2008年至2009年顺德区生活饮用水卫生监测结果分析

目的了解顺德区2008年至2009年生活饮用水的卫生状况。方法 2008年至2009年按《生活饮用水标准检验方法》（GB/T5750-2006）《、生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2006）和《二次供水设施卫生规范》（GB17051-1997）分别对顺德区各水厂和二次供水单位的生活饮用水进行卫生监测和评价。结果 2008年至2009年顺德区生活饮用水总合格率为97.03%,2008年合格率为93.98%,2009年合格率为98.87%,2者有显著性差异（χ^2=48.31,P〈0.05）。结论顺德区生活饮用水卫生状况良好,2009年与2008年有显著性差异,生活饮用水卫生质量仍有待提高。     

2006-2008年番禺区糕点食品卫生质量分析

目的了解番禺区糕点类食品的卫生质量状况。方法对2006-2008年番禺区随机抽样的散装式糕点、定型包装糕点、裱花蛋糕三类食品按照《食品卫生检验方法微生物部分》(GB/T4789-2003)进行微生物学的检测。结果2006-2008年抽检糕点类食品1272份,合格1087份,合格率85.46%。其中菌落总数、大肠菌群及霉菌的合格率分别为89.86%、98.11%、96.07%,在2份样品中检出金黄色葡萄球菌。定型包装糕点的合格率低于散装糕点的合格率,但差异无显著性(x2=0.29,P>0.05)。裱花蛋糕的合格率低于散装糕点和定型包装糕点的合格率,差异有显著性(x21=11.49,x22=8.19,均P<0.05)。镇村的糕点合格率明显低于中心城区,差异有显著性(x2=31.86,P<0.005)。结论番禺区糕点类食品卫生质量仍存在不少问题,应加强对镇村糕点加工场的监督检查,要重视定型包装糕点存在的卫生问题。     

深圳市宝安区2002年糕点食品卫生调查报告

目的了解宝安区糕点食品和食品生产过程的卫生情况。方法参照国家标准检验方法，2002年对抽检各类糕点样品和从业人员进行微生物检测和健康体检。结果共检测两大类4种不同糕点食品982份，微生物合格率为95．9％；对生产经营单位糕点产品进行分析，大型生产和经营单位的产品的合格率分别为100．00％和99．2％，稍高于小型生产和经营单位的89．4％和95．4％，从业人员体检合格率为94．3％；生产经营单位卫生许可证合格率为93．3％。结论宝安区糕点生产经营单位仍存在引起食物中毒和食源性疾病的隐患，应加强监督。     

南通市崇川区2012-2014年食品微生物检测结果分析

目的:通过对崇川辖区内食品检测结果分析,了解该区食品卫生状况,为食品卫生安全管理提供可靠依据。方法:按《食品卫生标准及相关法规汇编》[1]对2012-2014年辖区内餐饮单位的熟肉制品、凉拌菜、糕点面包等3大类食品进行检测与评价,检测项目:菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。结果:2012-2014年共检测3大类444份食品样品,合格401份,合格率90.31%,不合格项目主要为菌落总数、大肠菌群。3年间食品检测合格率分别为88.81%、90.13%、91.94%,3年检测合格率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);熟肉制品、凉拌菜、糕点面包3类检样微生物合格率分别为97.45%、92.68%、92.72%,熟肉制品与其他两类检样微生物合格率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5个检测项目的合格率分别为85.36%、88.28%、99.09%、100%、100%,菌落总数、大肠菌群与其他检测项目合格率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:由此可见我辖区范内的食品安全总体卫生状况良好,但还存在隐患,相关部门要加强管理,保障食品安全。     

2004-2005年青岛市四方区四类易超标食品检测结果分析

目的：为了解本区易超标食品状况，为监督提供科学依据，以便提高其卫生质量。方法：对2004-2005年易超标食品：熟肉制品、糕点类、油炸小食品、非发酵性豆制品四类检测情况进行分析。结果：2004-2005年四类易超标食品检测合格率为82．35％．明显低于其他类食品合格率94．38％。熟肉制品合格率为79．23％，检测散装合格率为64．10％，低于定型包装合格率90．48％；超市检测样品合格率91．58％，高于集贸市场样品合格率65．91％。以菌落总数、大肠菌群及亚硝酸盐检测结果易超标。糕点类合格率为88．36％，送检样品合格率为93．93％，高于检测样品合格率79．46％。以菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌及酸价、过氧化值检测结果易超标。油炸小食品合格率为72．78％，检测定型包装样品合格率为84．06％，高于散装样品合格率65．77％，以菌落总数、大肠菌群及酸价、过氧化值检测结果易超标。非发酵性豆制品合格率为61．45％。抽检样品合格率50．00％．低于送检样品合格率75．68％．以菌落总数、大肠菌群检测结果易超标。结论：熟肉制品、糕点类、油炸小食品及非发酵性豆制品四类食品较其他类食品易超标。以微生物污染较严重，理化指标熟肉制品的亚硝酸盐易超标；糕点类及油炸小食品的酸价、过氧化值易超标。并应加强对集贸市场和散装食品的卫生监督管理。以提高易超标食品卫生质量。     

广东梅县2006～2008年学校食堂食品原材料卫生状况调查

目的了解梅县学校食堂食品原材料卫生状况,预防和控制学生食物中毒的发生。方法对梅县2006～2008年42所中小学校及职业学校食堂的食品原材料进行索证及抽样检测。结果梅县42所中小学校及职业学校食堂食品原材料索证率为28．57％。各类食品原材料合格率最高的是使用中食用油为92．00％,其次是使用中酱油合格率为90．00％,蔬菜农药残留合格率为86．67％,最低为熟肉合格率36．92％。各类食品原材料合格率差异有显著性（x2=78．14,P〈0．01）。结论梅县中小学校及职业学校食堂的卫生状况不容乐观,学校与卫生监督部门应提高认识,采取切实可行的有效措施,确保学校食品安全工作,促进青少年健康成长。     

2002～2006年阳江市二次供水水质监测结果分析

目的 了解阳江市二次供水水质卫生状况.方法 2002～2006年分别对辖区旅店业、餐饮业、居民区的二次供水按《生活饮用水卫生规范》（2001）进行检测和评价.结果 共检测水样331份,二次供水总合格率为70.0%,各年度二次供水合格率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=8.60,P＞0.05）.在检测项目中以余氯、菌落总数合格率最低,分别为80.9%、89.1%;其次浑浊度、铁、锌,合格率分别为93.3%、97.0%、97.7%;耗氧量、大肠菌群合格率达100%.结论 阳江市二次供水整体合格率偏低,水质不理想,其主要原因是余氯含量低、细菌总数超标等.提示今后应进一步加大二次供水的卫生管理,加强二次供水的技术指导和水质卫生监督监测,提高二次供水的卫生质量.     

揭阳市面包、糕点卫生监测结果分析

目的 调查揭阳市区各类商铺出售的各类面包、糕点的卫生状况。方法 2004年对揭阳市区生产和出售各类面包、糕点的企业或商铺，包括大、中、小型商铺及各大型超级购物商场进行随机抽样检测。结果 该市面包、糕点类总合格率为86．21％(175／203)，其中非定型包装面包、糕点类及含奶油面包、糕点类的合格率偏低，分别为54．72％及45．00％。结论 建议面包、糕点生产企业不论规模大小，都要尽可能采用定型包装，加强卫生知识学习及企业管理。     

通化市食品企业生产用水卫生的调查

目的:了解通化市食品生产企业的生产用水卫生质量及卫生状况,控制其产品卫生质量状况,为卫生监督管理提供科学依据.方法:按<生活饮用水卫生标准>GB 5749-2006和<生活饮用水标准检验方法>GB/T 5750--2006进行采样,共采水样59份,对全市39家食品企业进行现场调查及样品检测.结果:59份水样中各项指标全部合格的有9份占14.5%,自备水合格率为13.8%,自来水合格率为25%;2008年总合格率为8.7%,2009年至2010年为17.9%.结论:调查结果表明我市食品生产企业生产用水总体水质卫生质量相对较低,主要表现为感官性状和一般化学指标,微生物指标污染.     

2003～2005年偃师市食品超市中食品卫生质量调查分析

目的为了解我市食品超市中食品的卫生质量状况,于2003~2005年对我市16家食品超市中的食品进行了检测分析,食品超市中蜜饯及散装熟肉,存在较大隐患,饮料、糖果、牛乳类、糕点类食品卫生状况较好。建议卫生监督部门应加强对食品超市中蜜饯及散装熟食的卫生监督管理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.