颅内孤立性纤维瘤的MRI表现

目的:探讨颅内孤立性纤维瘤(I-SFT)的MRI表现。方法:回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的I-SFT的MRI及病理学资料。结果:肿瘤发生在幕下2例,幕上3例(其中侧脑室内1例),跨越幕上及幕下2例,鞍区1例。1例鞍区肿瘤在T1WI、T2WI上呈均匀等信号,其余7例信号不均,T1WI、T2WI上以等、稍高信号为主,其中5例T2WI见小斑片状低信号区,3例见囊变灶,5例病灶内可见粗大流空血管影。MRI增强扫描示8例均明显强化;鞍区肿瘤强化均匀,其余7例强化不均;5例T2WI低信号区明显强化,3例囊变区未见强化,2例可见脑膜尾征。除侧脑室内1例周围脑实质水肿明显外,其余7例无或轻度水肿。病理显示8例均见丰富的小梭形细胞;免疫组化显示CD34(~),CD99(+),Bcl(+),Vimentin(+),EMA(-)。结论:I-SFT的MRI表现有一定的特点,当脑膜肿瘤呈等、较高信号,增强呈明显强化,其内出现粗大流空血管、T2WI低信号区时,可考虑该病诊断,但其确诊仍需依靠组织病理学。     

腹盆腔孤立性纤维瘤的CT和MRI表现及征象分析

目的 分析腹盆腔孤立性纤维瘤（SFT）的CT和MRI影像学表现及征象,提高对其的认识和诊断的准确性。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2017年6月经手术病理证实的18例腹盆腔SFT患者[男性9例、女性9例,年龄41~71（53.0±10.6）岁]的影像学表现、临床及病理资料。18例患者中,13例行CT平扫和动态增强扫描,5例行MRI平扫和动态增强扫描,分析肿瘤的大小（最大径）、形态、密度或信号、动态增强特点、动脉期肿瘤体内血管及肿瘤周围有无血管等情况。采用卡方精确检验分析肿瘤大小、边界及形态与良恶性肿瘤的关系;Fisher检验比较三者在良恶性肿瘤中表现的差异性。 结果 ① CT影像学表现：13例患者的肿瘤直径为（10.53±6.21） cm,最大直径为2.7~23.4 cm。12例患者肿瘤的病灶边界清晰;8例呈分叶状,7例出现囊变,1例有钙化。CT动态增强扫描显示有11例呈不均匀明显强化;8例病灶内出现延迟强化区,2例表现为轻中度强化;10例动脉期病灶内显示强化血管;8例病灶周围出现迂曲血管。② MRI影像学表现：5例患者的肿瘤直径为（11.93±3.21） cm,最大直径为10.0~13.4 cm。5例患者的病灶边界均清晰;4例病灶呈分叶状;T2加权成像显示有3例出现囊变,4例病灶内见瘢痕状及片状低信号区,1例均匀等高信号;5例出现流空血管影。4例病灶表现为明显不均匀强化;4例病灶内出现延迟强化区;1例表现为均匀强化;5例动脉期在病灶内显示强化血管。③病理结果显示：18例SFT患者中,7例为恶性、11例为良性。7例恶性SFT患者中,有5例病灶最大直径超过平均直径[（10.88±5.62） cm],而良性SFT患者中仅有2例最大直径超过平均直径,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.103,P=0.039）。 结论 腹盆腔SFT的CT及MRI表现呈多样性,当腹腔内出现丰富的血供伴瘢痕状、片状延迟强化肿瘤,同时瘤体周围出现迂曲血管及瘤体内出现点、条状动脉期强化血管的表现有助于诊断,且MRI中T2加权成像出现低信号也具有一定的诊断价值。     

胸膜以外部位孤立性纤维瘤的CT和MRI影像分析

目的:探讨胸膜以外部位孤立性纤维瘤(ESFT)的CT和MRI表现及病理学特征,提高对本病的认识及诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析7例ESFT的CT和MRI表现度病理学表现.结果:本组ESFT的主要CT表现为略低密度软组织肿块.主要MRI表现为T1WI上肿瘤呈低信号～稍高信号,T2 WI上呈等信号或稍高信号.增强扫描示早期肿瘤...     

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the head and neck

Purpose

We aimed to analyze the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) of the head and neck.

Methods

Eight patients with pPNET of the head and neck confirmed by histopathological examination were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The average patient age was 8 years. The tumor location in the 8 patients was as follows: maxillofacial region (right, 2; left, 1), left maxillary sinus (1), right masticator space (1), left carotid space (1), right infratemporal fossa (1), and left parotid gland (1). All 5 patients who underwent CT demonstrated ill-defined soft masses and no calcification. Three patients with tumors in the maxillofacial region showed homogeneous small masses and a mild enhancement. The patient with left maxillary sinus tumor showed a heterogeneous mass with patchy, necrotic foci and mild heterogeneous enhancement. The patient with right masticator space tumor showed a heterogeneous mass, and marked heterogeneous enhancement. The T1-weighted images of the patients with right infratemporal fossa, left carotid space, and left parotid gland tumors were isointense. The T2-weighted images were heterogeneous and mildly hyperintense in 2 patients and hyperintense in 1 patient. Heterogeneous intermediate enhancement was demonstrated in 2 patients and mild ring enhancement in 1 patient.

Conclusion

The imaging features of pPNET of the head and neck are non-specific. An ill-defined, aggressive mass and variable enhancement on CT and MR images may suggest the diagnosis of pPNET. Peripheral PNET should be included in the differential diagnosis of children and adolescents’ regional tumors.     

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pelvis

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are well recognized in the pleura, but their occurrence at other sites has only become appreciated in recent years, as a consequence of which extrapleural examples often go unrecognized and misdiagnosed. Because of their rarity, overall experience concerning this tumor has not been significant and reports detailing radiological findings are few. We herein report an unusual case of a large retroperitoneal pelvic SFT with features of high vascularity negating successful surgical resection.     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析总结胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现及病理基础,提高诊断准确性.方法:回顾性分析30例经病理证实的胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT、MRI表现.5例患者仅进行了CT检查,19例患者仅进行了MR检查,6例同时行CT和MR检查.结果:30例患者均为单发病灶,其中13例位于中枢神经系统,7例位于头颈部、6例位于腹盆腔、1例位于...     

腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的影像诊断进展

腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤,位置隐匿,临床征象出现较晚且无特异性。但其影像表现具有一定特征性,在超声、CT、MRI等影像检查中可被发现,有利于临床诊断及治疗,但也需要与腹膜后边界较清楚的良性肿瘤及个别边界相对清楚的恶性病变鉴别,最终确诊需要病理学检查。对腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的临床、病理表现及影像表现作一综述。     

Computed tomography or magnetic resonance for evaluating the solitary tumor or tumor-like lesion of bone?

Following an abnormal radiograph, an initial 34 patients had both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) to further characterize and stage a solitary tumor. This experience determined the choice between CT and MR in evaluating the next 55 solitary tumors. The choice of examination depends on the radiologist's ability to characterize the lesion from the radiograph as to its morphology, matrix, and probable histologic nature. The anatomic location, in turn, frequently influences the ability to characterize the lesion. Lesions in long bones can almost always be successfully characterized by radiography and, in these instances, only the MR examination is required to stage the tumor. Radiographic characterization of tumors in flat bones such as the scapula, certain portions of ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis is often difficult or incomplete. In these cases, CT is the preferred initial examination, and if further staging is required to establish the relationship of the tumor to soft tissues or neurovascular structures, the MR examination is done. Because of MR's superiority in staging the tumor and CT's superiority in characterizing the lesion, the initial choice between the two examinations should depend on the radiologist's ability to characterize the lesion from the radiograph. When radiographic depiction of tumor permits assessment of its morphology, matrix and probable histologic nature, (characterization) MR ought to be the next examination solely for staging purposes. It is the anatomic location of the tumor and the radiologist's ability to characterize it that ought to govern the choice of the next examination. Surgical and histopathological findings were known in all patients in this study.     

颅内孤立性纤维瘤的MRI征象

目的:探讨颅内孤立性纤维瘤(SFT) MRI特征,提高对该病的认识及术前诊断的准确性.方法:回顾性分析7例经手术和病理证实的颅内孤立性纤维瘤的MRI征象.结果:7例患者中,3例位于额部,1例位于颞部,2例位于枕部,1例位于顶部.肿瘤边界清楚,5例呈圆形或椭圆形,无囊变、坏死,瘤周水肿不明显;2例边缘呈分叶状,内见囊变、坏死,灶周水肿明显.7例病变均以宽基底与硬脑膜相连,1例见“脑膜尾征”,2例内见流空血管征象.肿瘤实性成份T1WI为等信号,T2 WI为等、低信号,囊变部分T1WI为低信号,T2 WI为高信号.增强扫描所有病灶实质部分显著强化,T2WI低信号区明显强化,坏死囊变区未见强化.结论:MRI检查可较好地显示肿瘤的部位、形态及其与邻近组织的关系,有助于对颅内孤立性纤维瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

Hepatocellular adenoma: findings at state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography and pathologic analysis

The purpose of this paper is to describe the most recent concepts and pertinent findings of hepatocellular adenomas, including clinical presentation, gross pathology and histology, pathogenesis and transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and imaging findings at ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.     

Myxoid solitary fibrous tumor of the retroperitoneum: MRI findings with the pathologic correlation.

We report here on a case of solitary fibrous tumor of the retroperitoneum, and the tumor displayed a predominantly myxoid histology. A 56-year-old man presented with an incidentally detected retroperitoneal mass. On the MR images, the mass was observed as having iso-signal intensity on the T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on the fat-saturated T2-weighted images. The mass showed intense enhancement on the Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted images. At surgery, a well-defined solid mass was found in the left retroperitoneum. The histological diagnosis was made as solitary fibrous tumor with a predominantly myxoid histology.     

Dumbbell-shaped thoracic hibernoma: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Hibernoma is an uncommon, benign soft tissue tumor that arises in brown adipose tissue. The computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hibernomas are similar to those of well-differentiated liposarcoma or angiolipoma. We report the unique appearance of a rare thoracic wall hibernoma, which appeared as a dumbbell-shaped lipomatous tumor across an intercostal region. A dynamic contrast-enhanced study on MRI revealed early enhancement, which corresponded to the branching low-signal intensity on T2-weighted images of the mass.     

常规MRI联合DWI在良、恶性眼眶孤立性纤维瘤诊断中的应用

目的 分析良、恶性眼眶孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)常规MRI图像和DWI特点,提高本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析29例病理证实的眼眶SFT的MRI平扫、增强和DWI特点,测量病灶实质部分的平均表观扩散系数(mean apparent diffusion coefficient,ADCmean)值进行统计学分析.结果 良性SFT...     

孤立性纤维性肿瘤影像表现及病理对照分析

目的探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤(SFT)的影像表现及病理特点。方法分析23例SFT影像资料,并与病理及免疫组化对照研究。结果 20例患者表现为孤立、界清的圆形或卵圆形软组织肿块,3例患者呈囊实性。增强扫描实性部分明显强化,延迟扫描进一步强化。肿瘤T1WI、T2WI像呈低信号。病理表现为梭形细胞与胶原混杂排列;4例肿瘤细胞异型性明显,异常核分裂像增多。免疫组化CD34、Vimentin阳性。结论 SFT可发生于机体多个部位,具有较特异的影像表现,定性需靠病理及免疫组织化学检查。     

Non-cardiac findings on coronary computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Both multislice computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are emerging as methods to detect coronary artery stenoses and assess cardiac function and morphology. Non-cardiac structures are also amenable to assessment by these non-invasive tests. We investigated the rate of significant and insignificant non-cardiac findings using CT and MRI. A total of 108 consecutive patients suspected of having coronary artery disease and without contraindications to CT and MRI were included in this study. Significant non-cardiac findings were defined as findings that required additional clinical or radiological follow-up. CT and MR images were read independently in a blinded fashion. CT yielded five significant non-cardiac findings in five patients (5%). These included a pulmonary embolism, large pleural effusions, sarcoid, a large hiatal hernia, and a pulmonary nodule (>1.0 cm). Two of these significant non-cardiac findings were also seen on MRI (pleural effusions and sarcoid, 2%). Insignificant non-cardiac findings were more frequent than significant findings on both CT (n = 11, 10%) and MRI (n = 7, 6%). Incidental non-cardiac findings on CT and MRI of the coronary arteries are common, which is why images should be analyzed by radiologists to ensure that important findings are not missed and unnecessary follow-up examinations are avoided.     

Pulmonary artery sarcoma mimicking chronic thromboembolic disease: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Purpose The diagnosis of the rare primary malignant tumors of the pulmonary arteries is often delayed as symptoms are nonspecific.Methods Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of three patients with occlusion of the right pulmonary artery, two with sarcoma and one with chronic thromboembolic disease were analyzed for discriminating diagnostic criteria.Results Criteria suggesting pulmonary artery sarcoma are inhomogeneous high or low attenuation (hemorrhage, necrosis), soft-tissue density in pulmonary arteries, vascular distension, enhancement after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Criteria for chronic thromboembolic disease are homogeneous soft-tissue lesions, abrupt vascular narrowings and cutoffs, as well as regional parenchymal hyperdensities.Conclusion CT and MRI provide complementary findings suggesting advanced pulmonary artery sarcoma instead of chronic thromboembolism.     

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the small bowel mesentery: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare tumor that commonly arises in the lower extremities but rarely in the mesentery. We report computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of LGFMS of the small bowel mesentery. On CT, the mass was composed of two components. One component, on its right side, appeared to have isointense attenuation relative to muscle, whereas the other component, on its left side, appeared to have low attenuation. On MRI the mass on the right side showed hypointensity similar to muscle on both T1-and T2-weighted images as well as mostly slight enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. On the other hand, the mass on the left side showed relative hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images as well as intense enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, suggesting that the tumor contained myxoid tissue. The myxoid area of LGFMS may have a tendency to reveal intense enhancement on contrast-enhanced images.     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现与病理对照分析

目的 结合胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤(ESFT)的病理特征,探讨其影像表现.方法 回顾性分析14例经病理证实为ESFT的CT和MRI表现,并与病理及免疫组化对照.6例行CT扫描,10例行MRI扫描,2例同时行CT和MRI扫描.结果 ①14例ESFT中,位于颅内2例,腹盆腔9例,眼眶、脊髓及右下肢各1例,肿瘤均为单发,最大径线1.7～24.5 cm,呈类圆形或不规则形,12例边界清楚.②CT平扫,肿瘤多呈等密度,伴点片状或地图状低密度区,出血少见,均未见钙化.③MRI平扫,T1WI多呈等或低信号,2例见高信号出血;常规T2 WI多呈低、等或略高信号;压脂T2 WI多呈略高或高信号;DWI多呈混杂高低信号;2例颅内病灶,FLAIR呈低或稍高信号.④增强扫描,动脉期肿瘤呈轻度至明显不均匀强化,4例可见增粗迂曲血管影;静脉期及延迟期呈进行性或持续强化;动态增强曲线,1例呈缓慢上升平台型,1例呈速升缓降型.⑤病理,肿瘤主要由梭形细胞和致密胶原纤维构成;免疫组化,CD34、Vimentin、CD99及Bcl-2多呈阳性.结论 ESFT的影像表现呈多样性,T2 WI低信号区明显强化具有一定特征性,结合DWI、多期或动态增强扫描,可提高诊断准确性,确诊需依靠病理及免疫组化.     

孤立性纤维性肿瘤的影像表现

目的 探讨孤立性纤维性肿瘤(SFT)的影像表现.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的11例SFT的影像表现,其中行CT检查者8例,7例行增强检查;4例行MR检查,2例行增强扫描;1例同时行CT和MR检查.将影像表现与手术病理结果对照观察.结果 (1)11例SFT中,位于胸部2例,腹盆腔5例,软组织4例.肿瘤直径2.5 ～23.0 cm,平均11.8 cm.肿瘤呈类圆形或椭圆形4例,形态不规则7例.边界清楚者8例,边界不清或部分不清者3例.(2)CT平扫密度不均匀,均可见低密度区,2例见高密度出血灶,1例瘤内点状钙化.(3)MR T1WI呈等信号,3例肿瘤T2WI呈略高信号,1例呈低信号.4例均见丰富的血管流空信号.3例瘤内信号混杂,其中2例散在长T1、长T2信号区,1例位于肝脏内见高信号出血灶;1例位于眼眶信号较均匀.(4)增强扫描9例病灶动脉期不均匀强化,并可见多发迂曲血管影;静脉期呈进行性或持续强化,并有斑片状无强化区.(5)显微镜下肿瘤由疏密不均的梭形细胞、致密胶原间质以及大量“鹿角样”薄壁血管组成.结论 影像上见孤立性、边界清楚的软组织肿块,密度不均,增强扫描不均匀强化,静脉期持续强化,应考虑到SFT可能.     

胸部孤立性纤维性肿瘤的MSCT表现与手术病理

目的:探讨胸部孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现及诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析16例经手术(14/16)或穿刺活检(2/16)病理证实的胸部孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现及手术病理.所有病例行平扫及增强扫描.结果:CT表现为胸部单发肿块,11例病灶密度均匀,增强扫描呈轻中度强化;5例病灶中央可见坏死区,增强扫描不均匀强化(地图样强化),内见低密度无强化区,8例见增强血管影.2例内散在钙化.5例位于肺内,11例位于肺与胸膜之间,与邻近胸膜呈宽基地.5例见蒂状结构,1例见血管蒂.病理:瘤细胞稀疏区(胶原化明显)和密集区(由梭形细胞构成)共存,可见血管外皮瘤样分支状血管.免疫组化:所有肿瘤CD34、Vimentin阳性,大部分肿瘤Bcl-2(14/16)、CD99(13/16)阳性.结论:MSCT及三维重建可清晰显示胸部孤立性纤维瘤的大小、形态、位置、血供、与周围组织的关系,表现有一定的特征性,仔细分析可提高其诊断准确性,确诊仍需要病理学检查及免疫组化.