丙肝病毒NS5B-EGFP融合蛋白真核表达载体的构建及稳定转染HepG2细胞系的建立

目的　构建可表达丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)NS5B EGFP融合蛋白的真核表达载体 ;获得重组质粒稳定转染的HepG2 细胞系。方法　利用PCR技术从HCV基因组中扩增出ns5b基因片段 ,XhoⅠ KpnⅠ双酶切后连接到经同样酶切的pEGFP N3真核表达载体 ,转化TG1菌株感受态细胞 ,获得阳性重组质粒pEGFPN3 ns5b。将阳性克隆用脂质体法转染HepG2 细胞 ,经持续G4 18压力选择和有限稀释法克隆化获得稳定转染的细胞系。结果　成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFPN3 ns5b ;建立了其重组质粒稳定转染的HepG2 细胞系。结论　重组质粒稳定转染的HepG2 细胞系可表达NS5B EGFP融合蛋白 ;该HepG2 细胞系可以应用于以ns5b基因为靶位的抗HCV感染研究     

HCV NS5A基因在hepG2细胞中的表达以及对PI3K的影响

目的：探讨HCV—NS5A对PI3K表达的影响。方法：应用PCR技术从含有HCV全长开放阅读框的质粒中获得NS5A全长基因片段，利用基因重组技术将其克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3．0（-）中。通过酶切、PCR及测序鉴定，NS5A基因已正确插入到pcDNA3．0（-）中，再利用脂质体转染HepG2细胞。结果：经RT—PCR及Western blot检测，HCV的NS5A基因在HepG2细胞中获得表达，而且在表达重组NS5A的转染HepG2细胞中，检测到PI3K蛋白的表达。结论：NS5A可在体外激活PI3K及其信号通路。     

HCV非结构蛋白3真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/NS3的构建

目的：构建HCV NS3基因真核表达载体，为进一步研究和解析HCV NS3基因诱发不死化人肝细胞癌化的机制准备了条件。方法：将含HCV全长基因的pBRTM/HCV1-3011质粒转化感受态菌JM109并扩增；提取pBRTM/HCV1-3011质粒；从pBRTM/HCV1-3011质粒中PCR扩增出HCV NS3片段；并将其插入到克隆载体pMD18-T中，再与表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)重组，以得到重组的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/NS3；最后限制性酶切鉴定HCV NS3表达载体。结果：从pBRTM/HCV1-3011质粒中扩增出的HCV NS3片段大小正确，经测序证明其碱基序列为编码目的基因的正确序列；凝胶电泳结果证明已将此片段克隆到pcDNA3.1/NS3内。结论：成功地构建了HCV NS3基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/NS3。     

核小体Th表位和CTLA4Ig双基因共表达真核表达载体的构建

目的将核小体Th表位与CTLA4Ig融合基因融合，研究CTLA4Ig作为真核表达载体的可行性。方法用touchdown PCR法扩增CTLA4Ig基因，同时引入核小体Th表位（H2B14-28）。将PCR产物连接真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋），构建pcDNA3．1（＋）-CTLA4Ig—H2B。将表达质粒转染COS-7细胞，Western blot检测转染细胞裂解上清中融合蛋白的表达。将构建表达CTLA4Ig—H2B的减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207喂饲BALB／c小鼠，取脾脏进行免疫组化鉴定重组蛋白在动物体内的表达。结果酶切鉴定和基因序列测定显示重组质粒构建成功。在pcDNA3．1（＋）-CTLA4Ig—H2B质粒转染后48h细胞裂解上清中，检测到CTLA4Ig融合蛋白的表达，该蛋白能与抗人CTLA-4单抗特异结合。重组蛋白在BALB／c小鼠脾脏免疫细胞胞浆中有阳性表达。结论成功构建了能稳定表达核小体Th表位和CTLA4Ig融合基因的真核表达载体。     

杜氏利什曼原虫amastin基因重组真核表达质粒的构建与表达

目的：构建杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体蛋白（alllastin）编码基因的真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1-amastin，并研究其在NIH3T3细胞中的表达。方法：提取杜氏利什曼原虫基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。将扩增的无鞭毛体蛋白基因片段导入质粒pcDNA3．1（＋）中，构建真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1-amastin。以pcDNA3．1-amastin转染NIH3T3细胞，采用免疫荧光染色法和RT-PCR分别鉴定pcDNA3．1-amastin的瞬时表达和稳定表达。结果：在细胞膜和细胞内均观察到较强的绿色荧光，表明pcDNA3．1-amastin成功地转入NIH3T3细胞，并在细胞膜和细胞内获得短暂表达。稳定转染的NIH3T3细胞的总RNA经反转录后，用PCR扩增出无鞭毛体蛋白基因，表明获得了稳定表达。结论：成功地构建杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体蛋白基因的真核表达重组质粒，并且该基因在NIH3T3细胞中获得了稳定表达。     

西尼罗病毒NS1单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的以西尼罗病毒非结构蛋白(nonstructural protein1,NS1)为免疫原制备西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白特异性单克隆抗体,并鉴定其特异性。方法在表达具有良好抗原性的重组西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白基础上免疫Balb/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,用间接ELISA法筛选阳性的杂交瘤细胞,并结合免疫荧光(IFA)和免疫印迹对所获得单克隆抗体的特异性进行鉴定,通过竞争抑制试验对m Ab识别的抗原位点进行分析。结果获得39株特异性针对西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白的单克隆抗体,Ig亚类测定结果Ig G3和Ig G2a单抗各2株,Ig G2b单抗5株,Ig G单抗1株,另外29株均为Ig G1。结论成功获得了特异性针对西尼罗病毒NS1蛋白的单克隆抗体,将为进一步建立西尼罗病毒NS1抗原检测方法及探讨NS1蛋白及抗体在西尼罗病毒发病机制中提供依据。     

SIRT1及其突变体T200I、E420K真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的 克隆沉默信息调节因子1（SIRTl）基因的全长cDNA,构建含有SIRT1基因及其突变体T200I、E420K的重组真核表达载体,为进一步研究SIRT1基因功能奠定基础.方法 采用RT-PCR方法扩增SIRT1基因的全长cDNA,扩增产物通过双酶切将全长cDNA克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）,得到pcDNA3.1 （＋）-SIRT1重组质粒;同时采用定点突变法构建其突变体pcDNA3.1 （＋）-T200I和pcDNA3.1（＋）-E420K表达载体.重组质粒经酶切鉴定和DNA序列测定,筛选出重组成功的真核表达载体.结果 成功克隆了SIRT1基因全长cDNA,并成功构建了pcDNA3.1 （＋）-SIRT1及其突变体的真核表达载体;阳性重组质粒酶切后经测序比对鉴定,与预期序列完全相符,转染293T细胞后可以表达带有HIS标签的SIRT1蛋白.结论 此方法可成功构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）-SIRT1及其突变体pcDNA3.1（＋）-T200I、pcDNA3.1（＋）-E420K真核表达载体,为SIRT1基因及其突变体T200I、E420K的生物学功能研究提供了基因材料.     

HCV核心蛋白与NS4B对HepG2细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨HCV核心蛋白与非结构蛋白4B（NS4B）对HepG2细胞增殖的影响及可能机制.方法 重组质粒pcDNA3.1（-）Core与pcDNA3.1（-）NS4B单独和联合转染HepG2细胞,同时以转染空载体和未转染HepG2细胞作为对照.RT-PCR及Western Blot检测各组细胞中HCVCore、NS4B 、Wnt1、β-catenin 、c-myc及CyclinD1表达;MTT法,平板克隆形成试验检测HCV核心蛋白与NS4B对HepG2细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术检测细胞周期.结果 ①pcDNA3.1（-）Core与pcDNA3.1（-）NS4B单独和联合转染HepG2细胞,成功表达HCV Core或/（和）NS4B mRNA和蛋白.②pcDNA3.1（-）Core和pcDNA3.1（-）NS4B单独转染和联合转染的HepG2细胞Wnt1、β-catenin、c-myc、CyclinD1 mRNA与蛋白的相对表达量均高于HepG2/pcDNA3.1（-）组和HepG2组（P＜0.01）.③与HepG2/pcDNA3.1（-）组和HepG2组比较,pcDNA3.1（-）Core和pcDNA3.1（-） NS4B单独转染和联合转染的HepG2细胞活力和克隆形成能力增强,S期和G2/M期细胞比例升高（P＜0.01）.结论 HCV核心蛋白与NS4B能加速HepG2细胞周期进程,促进细胞增殖,这种效应可能与其增强Wnt1、β-catenin、c-myc及CyclinD1的表达相关.     

DNA免疫法研制抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒M蛋白中和性单克隆抗体

目的：研制抗PRRSVM蛋白的单克隆抗体（McAb），以期获得中和性单克隆抗体。方法：将PRRSVM蛋白的基因克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3．1，利用构建成的重组真核质粒免疫BALB／c小鼠，采用杂交瘤技术制备抗PRRSVM蛋白的单抗，建立间接ELISA方法筛选阳性克隆。利用试剂盒检测Ig亚类。通过免疫印迹（Western blot）、间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）鉴定McAb的特异性。间接ELISA和病毒中和试验检测杂交瘤细胞上清McAb效价和腹水McAb效价。结果：获得3株可分泌特异性抗PRRSVM蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，分别命名为1A7、4G3、51：3。1A7和4G3的Ig亚类为IgM。ELISA检测杂交瘤细胞培养上清效价为1：54～1：1024，腹水效价为1：3200～1：10240。同时用Western blot、IFA检测，结果均是阳性。4G3和1AT相对亲和力不同，证明其识别不同抗原位点。1AT和4G3具有病毒中和活性，中和效价达到1：96。结论：获得2株特异性抗PRRSVM蛋白的中和性单抗，为PRRSV诊断和免疫预防研究奠定了重要基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白DNA免疫初步研究

目的　观察HCV核心蛋白基因的DNA免疫效果。方法　将HCV核心蛋白基因插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( ) ,构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1 c。在证明该重组质粒可在哺乳动物COS7细胞中表达的基础上 ,用重组质粒 10 0 μg免疫小鼠 ,同时设立空白质粒组和PBS组两组对照 ,初次免疫后 4周、8周各进行一次加强免疫。小鼠体液免疫反应和T淋巴细胞增殖检测分别采用间接免疫荧光法和MTT法。结果　pcDNA3.1 c可在COS7细胞内表达HCV核心抗原 ,接种于Balb c小鼠能有效诱导体液和细胞免疫应答。结论　重组质粒pcDNA3.1 c对于丙型肝炎防治具有潜在价值     

Characterization of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis C NS3 recombinant protein

Recombinant protein rNS3 imitating helicase region (1356-1459 amino acid residues) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was expressed in E. coli cells and used for BALB/c mice immunization. Seven hybrydoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to rHS3 were obtained. All MAbs reacted in ELISA with NS3 protein from Murex anti-HCV Version III and in immunoblotting from RIBA 3. These MAbs detect 5 individual epitopes, 4 of which were conformational and 1 discontinuous. All MAbs could compete for rNS3 binding with serum antibodies from patients with chronic hepatitis C, which suggests that these MAbs can recognize the natural HCV NS3 protein.     

两株登革2型病毒NS1基因真核重组质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠产生特异性抗体水平的比较

目的 利用登革2型病毒(dengue type 2 virus,DENV2)M株和NGC株NS1基因部分扇列PcDNA3.1重组质粒初次和加强免疫BALB/c小鼠,观察免疫小鼠体液免疫应答的差异.方法 分别构建两株DENV2 NS1基因部分序列(1-413 bp)的PcDNA3.1真核重组质粒和pET28a(+)质粒,进行原核蛋白的表达、鉴定、纯化和定量;并用pcDNA3.1重组质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,初次免疫及第7天、14天分别加强免疫1次,共免疫3次.收集初次免疫后第7、14、28和56天外周血标本,间接ELISA法测定小鼠血清特异性IgM/IgG类抗体水平,细胞病变抑制法检测特异保护性抗体水平.结果 构建了pET28a(+)-NS1m/pET28a(+)-NS1n原核表达重组质粒,SDS-PAGE分析表明,NS1基因部分序列获得表达,其相对分子质量均约22.3×103;Western blot表明该目的 蛋白可与抗His标签单克隆抗体结合;经Ni柱亲和层析法得到纯度达92%的表达蛋白,对C6/36细胞有毒性,并可用于ELASA检测.不同DENV2毒株NS1基因部分序列的pcDNA3.1重组质粒初次和加强免疫BALB/c小鼠诱导特异性IgM、IgG类和中和抗体的产生存在差异,M株重组质粒加强免疫小鼠后特异性抗体效价水平较高并持续较长时间.结论 DENV2两毒株NS1基因部分序列重组质粒免疫小鼠后诱生的特异性抗体类别、水平存在差异.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice immunized by recombinant plasmids PeDNA3.1-M-NS1 and pcDNA3.1-N-NS1.Methods Dengue type 2 virus(DENV2)NS1 gene were constructed two partial sequences(1-413 bp)of the pcDNA3.1 eukaryotic plasmids and pET28a(+)plasmid for prokaryotic expression,identification,purification and quantification.The BALB/c mice were immunized by pcDNA3.1-M-NS1,pcDNA3.1-N-NS1 recombinant plasmids with adjuvant.Each animal received a primary inoculation and two boosts at 1-week intervals.Then the blood samples of BALB/c mice were collected from different experiment groups at day 7,14,28 and 56,respectively after first immunization.The specific IgM/IgG antibodies for NS1 protein in serum were confirmed by indirect ELISA.And then the activities of the specific protective antibody were determined by cytopathic effect inhibition(CPEI).Results Construction of the pET28a(+)-NS1 m/pET28a(+)-NS1n prokaryotic expression plasmid,SDS-PAGE analysis showed that,NS1 gene partial sequence was expressed,both the relative molecular weight of about 22.3×103:Western blot showed that the protein can bind anti-His tag monoclonal antibody;byNi affinity chromatographywith apurity of 92% protein,on the C6/36 cell toxicity,and can be used ELASA detection.The results showed that the levels of specific IgM/IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody activities were increased in pcDNA3.1-M-NS1 booster immunization group than other groups.The result had been observed longer duration of antibody level in peDNA3.1-M-NS1 booster immunization group.Conclusion Humoral immune response were significantly different between pcDNA3.1-M-NS1 and pcDNA3.1-N-NS1 recombinant plasmid immunized mice groups.     

人偏肺病毒DNA疫苗的构建和小鼠免疫反应的研究

目的 构建人偏肺病毒(hMPV)DNA疫苗,小鼠免疫后评价其细胞和体液免疫水平.方法 利用PCR方法,从hMPV的cDNA中扩增融合蛋白FATM(缺失跨膜区)基因和基质蛋白M基因,构建DNA疫苗pcDNA3.1His-FATM和pcDNA3.1His-M,瞬时转染后用Western Blot和间接免疫荧光方法检测F、M蛋白表达.疫苗肌内注射免疫小鼠,ELISA和ELISPOT方法分别检测血清IgG抗体和小鼠脾细胞CTL水平.结果 Western Blot和间接免疫荧光(IFA)方法证明构建的疫苗可表达FATM和M蛋白.peDNA3.1His-FATM单独免疫小鼠,血清抗体滴度为1:44;与pcDNA3.1His-M联合免疫后,血清抗体滴度为1:64.ELISPOT检测证明,联合免疫组小鼠脾细胞产生IFN-γ的效应CD8+T细胞数为42±8.9,高于单独免疫组32±7.4的水平.结论 DNA疫苗peDNA3.1His-F△TM可以诱导产生特异性的体液和细胞免疫,与pcDNA3.1His-M联合免疫,可以提高免疫水平.     

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS2 protein up-regulates HCV IRES-dependent translation and down-regulates NS5B RdRp activity

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to liver cancer. The HCV NS2 protein is a hydrophobic transmembrane protein that associates with several cellular proteins in mammalian cells. In this report, we investigated the function of NS2 protein on HCV replication and translation by using a transient cell-based expression system. Cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1 (−)-NS2 and the dual-luciferase reporter construct containing the HCV IRES were used to detect the effect of NS2 protein on HCV translation. Cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1(−)-NS2, pcDNA-NS5B and a reporter plasmid were used to detect the effect of NS2 protein on HCV replication. The results showed that HCV NS2 protein up-regulated HCV IRES-dependent translation in a specific and dose-dependent manner in Huh7 cells but not in HeLa and HepG2 cells, and NS2 protein inhibited NS5B RdRp activity in a dose-independent manner in all three cell lines. These findings may suggest a novel mechanism by which HCV modulates its NS5B replication and IRES-dependent translation and facilitates virus persistence. Y. She and Q. Liao contributed equally to this work.     

过表达脑红蛋白抑制双转基因AD小鼠脑中Aβ诱导的凋亡

目的:研究AD双转基因(APPswe/PS1d E9)小鼠侧脑室注射质粒p NGB后,过表达脑红蛋白(neuroglobin,NGB)对Aβ诱导的AD小鼠脑中细胞凋亡的影响及其潜在机制。方法:将24只鉴定后的13月龄AD双转基因阳性小鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为对照组、侧脑室注射生理盐水+pc DNA3.1(1 g/L)组和侧脑室注射pc DNA3.1(1 g/L)+p NGB组。采用免疫组化检测鼠脑Aβ1-42表达情况,TUNEL染色检测脑内细胞的凋亡情况;Western blot检测鼠脑内与凋亡密切相关的cleaved caspase-3、caspase-9以及PI3K、p-Akt、Akt的蛋白水平。结果:与对照组和注射生理盐水组比较,注射p NGB组小鼠脑内Aβ1-42的表达明显受到抑制(P0.01),TUNEL染色阳性细胞数也明显减少(P0.01);过表达NGB能够明显抑制脑组织内cleaved caspase-3和caspase-9的蛋白表达(P0.01),促进Akt磷酸化水平的增强(P0.01)。结论:p NGB过表达能够明显抑制Aβ的生成并抑制Aβ诱导的细胞凋亡,其机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt通路进而抑制与凋亡密切相关的cleaved caspase-3和caspase-9的表达有关。     

禽流感病毒非结构蛋白1单克隆抗体的制备及其特异性分析

为研制禽流感病毒(H5N1)非结构蛋白1(NS1)的特异性单克隆抗体(mAb),并鉴定其特异性,本研究在分别表达了具有良好抗原性的A/Vietnam/1194/04(H5N1)-NS1和A/HongKong/486/97(H5N1)-NS1重组蛋白基础上,用A/Viet-nam/1194/04(H5N1)-NS1蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,间接ELISA筛选阳性的杂交瘤细胞,并结合免疫荧光和免疫印迹对抗体的特异性进行鉴定,通过竞争抑制实验对单抗识别的抗原位点进行分析。结果共获得19株能识别4个H5N1-NS1蛋白不同抗原位点的mAb,亚类测定显示,5株为IgG2a、1株为IgG2b,另外13株为IgG1。这些mAb均与A/Vietnam/1194/04(H5N1)-NS1和A/HongKong/486/97(H5N1)-NS1重组蛋白特异性结合,免疫荧光检测均与A型流感病毒(H1N1和H3N2)有交叉反应,而与B型流感病毒无交叉现象。表明成功获得特异性针对H5N1-NS1蛋白的mAb,为进一步研究禽流感病毒NS1蛋白的结构与功能奠定基础。     

Development of Monoclonal Antibodies to West Nile Virus and Their Application in Immunohistochemistry

West Nile virus (WNV) is endemic throughout Africa, Eurasia, America, and Australia and has important implications for avian, horse, and human health. In these regions, dead birds are monitored for the presence of WNV through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR. However, a number of the tools for IHC are inadequate owing to their cross-reactivity to other Japanese encephalitis serogroup viruses. Here we have established eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to WNV. Four of them bound to the envelope protein, three of them bound to nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), and one bound to precursor membrane protein (prM), as shown by Western blot analysis. The anti-NS1 MAbs and the anti-prM MAb did not cross-react with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Murray valley encephalitis virus, or St. Louis encephalitis virus in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One NS1-specific MAb, SHW-32B1, and the previously reported NS1-specific MAb, SHW-7A11, were shown by IHC to specifically detect the cytoplasm of degenerated cells in the heart and brain of a WNV-infected goose. Neither of these MAbs were shown by IHC to cross-react with degenerated cells in the brain of a JEV-infected pig. These MAbs are the first reported anti-NS1 MAbs that can be used for WNV-specific IHC using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. They may be useful for WNV research and surveillance.     

Localization and immunological characterization of antigenic domains of the rabies virus internal N and NS proteins

To locate epitopes on internal antigens of rabies virus, purified N and NS proteins of the nucleocapsid were cleaved at methionine, tryptophan or glutamic acid residues, transferred to nitrocellulose and immunostained using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for N and NS proteins, respectively. Five MAb-positive fragments of N protein and one fragment of NS protein were located after NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis within the deduced amino acid sequences of N and NS proteins. Antigenic analysis of synthetic overlapping peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequences of these fragments localized two major antigenic sites of N protein and one antigenic site of NS protein. Like the N- and NS-specific MAbs, anti-peptide antisera produced against the different synthetic antigens either reacted in a type-common fashion with all rabies virus strains, or in a type-specific manner with a restricted number of strains. The synthetic peptides corresponding to the three antigenic regions of the N and NS proteins also stimulated proliferation of human T lymphocytes derived from vaccinees who received inactivated rabies virus vaccine. This suggested that the antigenic regions of N and NS proteins are recognized by both B and T cells.     

Antigenic analysis of West Nile virus strains using monoclonal antibodies

Summary Seventeen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the flavivirus West Nile strain H442. While the majority of these were specific for the major envelope protein, MAbs directed against the NS1 and ns4a nonstructural proteins were also identified. The MAbs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence against 16 southern African West Nile (WN) isolates, representative strains from the two main WN antigenic groups and several viruses from other flavivirus complexes. The MAb reactivities ranged from WN strain-specific to broadly flavivirus-group reactive. Comparison of the local isolates revealed the presence of several different strains, all of which were antigenically distinct from the representative strains of the two WN antigenic groups.