem cell vaccine with high expression of MUC1 serves as a novel prophylactic vaccine for colorectal cancer

Targeted clearance of colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) has become a novel strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Molecule mucin1 (MUC1) is one of targetable cell surface antigens in CCSCs. However, the critical role of MUC1 in anti-tumor effects of CCSC vaccine remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that MUC1 may be required for CCSC vaccine to exert tumor immunity. CD133⁺CCSCs were isolated from CT26 cell line using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system, and MUC1 shRNA or recombinant plasmid was further used to decrease or increase the expression of MUC1 in CD133⁺CCSCs. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with the CCSC lysates, MUC1 knockin CCSCs, and MUC1 knockdown CCSCs respectively, followed by a challenge with CT26 cells. We found that CCSC vaccine significantly reduced the tumor growth via a target killing of CCSCs as evidenced by a decrease of CD133⁺ cells and ALDH⁺ cells in tumors. Moreover, CCSC vaccine markedly increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells and the splenocytes, and promoted the release of IFN-γ, Perforin, and Granzyme B, and also reduced the TGF-β1 expression. Additionally, CCSC vaccination enhanced the antibody production and decreased the myeloid derived suppressor cells and Treg subsets. More importantly, MUC1 knockdown partly impaired the anti-tumor efficacy of CCSC vaccine, whereas MUC1 overexpression dramatically enhanced the CCSC vaccine immunity. Overall, these results reveal a novel role and molecular mechanisms of MUC1 in CCSC vaccine against colorectal cancer.     

沙利度胺临床新用途研究文献计量分析

目的：检索和分析1964–2010年国内外有关沙利度胺文献资料,为了解沙利度胺治疗病种文献,确定沙利度胺研究课题提供参考。方法：在Embase、Pubmed、Cochrane、ISI和CBMdisc数据库中检索全部关于沙利度胺的文献,采用文献计量学方法,对纳入研究文献的发表年限、作者排序、文章类型、治疗病种等进行分析。结果：国内外沙利度胺相关文献总数为17366篇,其中,中文789篇,外文16577篇。自1957年上市后,1961年因致畸致死等严重药害事件,沙利度胺文献迅速减少;而20世纪90年代初期,大量基础研究文献报道了沙利度胺具有免疫调节和抗肿瘤活性,FDA分别于1998年和2003年批准了麻风性结节性红斑和多发性骨髓瘤作为其新适应证,沙利度胺文献数目随之激增,尤其是对新治疗病种的研究文献逐年递增。结论：经过50多年对沙利度胺药理作用机制的不断深入研究,其在免疫性疾病和肿瘤疾病的临床应用越来越广泛,且发现其对多种罕见难治性疾病的临床新用途。     

Clinical advances of nanocarrier-based cancer therapy and diagnostics

Introduction: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and efficient new strategies are urgently needed to combat its high mortality and morbidity statistics. Fortunately, over the years, nanotechnology has evolved as a frontrunner in the areas of imaging, diagnostics and therapy, giving the possibility of monitoring, evaluating and individualizing cancer treatments in real-time.

Areas covered: Polymer-based nanocarriers have been extensively studied to maximize cancer treatment efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of standard therapeutics. Regarding diagnosis, nanomaterials like quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles or gold nanoparticles have been developed to provide rapid, sensitive detection of cancer and, therefore, facilitate early treatment and monitoring of the disease. Therefore, multifunctional nanosystems with both imaging and therapy functionalities bring us a step closer to delivering precision/personalized medicine in the cancer setting.

Expert opinion: There are multiple barriers for these new nanosystems to enter the clinic, but it is expected that in the near future, nanocarriers, together with new ‘targeted drugs’, could replace our current treatments and cancer could become a nonfatal disease with good recovery rates. Joint efforts between scientists, clinicians, the pharmaceutical industry and legislative bodies are needed to bring to fruition the application of nanosystems in the clinical management of cancer.     

Pharmacy practice research in Saudi Arabia; A bibliometrics analysis from (2000 to 2021)

BackgroundPharmacy is a growing profession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which has experienced tremendous changes in the past 20 years. Pharmacy practice or clinical pharmacy have an attention ever since the emerging of PharmD programs throughout the Saudi universities. As a result, the number of affiliated faculty in the pharmacy practice departments has increased dramatically in the past 20 years and thus significant changes in research output were observed.ObjectivesThe main objective is to conduct a bibliometric analysis and evaluate the research output of pharmacy practice faculty in Saudi Universities from 2000 to 2021MethodsA systematic search was conducted using Scopus database to explore the research output from pharmacy practice affiliated faculty from 2000 to 2021. The following search terms AFFILORG (“Pharmacy Practice Department” OR “Department of Pharmacy practice” OR “Clinical Pharmacy Department” OR “Department of Clinical Pharmacy” OR “Department of Pharmacy Services”) AND AFFILCOUNTRY (“Saudi Arabia” OR “KSA” OR “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”) were used. Only original research papers were retrieved and analyzed using MS Excel (v16.0), MS Access (v16.0), Bibexcel (v2017), VOS viewer, and Biblioshiny.ResultsIn the past two decades, most publications with pharmacy practice departments affiliation were pharmacy practice research irrelevant (only 1075 out of 2809). King Saud University and King Abdulaziz University were the top performing institutes, and median of 5-year impact factor for journals was more than 3 for most of the top 10 institutes. 19% of the total retrieved articles were review publications were the rest majorly classified as cross-sectional studies.ConclusionThe research contribution of pharmacy practice departments in Saudi Arabia has been improving. Key recommendations are to promote more applied and interventional research, increase publications in top journals, and enhance national collaborations.     

某院1200份肿瘤住院患者用药医嘱点评及分析

目的 了解该院肿瘤住院患者的用药情况,为提高临床合理用药水平提供参考.方法 随机抽取该院2015年7月—2016年6月肿瘤内科、呼吸内科及普外科1200份肿瘤住院患者的病历,以《医院处方点评管理规范(试行)》等为依据,对病历医嘱的规范性及合理性进行分析、评价.结果 所抽查的1200份病历中,用药医嘱合理病历为972份(81％),不合理病历228份(19％).不合理用药主要包括:适应证不适宜、溶媒量不合理、遴选药品不适宜、给药剂量不合理、给药频次不合理、给药途径不合理、溶媒选择不适宜、联合用药不适宜及重复用药等.结论 通过对肿瘤住院患者用药医嘱的点评,可以提高医疗质量,保障患者的用药安全.