A lack of postoperative complications after pancreatectomy contributes to the long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer

Background/Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the factors affecting patients’ survival and the characteristics of five-year survivors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after pancreatectomy as well as to clarify the correlation between the development of postoperative complications and a five-year survival.MethodsA total of 104 patients underwent pancreatectomy for PDAC between April 2005 and March 2013 with curative intent. Patients who survived for more than five years after pancreatectomy were classified as long-term survivors. Sixteen demographic and clinical variables and 10 pathological variables were comprehensively assessed for their associations with the patients’ survival time and long-term survival.ResultsThe presence of preoperative comorbidity (OR: 1.65, 95% CI 1.02–2.67, p = 0.042), postoperative overall complications (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.03–3.10, p = 0.041), a lymph node positivity ratio of ≥0.2 (OR: 3.04, 95% CI 1.51–6.11, p = 0.002), and portal invasion (OR: 2.58, 95% CI 1.48–4.49, p = 0.001) were identified as independent factors affecting the patients’ survival. The absence of postoperative overall complications was identified as an independent factor related to long-term survival in the multivariate analysis (OR: 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.82, p = 0.034).ConclusionsThe presence of preoperative comorbidity, postoperative overall complications, LNR ≥0.2, and portal invasion were prognostic factors affecting the patients’ survival, and avoiding postoperative complications after pancreatectomy might contribute to the long-term survival of PDAC patients after pancreatectomy. The further improvement of surgical procedures and perioperative care in order to reduce the rate of postoperative complications should be attempted.     

5-羟色胺与焦虑、抑郁的关系及其在溃疡性结肠炎发病中的作用

目的研究溃疡性结肠炎患者5-羟色胺与焦虑、抑郁评分的关系,进一步探讨神经肽及焦虑、抑郁因素在溃疡性结肠炎中的作用。方法收集UC病例（42例）、IBS病例（20例）及正常对照（10例）的结肠镜活检标本。采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）对所有受试者进行焦虑抑郁评分;应用高效液相色谱法检测肠黏膜中5-羟色胺的含量。结果 UC患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁症状,中重度UC患者结肠黏膜中5-HT的含量均较正常对照组增高,尤其重度UC增高明显,UC患者焦虑、抑郁评分与肠黏膜5-HT含量呈正相关,并在一定程度上反映临床轻重程度分级。结论 UC存在神经内分泌的改变,且神经激素的改变可能参与UC疾病进展。     

The impact of extent of pancreatic and venous resection on survival for patients with pancreatic cancer

BackgroundBorderline resectable pancreatic cancer may require extended resections in order to achieve tumor-free margins, especially in the case of up-front resections, but it is important to know the limits of surgical therapy in this disease. This study aimed to investigate the impact of extent of pancreatic and venous resection on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsThis was a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database of pancreatic resections for PDAC. Short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed in patients having borderline resectable PDAC submitted to up-front total pancreatectomy (TP) or pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with simultaneous portal vein (PV) and/or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection. Venous resections were carried out as tangential venous resection (TVR) or segmental venous resection (SVR). Patients were divided into 4 groups: (1) PD + TVR, (2) PD + SVR, (3) TP + TVR, (4) TP + SVR. Uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with survival.ResultsNinety-nine patients were submitted to simultaneous pancreatic and venous resection for PDAC. Among them, 25 were submitted to PD + TVR (25.3%), 12 to PD + SVR (12.1%), 23 to TP + TVR (23.2%), and 39 to TP + SVR (39.4%). Overall, major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ IIIA) was 26.3%. Thirty- and 90-day mortality were 3% and 11.1%, respectively. There were no significant differences among groups in terms of short-term outcomes. Median overall survival of patients submitted to PD + TVR was significantly higher than those to TP+SVR (29.5 vs 7.9 months, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified TP (HR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.31–3.44; P = 0.002) and SVR (HR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.27–3.15; P = 0.003) as the only independent prognostic factors for overall survival.ConclusionsUp-front TP associated to SVR was predictive of worse survival in borderline resectable PDAC. Perioperative treatments in high-risk surgical groups may improve such poor outcomes.     

抑郁症与抑郁/焦虑共病患者的人格特征及社会支持对比研究

目的 探讨抑郁症与抑郁/焦虑共病患者的人格特征及社会支持的特点及与正常人的差异.方法 对同时符合美国精神疾病和统计手册第四版(DSM-IV)抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍诊断标准的36例患者(共病组)与33例仅符合抑郁障碍诊断者(抑郁症组)分别进行艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评定,并与30名正常人(正常组)对照,然后进行对比分析.结果 共病组和抑郁症组的EPQ-N、L因子分均高于正常组,EPQ-E因子分低于正常组,差异有显著性(P《0.05或P《0.01),SSRS总分及主观支持和对支持利用度两个因子分均低于正常组(P《0.05或P《0.01).共病组与抑郁症组的EPQ和SSRS总分及因子分组间差异无显著性(P》0.05).结论 抑郁症与抑郁/焦虑共病患者均具有神经质、内向和过度掩饰的个性特征,需要更多的社会支持.     

Prevalence of depression and anxiety in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and its association with unsuccessful treatment outcome: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Thailand. TB causes chronic disease which may cause physical disability, mental and socioeconomic problems in TB patients. Mental disorders may occur after TB infection or co-exist with the disease. This study assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety among pulmonary TB patients and its association with treatment outcome.MethodsThis is a single-center prospective study. Pulmonary TB patients who were treated at a tertiary hospital, in both outpatient and in-patient settings, were enrolled into the study. Demographic data and Thai Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score at baseline and at least 2 months after diagnosis were collected to evaluate the probability of depression and anxiety. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Association between suspicious mental disorder and treatment outcome were evaluated at the end of each participant's treatment.ResultsOne hundred and three participants were enrolled into the study on March 2018 to October 2019. The prevalence of probable depression and anxiety (Thai HADS score ≥11 from both test) were 7.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Unsuccessful treatment outcome rate was 10.7% (11/103). From the multivariate analysis, people previously treated/relapsed (aOR (95%CI): 7.04 (1.19–41.85), p = 0.03) and probable depression/anxiety with Thai HADS score ≥11 (10.12 (1.54–66.45), p = 0.02) were associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome.ConclusionsIn this study, Thai HADS score could identify probable depression and anxiety among pulmonary TB patients, and its association with unfavorable treatment outcome. Clinicians should keep in mind that pulmonary TB can affect the mental status of the patients and therefore, should evaluate them and provide appropriate treatment.     

Severe morbidity after pancreatectomy is accurately predicted by preoperative pancreatic resection score (PREPARE): A prospective validation analysis from a medium-volume center

Background: Major morbidity in pancreatic surgery remains high. Different scores for predicting complications have been described. Preoperative pancreatic resection(PREPARE) score is based on objective preoperative variables and offers good predictive accuracy for Clavien ≥ III complications. This study aimed to validate this score and analyze other preoperative variables in a prospective study performed in a medium-volume center. Methods: A total of 50 pancreatic resections were included. Preoperative variables were registered and PREPARE was calculated. The main outcome was severe morbidity(Clavien ≥ III) up to 30 days after discharge. The secondary outcomes were length of stay(LOS) and readmission. Statistical validation was performed to compare severe morbidity rate among the scores categories. Association with other preoperative variables(not included in PREPARE) was also tested. Results: Of the 50 pancreatic resections, the severe morbidity was 34.0%, with median LOS of 11 days. Readmission rate was 25.5%. Severe morbidity rates according to PREPARE categories were 18.5% in lowrisk group, 41.7% in intermediate-risk group, and 63.6% in high-risk group, respectively( P = 0.023). The accuracy was 72%(Hosmer–Lemeshow, P = 0.86). ROC curve was obtained both for PREPARE score expressed as incremental values and categorized as the three risk groups, showing an area under curve(AUC) of 0.736(95% CI: 0.586–0.887; P = 0.007) and 0.712(95% CI: 0.555–0.869; P = 0.015), respectively. PREPARE was significant in multivariate analysis. Median LOS was statistically higher as PREPARE category increases(9, 11 and 15 days in low-, intermediate-and high-risk groups, respectively; P = 0.009). Readmission was not associated with any variables. Conclusions: PREPARE behaves as an independent risk factor for severe morbidity after pancreatic surgery. Score validation shows good accuracy prediction. Increasing PREPARE category is also associated with longer LOS.     

Comparative analysis of the sarcopenia and HALP score on postoperative outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients after pancreatoduodenectomy

BackgroundSarcopenia and HALP (Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet) scores are factors commonly associated with postoperative outcomes used in cancer patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of these two prognostic factors on postoperative outcomes in operated pancreatic cancer patients and their correlation with each other.MethodsThe study is a single-center, retrospective study conducted with 179 patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) between January 2012 and January 2022. The Psoas muscular index (PMI) and HALP scores of the patients were calculated. Cut-off values were determined in order to determine the nutritional status of the patients and to group them. The cut-off value of the HALP score was determined according to survival status. In addition, the clinical data and pathological findings of tumors were collected. These two parameters were evaluated in terms of length of hospital stay, postoperative complication rates, fistula development, and overall survival, and their correlations with each other were examined.ResultsOf the patients, 74 (41.3%) were female, and 105 (58.7%) were male. According to PMI cut-off values, 83 (46.4%) patients were in the sarcopenia group. According to the HALP score cut-off values, 77 (43.1%) patients were in the low HALP group. Sarcopenia and Low HALP group had a higher risk of death (respectively Hazard ratio:5.67, CI:3.58–8.98, Hazard ratio:5.95, CI: 3.72–9.52) (p < 0.001). There was a moderate correlation between PMI and HALP score (rs = 0.34, p = 0.01). The correlation in these values was higher in the female gender.ConclusionsIn line with the data obtained from our study, HALP score and sarcopenia are among the important parameters used to evaluate postoperative complications and provide information about survival. Patients with a low HALP score and sarcopenic have an increased likelihood of developing postoperative complications and a lower survival.     

The quality of pain management in pancreatic cancer: A prospective multi-center study

Background/objectivesPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is frequently associated with severe pain. Given the almost inevitably fatal nature of the disease, pain control is crucial. However, data on quality of pain management in PDAC is scarce.MethodsThis is a multi-center, prospective study to evaluate the quality of pain management in PDAC. Insufficient pain treatment (undertreatment) was prevalent if there was an incongruence between the patients level of pain and the potency of analgesic drug therapy. Determinants of pain and undertreatment were identified using multivariable logistic regression.Results139 patients with histologically confirmed PDAC were analyzed. The prevalence of pain was 63%, with approximately one third of the patients grading their pain as moderate to severe. Palliative stage (OR: 3.37, 95%CI: 1.23–9.21, p = 0.018) and localization of the primary tumor in the body or tail (OR: 2.57, 95%CI: 1.05–6.31, p = 0.039) were independent determinants of pain. Of those reporting pain, 60% were undertreated and in 89% pain interfered with activities and emotions. Age ≥ 70 years (OR: 3.20, 95%CI: 1.09–9.41, p = 0.035) was an independent predictor of undertreatment. Patients with longer-known PDAC ( ≥ 30 days) showed improved pain management compared to new cases (OR: 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05–0.81, p = 0.025). Treatment by gastroenterologists (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.05–0.89, p = 0.034) was associated with less undertreatment.ConclusionsThe results show a high proportion of PDAC patients with pain, pain interference and undertreatment, whose characteristics could help to identify patients at risk in the future. Several changes in the management of cancer-related pain are necessary to overcome barriers to optimal treatment.     

Negative prognostic impact of sarcopenia before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer

ObjectivesTo elucidate the prognostic impact of sarcopenia before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for pancreatic cancer (PC).MethodsWe retrospectively studied 75 consecutive PC patients who underwent neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus S-1 combination therapy followed by pancreatectomy between 2008 and 2016. According to the skeletal muscle volume index (SMI), the patients were divided into the muscle attenuation group (MAG) and normal group (NG) before or after NAC. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe MAG showed significantly poorer OS than the NG before and after NAC. Pre-NAC, median OS was 20.0 months in the MAG versus 49.0 months in the NG (p = 0.006). Post-NAC, median OS was 21.3 months in the MAG versus 48.8 months in the NG (p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis, excluding muscle attenuation after NAC because of confounding factors and lower hazard ratio (2.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–3.78, p = 0.016) than that before NAC (2.14, 1.23–3.70, p = 0.007) by univariate analysis, revealed the following independent prognostic factors: muscle attenuation pre-NAC (2.25, 1.26–4.05, p = 0.007); borderline resectability (1.96, 1.04–3.69, p = 0.038); operative blood loss (2.60, 1.38–4.88, p = 0.003); and distant metastasis (3.31, 1.40–7.82, p = 0.006).ConclusionsSarcopenia before and after NAC for PC is suggested to be a poor prognostic factor, with a stronger impact before than after NAC.     

Impact of preoperative sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes following pancreatic resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Morphometric analysis of sarcopenia has garnered interest due to its putative role in predicting outcomes following surgery for a variety of pathologies, including resection for pancreatic disease. However, there are no standard recommendations on whether sarcopenia is a clinically relevant predictor of outcomes in this setting. The aim of this study was to review the prognostic impact of preoperatively diagnosed sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes following pancreatic resection.

Narrative review of anxiety and depression in patients with esophageal cancer: underappreciated and undertreated

Depression and anxiety are emotional disorders that commonly affect patients with esophageal cancer. As a result of its high morbidity, mortality, and complication rates, this population is at particularly high risk for developing or exacerbating affective disorders; even when compared to patients with other forms of cancer. Many of the medical conditions and social behaviors that predispose patients to this disease are also independently associated with affective disorders, and likely compound their effects. Unfortunately, in the existing literature, there is wide variability in study design and diagnostic criteria. There is no standard method of evaluation, many studies are limited to written surveys, and widespread mental health screening is not included as a part of routine care. As a result, the prevalence of these illnesses remains elusive. Additionally, psychiatric and psychosocial illness can affect compliance with surveillance and treatment, and gaps in knowledge may ultimately influence patient outcomes and survival. This review will discuss the existing literature on depression and anxiety in patients with esophageal cancer. It will highlight current methods of psychological evaluation, the prevalence of affective disorders in this population, and their effects on treatment, compliance, and outcomes. It will also discuss possible screening tools, treatments and interventions for these comorbid illnesses that may improve oncologic outcomes as well as quality of life.     

Study protocol for a multi-institutional prospective surveillance study among kindreds with familial pancreatic cancer and individuals with hereditary pancreatic cancer syndrome: The Diamond Study

BackgroundFamily history of pancreatic cancer (PC) and some hereditary cancer syndromes are risk factors for PC. Previous studies suggest that conducting surveillance for kindreds at high risk for familial PC may be useful for diagnoses at the stage where resections can still be implemented; however, there is insufficient evidence linking surveillance and increased rates of resectable PC.MethodsWe launched a surveillance study for kindreds with familial PC and individuals with hereditary PC syndrome, titled the “Diamond Study,” in June 2020. This Japanese national multi-institutional prospective intervention study has been initiated to conduct evaluations within a prospective clinical trial format.ResultsThe primary endpoint is the fraction of patients with resectable PC among patients with PC found through surveillance interventions. Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging combined with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography will be performed alternatively every 6 months for up to 15 years, with 400 as the predicted number of registered participants and a predicted registration period of 10 years.ConclusionWe intend to scientifically prove the usefulness of surveillance for kindreds with familial PC and individuals with hereditary PC syndrome to improve PC prognoses.     

Computer assisted surgery,preoperative planning and navigation for pancreatic cancer

Currently, the best treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer is considered to be safe and effective surgery, followed by appropriate additional therapies implemented as quickly as possible. The use of diagnostic imaging to assist surgery is being researched in a range of institutions. This report introduces the results of a study into the optimized contrast conditions for computed tomography (CT)‐volume rendering image generation, effective in providing image support for pancreatic surgery, and introduces actual cases in which imaging support was used in surgery. The authors demonstrated that the conventional contrast protocols used in making a diagnosis are not necessarily the optimum protocols for image creation. It is thought that the use of image‐supported surgery will improve the safety and effectiveness of pancreatic surgery.     

Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis,epidemiology, treatment and outcomes

This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to bring breakthroughs seen for other cancer sites.     

The effect of most important medicinal plants on two importnt psychiatric disorders (anxiety and depression)-a review

Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid psychiatric conditions that the prevalence will be increased to the second greatest risk of morbidity, causing a significant socioeconomic burden. Due to side effects and destructive effects of some chemical drugs, many patients prefer herbal medicines to treat diseases. Although there are key review papers in the area of medicinal plants and psychiatry disorders, they have either covered the area in a relatively cursory manner or focused on a specific plant medicine. In the present study, we tried to present the effect of most important medicinal plants on two important highly comorbid psychiatric conditions-anxiety and depression.     

Natural history of pancreatic cystic lesions: A multicenter prospective observational study for evaluating the risk of pancreatic cancer

Background and Aim

The aim of this study is to elucidate the natural history of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), including branch duct‐type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD‐IPMN), via midterm follow‐up analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study (NSPINAL study).

Methods

From July 2011 to October 2016, 881 patients with PCLs were enrolled in NSPINAL study, and 664 patients with > 12 months of follow up were analyzed. Every patient was asymptomatic, and endoscopic ultrasound was performed at the initial diagnosis to exclude high‐risk individuals. Follow up included endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging at least once a year. Serial morphological changes and the pancreatic cancer (PC) incidence, including malignant progression of PCLs, were evaluated.

Results

The 664 patients (358 men) were followed for a median of 33.5 months (interquartile range 29). The cyst and main pancreatic duct sizes were 16.6 ± 9.3 and 2.3 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Morphologically, 518 cases were multilocular, 137 were unilocular, and 9 had a honeycomb pattern; 269 cases involved multifocal lesions. Ninety‐six patients (14.5%) showed worsening progression on imaging. There were two resectable and four unresectable cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and three cases of malignant BD‐IPMN. The 3‐year risk of developing PC was 1.2%. The standardized incidence ratio for PC among PCLs was 10.0 (95% confidence interval 3.5–16.5), and the standardized incidence ratio among BD‐IPMN was 16.6 (95% confidence interval 5.1–28.1). Multivariate analysis showed that development of symptoms and worsening progression were significant predictors of PC.

Conclusions

Malignant progression of PCLs, including PC development, is not uncommon. Patients with PCLs should be carefully monitored to detect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at early stages.     

Risk of pancreatic cancer after acute pancreatitis: A population-based matched cohort study

BackgroundWe investigated the short- and long-term risks of pancreatic cancer after the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.MethodsThis population-based matched-cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Patients with acute pancreatitis (n = 25,488) were matched with the control group (n = 127,440) based on age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes. We estimated the hazard ratios for developing pancreatic cancer in both groups using Cox regression analysis.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 5.4 years, pancreatic cancer developed in 479 patients (1.9%) in the acute pancreatitis group and 317 patients (0.2%) in the control group. Compared with the control group, the risk of pancreatic cancer in the acute pancreatitis group was very high within the first 2 years, which gradually decreased over time. The hazard ratio for the risk of developing pancreatitis was 8.46 (95% confidence interval, 5.57–12.84) at 1–2 years, and then decreased to 3.62 (95% confidence interval, 2.26–4.91) at 2–4 years. However, even after 8–10 years, the hazard ratio was still statistically significantly increased to 2.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.42–5.53). After 10 years, there was no significant difference in the risk of pancreatic cancer between the two groups.ConclusionsThe risk of pancreatic cancer increases rapidly after acute pancreatitis diagnosis, gradually declines after 2 years, and remains elevated for up to 10 years. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of acute pancreatitis on the risk of pancreatic cancer.     

术后早期肠内免疫营养对老年胰腺癌、胃癌患者免疫的影响

目的 观察术后早期肠内免疫营养对老年胰腺癌、胃癌患者机体免疫功能的影响。方法采用前瞻性、开放性研究,选择20例胰腺癌、40例胃癌患者分别应用免疫营养制剂(士强,荷兰Nutricia公司产品)(n=30)和对照剂能全力(无锡Nutricia公司产品)(n=30)治疗。均于术后第二天开始等热卡肠内营养支持7d(30keal·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))。检测术前、术后第1天、5天、8天的营养及免疫指标。结果 1.两组病例术后免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM、IgA)下降(P<0.01),肠内营养支持7d,两组病例T细胞亚群无显著改变(P>0.05);试验组IgA较术前提高(P相似文献   

认知行为疗法在防治植入型心律转复除颤器植入术后抑郁、焦虑症状的临床应用

目的 观察6例植入型心律转复除颤器（ICD）植入术后出现的抑郁、焦虑症状与电击的关系，探讨认知行为疗法的防治效果。方法 认知行为疗法的主导思想是顺应自然，要求患者把“想从症状中逃避”的希望转化为“顺应自然”地接受症状，从而淡漠症状。结果 2个月后精神症状程度评定量表（SCL－90）中的主要指标，治疗前后的差别有显著性的意义（P＜0．05），6例的症状已基本消失。结论 认知行为疗法可用于ICD植入术后面对面随访或电话随访的过程中，有助于防治ICD术后的抑郁、焦虑症状，对经历过电击的患者，尤其有所助益。     

Clinical impact of multimodal treatment including chemoradiotherapy,conversion surgery and postoperative chemotherapy for borderline resectable and unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer without disease progression after gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate treatment outcomes of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using S-1 with or without conversion surgery after gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) for borderline resectable (BR) and unresectable locally advanced (UR-LA) pancreatic cancer.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2020, patients without disease progression after GnP for BR or UR-LA pancreatic cancer underwent CRT with S-1. If distant metastasis was not detected after CRT, conversion surgery and oral administration of S-1 as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for at least 6 months was performed.ResultsForty patients were included in the present study. The median number of cycles of GnP was 6. Surgery was performed after CRT in 25 patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) periods from the start of radiotherapy were 24.6 and 27.4 months, respectively. The OS periods from the start of radiotherapy in patients who underwent conversion surgery and those who did not undergo conversion surgery were 41.3 and 16.8 months, respectively. The PFS periods from the start of radiotherapy in patients who underwent surgery and those who did not undergo surgery were 28.3 and 8.6 months, respectively. Patients who were able to receive S-1 after conversion surgery for more than 6 months had better OS than those who were not (p = 0.039), although there was no significant difference of PFS (p = 0.365).ConclusionsIn BR/UR-LA pancreatic cancer without disease progression after GnP, multimodal treatment including CRT, conversion surgery and the scheduled postoperative chemotherapy may be effective.