健脾通里中药芪黄煎剂对胃切除大鼠肠上皮紧密连接的影响

目的 观察健脾通里中药芪黄煎剂对大鼠胃切除创伤模型肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 将45只大鼠随机分为假手术组、标准肠内营养组、中药组,每组15只。假手术组大鼠仅腹壁切开,未切除胃;其余两组采用胃切除手术方案建立大鼠模型。假手术组术后正常饮食饮水,标准肠内营养组术后注射肠内营养液,中药组注射肠内营养液+中药煎剂。干预7 d后取材,透射电镜下观察大鼠肠黏膜上皮紧密连接形态及其结构的连续性和完整性,并测量肠黏膜上皮细胞间紧密连接宽度;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测紧密连接蛋白（zonula occludin-1,ZO-1）、封闭蛋白、咬合蛋白mRNA表达水平。结果 与假手术组比较,标准肠内营养组大鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞紧密连接宽度显著减小（P＜0.05）,小肠组织中ZO-1、封闭蛋白、咬合蛋白mRNA表达水平均显著下调（P＜0.05）;与标准肠内营养组比较,中药组大鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞紧密连接宽度显著增加（P＜0.05）,小肠组织中ZO-1、封闭蛋白、咬合蛋白mRNA表达水平均显著上调（P＜0.05）。结论 芪黄煎剂可以减轻胃切除术后大鼠肠黏膜上皮细胞间紧密连接的损伤,其作用机制与调节ZO-1、封闭蛋白、咬合蛋白mRNA的表达有关。     

不同营养支持途径对外科创伤应激后相关肠黏膜形态和屏障功能影响的实验研究

目的 探讨肠外和肠内营养对外科创伤应激大鼠肠上皮细胞紧密连接、屏障功能及微生态环境的影响.方法 SD大鼠随机分成对照组、全肠外营养组(TPN)和普通肠内营养组(EN).建立创伤应激模型,接受等氮、等能量营养支持后光镜和电镜下观察肠黏膜形态,比较肠道细菌脏器移位率、肠黏膜occludin蛋白免疫组化表达及肠道菌群数量等.结果 电镜下TPN组肠上皮损伤程度较严重,而EN组损伤程度较轻,肠上皮紧密连接、微绒毛较完整;光镜下Chiu分级,TPN组和EN组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).EN组肠道跨膜结合蛋白表达优于TPN组(P＜0.05).EN组肝、肺和肠系膜淋巴结的肠道细菌移位率低于TPN组(P＜0.05).EN组肠道内乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量均高于TPN组,但差异未达到统计学意义.结论 肠内及标准肠外营养都不能完全维持创伤大鼠肠黏膜屏障不受损害及阻止肠道细菌移位,但肠内营养组肠黏膜屏障损害较轻,肠道细菌移位率低,且增加了肠上皮occludin蛋白表达,与肠外营养比较,有利于改善肠道屏障,从而减少细菌移位的可能.     

复合膳食纤维对急性重症胰腺炎大鼠肠黏膜上皮紧密连接蛋白和肌球蛋白轻链激酶的影响

目的探讨含复合膳食纤维（DFC）肠内营养（EN）对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法采用5%的牛黄胆酸钠（0.1 mL/100 mg）逆行注射入胰胆管法制备大鼠重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）模型。60只随机分为三组：SAP＋肠内营养乳剂（瑞素）组（A组）,SAP＋瑞素加复合膳食纤维（20 g/L）1组[可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）∶不可溶性膳食纤维（IDF）=2∶1,B组],SAP＋瑞素加膳食纤维（20 g/L）2组（SDF∶IDF=1∶2,C组）,于术后48 h处死动物,比较各组肠黏膜病理改变,紧密连接蛋白occludin、ZO-1以及肌球蛋白轻链激酶（MLCK）的变化。结果 B组与C组大鼠肠黏膜损伤相对于A组较轻（P〈0.05）,C组大鼠肠黏膜损伤相对于B组较轻（P〈0.05）。B组与C组大鼠肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白occludin、ZO-1以及肌球蛋白轻链激酶（MLCK）的分布表达相对于A组增高（P〈0.05）,且C组oc-cludin及ZO-1的分布和表达高于B组（P〈0.05）。而C组MLCK的分布和表达高于B组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论添加DFC的肠内营养在SAP大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能中起重要的保护作用,且适当加大不可溶性膳食纤维（IDF）的比例更有助于肠道黏膜屏障的保护,改善受损的肠屏障功能。这一作用可能是通过调控紧密连接蛋白occludin、ZO-1以及肌球蛋白轻链激酶（MLCK）的分布和表达来实现的。     

芪黄煎剂对缺血-再灌注损伤肠黏膜上皮形态的影响

目的：观察健脾通里中药芪黄煎剂对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肠上皮形态的影响。方法：将40只Wistar大鼠,随机分为正常组、缺血再灌注组（ischemia reperfusion,IR）、谷氨酰胺组、芪黄煎剂组,采用无创血管夹夹闭肠系膜上动脉45min,再灌注1h复制IR模型,谷氨酰胺组和芪黄煎剂组大鼠分别管饲谷氨酰胺和芪黄煎剂3d。取距回盲部2cm以上的小肠组织约5cm,经100ml／L甲醛固定,标本4μm切片后行苏木精伊红染色。分别对各组大鼠肠黏膜完整性予以Chiu氏评分;测定并比较各组肠绒毛高度、绒毛隐窝深度、肠黏膜厚度、绒毛面积。结果：①Chiu氏评分：正常组最低（0分）,IR组最高,芪黄煎剂组与谷氨酰胺组Chiu氏评分稍低,与I／R组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,芪黄煎剂组和谷氨酰胺比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②正常组肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和面积及肠黏膜厚度最大;与正常组比较,IR组上述指标显著减少;与IR组比较,芪黄煎剂组肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和面积显著增加（P〈0．05）。结论：健脾通里中药芪黄煎剂对肠黏膜上皮IR损伤具有保护作用。     

芪黄煎剂对胃切除大鼠肠淋巴细胞MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察大鼠胃切除术后小肠内滴注芪黄煎剂对黏膜地址素细胞黏附分子-1（mucosal addressin cell adhension molecule-1,MAdCAM-1）与细胞间黏附分子-1（intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1）及其mRNA表达的影响。方法 将60只SD大鼠分为3组,每组20只。假手术组大鼠仅行腹部皮肤切开后缝合手术,模型组大鼠胃切除后给予肠内营养液能全素,芪黄煎剂组大鼠胃切除后先给予芪黄煎剂再滴注营养液能全素。连续给药7 d后,采用免疫组织化学法检测MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1蛋白表达水平,采用RT-PCR荧光定量法检测MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1mRNA相对表达水平。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠PP结中MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达水平均明显下降（P<0.05）;与假手术组比较,芪黄煎剂组大鼠PP结中MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。结论 芪黄煎剂能增加肠黏膜效应部位MAdCAM-1、ICAM-1及其mRNA表达水平,改善胃切除术后肠黏膜免疫屏障功能。     

双歧杆菌通过Zonulin影响坏死性小肠结肠炎新生大鼠模型肠道通透性

目的 探讨双歧杆菌对坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)新生大鼠模型肠道通透性及血清Zonulin表达的影响,分析双歧杆菌保护NEC可能的机制.方法 将60只新生1d的SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为3组(n=20):对照组、坏死性小肠结肠炎新生大鼠组(NEC组)及双歧杆菌干预坏死性小肠结肠炎新生大鼠组(NEC+ BIF组).3组于第1、2、3天固定时间点测量体质量;第4天处死大鼠,HE染色观察回盲部肠组织病理学变化并行病理学评分,异硫氰酸荧光素-葡聚糖(FITC-Dextran)示踪法检测肠黏膜通透性,ELISA检测血清Zonulin的水平,Western blot及免疫组化检测肠组织紧密连接蛋白的表达及分布,将3组大鼠血清Zonulin水平与肠道通透性及紧密连接蛋白表达量行相关性分析.结果 与NEC组相比,双歧杆菌干预后大鼠肠上皮损伤明显改善;而与对照组相比,NEC组肠道通透性显著增高(P＜0.05),血清Zonulin表达明显增加(P＜0.05),肠上皮紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1、Occludin、ZO-1的表达明显减少(P＜0.05),且分布不连续;与NEC组相比,NEC+BIF组肠道通透性降低(P＜0.05),血清Zonulin表达降低(P＜0.05),肠上皮紧密连接蛋白的表达增加(P＜0.05).相关性分析显示,3组大鼠血清Zonulin水平与肠道通透性呈正相关(r=0.923,P＜0.01),而血清Zonulin水平与肠组织紧密连接Claudin-1、Occludin、ZO-1蛋白表达量均呈负相关(r=-0.779,P＜0.01;r=-0.920,P＜0.01;r=-0.619,P＜0.01).结论 双歧杆菌可明显改善NEC大鼠的肠道通透性,其机制可能与抑制Zonulin的表达有关.     

Occludin在重症急性胰腺炎小鼠肠黏膜屏障损伤中表达的实验研究

目的:探讨occludin蛋白在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)小鼠肠黏膜屏障功能损伤中作用的调控机制。方法:采用雨蛙肽和内毒素联合注射法制备小鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型。分为3组:对照组、模型组、二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(PDTC)干预组,18 h后处死动物,比较各组的腹腔内大体改变、肠黏膜病理改变,肠道通透性的变化,肠上皮紧密连接蛋白oc-cludin、NF-κB mRNA表达。结果:重症急性胰腺炎造成了小鼠腹腔内明显炎症反应,肠管水肿,肠黏膜水肿,肠道通透性显著增高,NF-κB特异性阻断剂PDTC能降低肠道损伤,改善肠黏膜水肿,上调肠上皮紧密连接蛋白occludin的表达,降低NF-κB mRNA表达,显著降低肠道通透性,occludin与NF-κB mRNA表达呈显著负相关。结论:紧密连接蛋白oc-cludin在SAP时肠道屏障功能损伤过程中起重要作用。这一作用可能是通过NF-κB的调节作用实现的。     

芪黄煎剂对胃切除大鼠小肠黏膜上皮内和固有层T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨芪黄煎剂对大鼠胃切除后小肠黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞(intraepithelial lymphocytes,IELs)和固有层淋巴细胞(lamina propria lymphocytes,LPLs)的影响。方法将60只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、芪黄煎剂组,每组20只。假手术组大鼠仅给予腹部正中切开后缝合,不行胃切除,不给予肠内营养和芪黄煎剂;模型组大鼠行胃切除手术后给予肠内营养制剂能全素;芪黄煎剂组大鼠行胃切除手术后给予肠内营养制剂能全素和芪黄煎剂,疗程1周。疗程结束后,分离出大鼠小肠黏膜IELs和LPLs,采用流式细胞仪分别检测IELs和LPLs的αβT细胞抗原受体-白细胞分化抗原3阳性(αβT cell antigen receptor-cluster ofdifferentiation 3positive,αβTCR-CD3+)T细胞、白细胞分化抗原4阳性(cluster of differentiation 4positive,CD4+)、白细胞分化抗原8阳性(cluster of differentiation 8positive,CD8+)T淋巴细胞。结果①与假手术组比较,模型组IELs中αβTCR-CD3+、CD8+T细胞比例显著降低(P0.05,或P0.01);与模型组比较,芪黄煎剂组IEL CD3+、CD8+T细胞比例显著上升(P0.05,或P0.01)。②与假手术组比较,模型组LPLs中αβTCR-CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞比例显著降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,芪黄煎剂组αβTCR-CD3+、CD4+T细胞比例显著上升(P0.05)。结论芪黄煎剂能促进大鼠胃切除术后上皮内和固有层中T淋巴细胞的分化、成熟和增殖,有利于胃切除手术应激后肠道免疫屏障功能的调节和恢复。     

调胃承气汤灌胃与灌肠对肠源性脓毒症大鼠肠上皮细胞occludin和ZO-1蛋白表达的影响

【目的】观察和比较调胃承气汤灌胃与灌肠对肠源性脓毒症(GOS)大鼠肠黏膜屏障的影响。【方法】将48只大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,中药灌胃高、低剂量组(分别给予调胃承气汤9.450、4.725 g/kg灌胃),中药灌肠高、低剂量组(分别给予调胃承气汤9.450、4.725 g/kg灌肠),每组8只。采用盲肠结扎穿刺法(CLP)复制GOS大鼠模型。各组在造模后2、10、24 h分别对应给药。采用酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测血清降钙素原(PCT)、D-乳酸(D-LA)水平,逆转录实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测小肠组织occludin、闭锁小带蛋白(ZO-1)基因及肝脏组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、干扰素γ(INF-γ)基因表达水平,免疫组化法检测小肠组织occludin、ZO-1蛋白的表达,苏木素—伊红(HE)染色观察小肠病理组织结构的变化。【结果】与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠小肠组织结构有明显损伤,血清PCT和D-LA水平显著升高(P 0.01),小肠组织occludin、ZO-1基因相对表达水平明显下调(P 0.01),肝脏组织TNF-α、INF-γ基因相对表达水平显著上调(P 0.01),小肠组织occludin、ZO-1蛋白免疫组化阳性表达明显减少(P 0.05);与模型组比较,中药各治疗组能明显改善小肠的损伤程度,显著降低血清PCT和D-LA水平(P 0.05或P 0.01),上调小肠组织occludin和ZO-1基因相对表达水平,下调肝脏组织TNF-α和INF-γ基因相对表达水平(P 0.05或P 0.01),并且能提高小肠组织occludin和ZO-1蛋白免疫组化阳性表达(P 0.05或P 0.01);与灌胃组比较,中药灌肠组的治疗效果更为明显(P 0.05或P 0.01)。【结论】调胃承气汤可上调GOS模型大鼠肠上皮细胞紧密连接蛋白occludin、ZO-1及下调体内炎性因子TNF-α、INF-γ的表达,从而修复肠黏膜屏障,治疗GOS,且灌肠疗法要优于灌胃疗法。     

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶在重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肠黏膜屏障损伤机制中的作用

目的 探讨腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)在重症急性胰腺炎SD大鼠肠道紧密连接损伤中的作用.方法 给予SD大鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的20％ L-精氨酸溶液,分别制备大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)及轻症急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)模型,通过检测血清淀粉酶水平、胰腺病理改变以证实胰腺炎模型构建成功.对SAP 大鼠分别给予AMPK抑制剂Compound C和谷氨酰胺灌胃处理,小肠组织切片染色观察大鼠小肠组织损伤情况;FITC-Dextran通透实验检测肠道通透性;免疫组化和Western blot方法分别检测肠黏膜细胞αSNAP、AMPK和紧密连接蛋白occludin的表达情况.结果 病理切片证实胰腺炎模型构建成功,并且抑制AMPK后明显降低重症急性胰腺炎的病理损伤;SAP大鼠肠黏膜损伤明显,而加入AMPK抑制剂Compound C或肠黏膜保护剂谷氨酰胺可明显抑制SAP大鼠肠黏膜损伤;SAP组建模48 h(410.25± 7.80)的肠道通透性相对于对照组(0.51±0.61)显著增强(P＜0.05),而加入AMPK抑制剂Compound C48 h的Com组(372.95 ±9.33)或肠黏膜保护剂谷氨酰胺的Gin组(367.93±18.90) (P ＜0.05),可明显降低SAP大鼠肠道通透性;重症急性胰腺炎时,αSNAP表达下调(P＜0.05),而AMPK表达明显增强(P＜0.05),加入AMPK抑制剂可以明显上调occludin的表达(P＜0.01),提示AMPK对occludin蛋白存在负性调控.结论 AMPK信号在大鼠重症急性胰腺炎肠黏膜损伤中过度活化,可通过负性调控occludin蛋白的表达导致肠黏膜损伤,从而促进肠黏膜通透性增强.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.