新生儿重症监护室假丝酵母菌感染致败血症的高危因素分析

目的:分析新生儿重症监护室假丝酵母菌感染致败血症的高危因素,以制定新生儿假丝酵母菌感染致败血症的防范措施。方法:回顾性分析2014年4月至2017年4月的87例败血症患儿的临床资料,将38例患假丝酵母菌感染致败血症的患儿作为观察组,将49例非假丝酵母菌感染致败血症患儿作为对照组,对诱发假丝酵母菌感染致败血症的相关因素进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:观察组胎龄<37周、出生体质量<1 500 g,使用广谱抗生素且使用时间≥7 d、静脉置管时间≥5 d、呼吸机使用时间≥3 d及患坏死性小肠结肠炎的患儿明显多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,胎龄、使用广谱抗生素及其使用时间、静脉置管、呼吸机使用时间、患坏死性小肠结肠炎均是假丝酵母菌感染致败血症的高危因素。结论:新生儿胎龄、抗生素使用及其使用时间、静脉置管、呼吸机使用时间及患坏死性小肠结肠炎均是假丝酵母菌感染致败血症的独立危险因素,临床上应给予重视,加强医院感染监测,以便及时采取防控措施,降低感染率,避免出现败血症。     

新生儿重症监护病房内获得性真菌性败血症19例临床分析

目的分析新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)真菌性败血症的临床特点,为诊治及预防提供参考依据。方法回顾分析2008年1月-2012年4月新生儿病房内19例确诊为真菌性败血症新生儿的临床资料,结果对19例患儿行机械通气、中心静脉置管、全静脉营养及广谱抗生素等综合治疗。经对症治疗后17例治愈,1例放弃治疗自动出院,1例死亡。结论 NICU真菌败血症多见于早产儿,假丝酵母菌常见。高危因素包括出生胎龄、长期应用广谱抗生素、中心静脉置管、机械通气、外科手术等。多数伴有WBC减少、PLT减少、CRP和PCT升高等。氟康唑治疗效果较好。     

新生儿重症监护病房真菌血症病原学及临床分析

目的 探讨自2004年1月至2008年12月我院新生儿重症监护病房获得性真菌血症病原学及临床特征,为真菌血症防治提供依据.方法 回顾分析5年中新生儿重症监护室发生的33例真菌血症的病原学和临床资料.结果 33例真菌血症均为医院获得感染的假丝酵母菌,其中白色假丝酵母菌17株、热带假丝酵母菌10株、近平滑假丝酵母菌5株、光滑假丝酵母菌1株.结论 假丝酵母菌属是新生儿重症监护病房真菌血症的主要致病菌,以白色假丝酵母菌最常见.但非白色假丝酵母菌也占较大比例;真菌血症与早产、极低体重儿、机械通气、静脉导管、全胃肠外营养等因素有关.5-氟脲嘧啶、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B和氟康唑对假丝酵母菌耐药性较低,氟康唑是治疗假丝酵母菌属的有效药物.     

新生儿深部真菌感染16例临床分析

目的 探讨新生儿深部真菌感染的临床表现、病原菌、药物敏感性以及抗真菌治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2011-01～2014-12陕西省人民医院新生儿科收治的新生儿深部真菌感染患儿的临床资料。结果 新生儿真菌败血症的发病率为0.23%,其易感人群为胎龄(31.29±3.61)周、出生体质量为(1478±593.1)g的早产儿。发病时均有反应差、喂养不耐受等表现;实验室检查可有外周血白细胞计数异常,血小板下降,超敏C反应蛋白和降钙素不同程度升高。常见病原菌为光滑假丝酵母菌。真菌败血症治愈率为75%;平均抗真菌治疗为25 d。结论 新生儿真菌败血症病原菌以光滑假丝酵母菌为主,对氟康唑敏感性较高;早期、足疗程抗真菌治疗预后效果较好,治愈率高。     

恶性肿瘤患者肺部真菌感染的临床分析

目的调查肿瘤患者真菌感染的临床特点,探讨真菌引起医院感染的易感因素,加强真菌感染的防治。方法对我院2010年1～12月37例肿瘤患者医院真菌感染的病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果 37例真菌感染的患者中有23例为呼吸道感染,占62.2%;其次为皮肤软组织感染。本组资料中酵母菌属占78.9%,其中白色假丝酵母菌占62.13%,其次分别为热带假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌、克柔假丝酵母菌。高龄患者,多种基础疾病,免疫功能低下,不合理用药,侵入性操作是真菌感染的危险因素。结论恶性肿瘤患者真菌感染以呼吸道部位最多、白色假丝酵母菌为主要病原体。     

ICU老年患者真菌菌血症六例临床特点和病原体分析

目的分析ICU老年患者发生真菌菌血症的临床特点和病原体特性,为真菌菌血症的防治提供依据。方法回顾性分析2005年10月—2008年10月我院ICU6例真菌菌血症患者的临床特点。结果低蛋白血症6例,广谱抗生素应用6例,机械通气6例,中心静脉置管6例,留置导尿管6例,急性生理慢性健康评分（APACHEⅡ）≥20分4例,气管插管4例,气管切开2例,激素应用2例,床旁连续性血液滤过治疗2例,肿瘤2例,慢性肾衰竭1例,全胃肠外营养1例;分离出白色假丝酵母菌2例,热带假丝酵母菌2例,光滑假丝酵母菌1例,近平滑假丝酵母菌1例;氟康唑耐药1例。结论ICU真菌血症病死率高与广谱抗生素应用、中心静脉置管、低蛋白血症、高A-PACHEⅡ评分及激素应用等危险因素相关。     

NICU深部真菌感染临床特点及高危因素探讨(附31例分析)

目的通过对NICU中新生儿深部真菌感染的临床特点分析及相关的高危因素对比,进一步提高深部真菌感染的防治水平。方法对2007年5月-2012年4月间我院NICU确诊的31例深部真菌感染的患儿进行临床特点、实验室检查结果分析,并根据相似的入院时间、胎龄、出生体重、总住院日设立50例对照组,进行深部真菌感染高危因素的对比分析。结果新生儿深部真菌感染的主要临床表现以喂养困难、呼吸暂停、体温不稳定和反应差等,实验室检查提示CRP升高、血小板减少为较敏感的指标,而白细胞异常的比例仅32.3%。深部真菌感染的高危因素分析显示:使用广谱抗生素>7d,母亲有霉菌性阴道炎,深静脉置管>14d,呼吸机治疗>48h4个指标在两组间有统计学差异。结论新生儿深部真菌感染需综合防治。     

23例新生儿希木龙假丝酵母菌败血症临床分析

目的探讨新生儿希木龙假丝酵母菌败血症的临床表现、感染特点、危险因素、治疗效果及转归等情况。方法选择2014年1月～2016年12月我院收治的23例希木龙假丝酵母菌感染的新生儿的临床表现,血培养结果,菌株同源性分析,药敏结果及转归进行回顾性分析。结果 23例患儿平均出生胎龄为(32.5±4.5)周,平均出生体重(1772.8±867.7)g,平均发病日龄为(23.9±12.6)d。所有患儿均有经外周中心静脉置管和使用静脉营养,平均置管和静脉营养时间分别为(23.4±13.7)d和(38.0±14.3)d;感染前均有长时间使用抗生素,平均时间(10.7±4.6)d;18例患儿接受有创机械通气,平均时间为(9.7±12.0)d。其中有15例患儿集中发生在2014年5～10月。临床表现无特异性,多为发热、呼吸暂停、呕吐、腹胀。感染初期有血小板计数下降,C反应蛋白升高。23例血培养均为希木龙假丝酵母菌,13株菌株来源于同一克隆株,7例患儿表现出不同程度的耐药性,其中两性霉素B耐药2例,伊曲康唑耐药4例,氟康唑耐药4例。结论新生儿希木龙假丝酵母菌败血症临床表现无特异性,应加强早产儿护理,合理使用抗生素,严格掌握经外周中心静脉置管使用指征,尽早建立全胃肠道营养,在高发季节可以对高危早产儿口服抗真菌药物预防真菌感染,感染后应采取隔离措施以防爆发流行。     

180株深部真菌感染的临床特点及耐药性分析

目的 了解湖南省人民医院深部真菌感染的临床特点、菌种分布和耐药情况,为临床合理应用抗真菌药物提供依据.方法 收集2007年1月～2011年10月临床分离的深部真菌180株,用血平板、沙保罗培养基培养、分离,法国生物梅里埃ID 32C酵母菌鉴定板条进行鉴定,ATB FUNGUS 3真菌药敏板条进行药敏试验.结果 深部真菌感染主要有5种,白色假丝酵母菌最多占32.1％,其他依次为热带假丝酵母菌占16.0％,近平滑假丝酵母菌占11.2％,光滑假丝酵母菌占7.1％,法式假丝酵母菌占5.9％;药敏结果显示5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B敏感性较高,敏感率达85.7％以上.结论 深部真菌感染主要由白色假丝酵母菌和热带假丝酵母菌引起,对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B有较高的体外敏感性,对氟康唑、依曲康唑、伏立康唑有不同程度的耐药.临床医生必须重视深部真菌的检出和药敏试验,根据药敏结果合理使用抗真菌药物.     

真菌性呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素分析

目的探讨机械通气患者真菌性呼吸机相关性肺炎(FVAP)的易患因素和病原学特点。方法将2005年1月-2009年10月收治的84例呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)患者分为FVAP组和非真菌性呼吸机相关性肺炎(NFVAP)组,比较两组真菌感染的易患因素;分析FVAP组病原菌的分布特点。结果 FVAP组全身应用激素、联合应用抗菌药物和机械通气时间较长(大于7天)的比例显著大于NFVAP组(p0.05);FVAP组痰标本共培养出真菌30例,其中假丝酵母菌属24株,占80%(白色假丝酵母菌14株,占46.6%;热带假丝酵母菌6株,占20.0%;克柔假丝酵母和近平滑假丝酵母菌各2株,各占6.7%);烟曲霉菌6株,占20.0%。结论为避免FVAP的发生应严格掌握全身应用激素适应症和剂量,避免联合抗菌药物的应用和尽可能缩短机械通气时间;明确感染真菌菌属及其敏感药物,对临床选择有效的抗真菌治疗具有指导作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.