上颌后牙区严重骨萎缩的种植修复设计

目的:利用上颌结节种植搭桥术,解决上颌后牙区多颗牙缺失、牙槽嵴过度吸收、且不宜或不愿做上颌窦提升植骨的患者的种植修复需求.方法:对游离端多颗后牙缺失、牙槽嵴严重萎缩的患者.采用CDIC系统的柱状组合式种植体,在上颌结节区种植,半年后联种植体烤瓷桥修复.结果:上颌后牙区牙槽嵴顶过度吸收,上颌窦的过度气化及骨质疏松.常导致上颌后牙区的骨量严重不足,甚至仅存上颌窦底壁,不宜做上颌窦内提升植骨.而做上颌窦开放式提升植骨术,手术步骤较复杂、时间较长,术后患者局部肿胀、疼痛,同时人工骨的费用也增加了患者的经济负担.这些问题均使种植术在上颌后牙区的临床应用中受到很大限制.各国学者纷纷围绕上颌后牙区的骨量不足及骨质疏松问题展开了全面的研究,取得了积极的进展.本文所述的上颌结节区种植搭桥术解决了严重骨萎缩又要求固定修复患者的迫切要求.该方法相对于上颌窦提升植骨术有创伤小、疗程短、费用低、操作简便、患者痛苦小、接受率高等优点.结论:上颌结节区种植搭桥术不失为一种有效的方法.随着口腔种植医师的更多研究与应用,该技术将更成熟的运用于临床.讨论:关于上颌结节区的骨质疏松及种植体植入的方向和角度.都是需要进一步研究和关注的问题.     

自体植骨上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入术近期疗效观察

目的:评价自体骨开窗式上颌窦提升术对上颌后牙区牙槽骨高度严重不足(高度4～6mm)的患者种植治疗的近期疗效。方法:对4例上颌后牙骨量不足(高度4～6mm)而需种植修复的病例,实施自体植骨的开窗式上颌窦提升术,并同期植入种植体共9枚。自体移植骨来自种植窝制备时中空钻取骨,在需做牙槽嵴修整处的牙槽骨棘取骨,如不够再用刮骨器取骨或从颏部手术取骨,将所取之骨碾碎备用。结果:术后7个月拍片,均显示骨性愈合;冠修复后行使功能18～24个月效果理想。结论:自体取骨植骨用于上颌窦提升,可扩大种植手术适应证,降低种植成本。     

上颌窦内提升植骨及同期牙种植术在严重上颌骨萎缩中的应用

目的:评价上颌窦内提升同期牙种植术在上颌牙槽骨高度严重不足的临床应用.方法:对25例上颌窦底牙槽骨剩余高度1.9-5.0mm(平均高度3.5mm)的牙缺失患者采用空心环柱形切骨锯在种植区切骨、取骨,用骨挤压器对上颌窦底提升后,将圆柱状骨芯研磨成颗粒后,将自体骨颗粒或混合羟基磷灰石的颗粒植入上颌窦底,再置入种植体,术后1、3、6、12、18、24个月后复查.结果:共29枚种植体植入,其中窦底提升5-8mm后(平均6.45mm)植入27枚,上颌窦穿孔后盖膜植骨同期植入2枚.分别植入18枚Replace和11枚Xive种植体,全部一期愈合,术后3-6月大部分病例的X线片显示种植体与新骨形成紧密的骨性结合,术后1.5-6月完成种植修复,效果理想.术后18-30月留存率100%.结论:上颌牙槽骨高度严重不足的病例中采用上颌窦内提升,结合原位取骨、植骨,同期牙种植的方法能有效解决上颌后牙区骨量严重不足时的牙种植问题.     

上颌窦区骨量不足3mm植骨后同期种植临床效果分析

目的:探讨在上颌窦区骨量不足3 mm的情况下,进行上颌窦底提升术并植骨同期将种植体植入的临床效果.方法:选择复旦大学附属中山医院和静安区牙病防治所2012年4月1日-2015年12月31日上颌后牙缺失患者56例,剩余牙槽骨高度均小于3 mm,术中行上颌窦底提升术并植骨,同期将种植体植入.术后3、6、12个月定期随访,分析及评估术后愈合效果及骨结合情况.结果:56例患者共植入72颗种植体,随访期间,种植体与周围骨组织结合良好,种植体稳定.术后6个月行种植修复,均能正常行使咀嚼功能,牙龈无形态、色泽异常,无并发症发生,手术成功率为100％.结论:对于上颌窦底骨量不足3 mm的患者,术中行上颌窦底提升术并植骨同期将种植体植入,也能取得良好的治疗效果.     

上颌窦提升植骨在上颌后牙区种植术的临床应用

目的评价上颌窦提升、植入上颌结节自体骨加Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌后牙种植的方法和效果。方法对5例上颌后牙区垂直骨量不足患者行6侧上颌窦提升,植入上颌结节自体骨加Bio-Oss骨粉,同期种植体植入。结果6个月后X线片显示植骨区改建成新骨,种植体无松动脱落,与周围组织形成良好的骨性结合。结论上颌结节自体骨加Bio-Oss骨粉植入,提升上颌窦拓展了种植的应用范围。     

上颌窦内自体骨块与颗粒骨联合移植同期种植体植入的临床探讨

目的：探讨上颌窦开放式提升中自体骨块与颗粒骨联合移植同期种植体植入的临床应用方法及效果。方法：5例患者5侧上颌窦在进行上颌窦开放式提升中取自体上颌结节处骨块移植入上颌窦底并联合植入颗粒骨代用品,同期植入种植体,6—7月后行Nobel Replace Ti—Unite种植体上部修复。分别与术后即刻、5月及12月行临床及X线效果观察。结果：5侧经开放式提升的上颌窦窦底提升在7.1-12．0mm间,平均10．48mm;植入的5个种植体,X线示种植体与周围骨结合良好,种植体无松动,效果满意。结论：上颌窦内自体骨块与颗粒骨联合移植同期种植体植入术,解决了上颌后牙区垂直骨量不足难以同期种植的难题,扩大了种植临床适应症。     

上颌窦提升术在重度萎缩上颌骨牙种植中的应用

目的：寻找上颌后牙区骨量不足，种植体易穿上颌窦的解决方法。方法：4例5侧上颌窦行上颌窦底提升、植骨、同期或延期种植体植入要，术后当天1、3、6、12月检查上颌窦与种植体界面结合情况。结果：种植体无松动或脱落，X线显示上颌窦无液平面，种植体周围无阴影。结论：上颌窦提升术可有效解决上颌后部牙缺失后骨量不足，种植易失败的难题。     

上颌后牙区骨膨胀技术结合上颌窦闭式提升术植入CDIC种植体的探讨

目的：探讨一种创伤较小的后牙牙槽脊增宽，同期植入CDIC种植体的方法。方法：通过使用后牙骨挤压骨膨胀的技术获得初期固位。结果：两例病例获得成功，近期成功率达100％。结论：上颌后牙区骨挤压骨膨胀技术结合上颌窦闭式提升术植入CDIC种植体是一种解决后牙区骨萎缩的方法。     

上颌窦提升植骨同期牙种植的临床疗效

目的 研究上颌窦提升术后同期植入种植体的临床效果.方法 对15例38颗垂直骨量不足的上颌后牙行上颌窦提升植骨同期牙种植,种植体上部结构修复完成后6～36个月定期复查.结果 观察期内,除1颗种植体由于(牙合)力负荷过大松动脱落外,其余种植体与周围组织均形成良好的骨性结合,能行使较好的咀嚼功能.结论 掌握上颌窦提升植骨同期牙种植的适应证和手术技巧,灵活选择种植系统,短期效果良好,长期效果有待追踪.     

闭合式上颌窦提升术在种植修复中的应用体会

目的 探讨闭合式上颌窦提升术在上颌后牙区骨量不足患者种植修复中的临床疗效。方法 选择我院2009年至2012年上颌后牙区20例牙槽骨高度不足种植患者,采用闭合式上颌窦提升技术,同期植入27颗种植体,随访至少12个月。选择20例条件相近病例,行开放式上颌窦提升同期种植体植入作为对照组。结果 随访期间,26枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,种植修复取得了较好的临床效果。1枚种植体二期手术时,被纤维组织包裹,松动。种植体成功率96.30%。实验组植入骨吸收量小于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 选择合宜的外科操作技巧,在上颌萎缩后牙区采取闭合式上颌窦提升术同期植入种植体的方法能大大缩短患者的治疗时间,取得很高的成功率以及良好的临床效果。     

Intrasinusal locking technique: a novel use of the ring block technique at sinus perforations for simultaneous implant placement

Ten patients who underwent sinus lift surgery with simultaneous implant placement using the intrasinusal locking technique were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were scheduled for sinus floor elevation procedures with simultaneous implant placement. Schneiderian membrane perforation occurred during the lifting procedure, and conventional methods failed to repair the perforation. Therefore, an autogenous bone ring was placed at the base of the maxillary sinus and was locked to the alveolar crest with a dental implant. Marginal resorption around the dental implants was measured on panoramic radiographs. Prosthetic rehabilitation was performed at 6 months postoperative. The overall survival rate of the implants over a mean follow-up of 24.3 months was 90%. One case failed due to resorption of the alveolar crest around the implant as a result of infection; the implant and the adjacent ring were removed at 1 month postoperative. At the time of writing, the nine implants placed using the documented technique continue to function well, without any signs of peri-implant disease. The proposed approach allows for simultaneous dental implant placement in the extremely atrophic maxilla, even if there is extensive perforation of the Schneiderian membrane.     

改良式上颌窦内提升术在上颌磨牙区的种植应用

目的　探讨改良式上颌窦内提升术在上颌磨牙区骨量不足患者种植修复中的临床疗效。方法　选择我院2012年至2016年上颌磨牙区40例牙槽骨高度不足种植患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组20例采用改良式上颌窦内提升技术,同期植入20颗种植体,对照组20例采用传统敲击式上颌窦内提升术,同期植入20颗种植体,比较两组的随访预后,随访至少12个月。结果　随访期间,两组40枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,种植修复取得了较好的临床效果。结论　选择合宜的适应症,在上颌萎缩后牙区采取改良式上颌窦内提升术同期植入种植体的方法可以取得良好的临床效果,手术简单,可应用于临床实践。     

上颌窦底内提升微创种植体植入17例临床疗效观察

目的:探讨上颌窦底内提升同期不翻瓣微创种植体植入术的临床疗效。方法:2006-09—2010-05期间,17例上颌后牙缺失患者,种植区剩余垂直骨高度(residual bone high,RBH)为5.5～9.0 mm,进行上颌窦底内提升同期不翻瓣微创种植体植入术植入后3～6个月行种植体永久修复。术后1周及1、3、6、12个月复诊,之后每6个月复诊1次,检查种植体稳定性、种植体周牙龈组织健康状况,拍摄X线片观察种植体周骨高度。结果:追踪观察6～40个月,均未见种植体松动或上颌窦炎发生,种植体周龈组织健康;X线片检查种植体骨结合良好种植体周围骨高度稳定。患者对修复效果满意。结论:上颌窦底内提升同期不翻瓣微创种植体植入近期临床效果满意,长期效果尚需进一步观察。     

超声内提升骨刀在上颌窦内提升术中的临床应用

目的:评价超声内提升骨刀在上颌窦内提升术中的技术优势。方法:16例上颌后牙缺失患者,上颌窦底剩余牙槽骨骨量为4～7 mm,采用超声内提升骨刀行上颌窦底黏膜内提升术,同期植入种植体30枚,术后6个月上部结构修复。随访18个月。结果:术中无1例上颌窦黏膜破裂,术中、术后患者均无头晕、头痛等不适,术后鼻腔无出血,也无骨粉等异物排出;术后种植体稳固,种植体周围牙龈组织健康,无一脱落,咀嚼功能恢复满意。数字曲面断层片显示种植体周围骨未见低密度影,无上颌窦炎症影像;术后18个月种植体末端骨高度(2.1±1.5)mm,窦底提升(3.6±1.8)mm,种植体边缘骨吸收(1.27±0.56)mm。结论:采用超声内提升骨刀代替骨凿技术行上颌窦底黏膜内提升术,具有高效、快速、患者不适感轻、不损伤窦底黏膜的优点,值得在临床上推广。     

Sinusfloor elevation and grafting with autogenous iliac crest bone.

Insufficient bone height in the posterior area of the maxilla, due to expansion of the maxillary sinus and atrophic reduction of the alveolar process of the maxilla, represents a contra-indication for insertion of dental implants. This anatomic problem can, in many cases, be solved by augmentation of the floor of the maxillary sinus. This surgical technique was introduced by Tatum. The so-called top hinge door method creates a new floor of the maxillary sinus at a more cranial level. Underneath this new floor the existing space is filled with a bone graft. Implantation in the alveolar process with increased bone height allows insertion of dental implants. This sinus grafting technique was used in the present study. In total, 62 sinusfloor elevations were performed with cancellous iliac bone grafts in 42 patients. In those 62 augmented sinuses, 161 ITI screw type implants were inserted. The follow-up was 1-6 years after implantation. In 2 cases infections occurred. One implant needed an extended integration time. No implants were lost. The ITI solid screw implant appears to be a suitable implant following sinusfloor elevation operations, due to its rough surface, its shape and the size of the thread. The sinusfloor elevation procedure with autogenous cancellous bone graft appears to be a valuable and reliable pre-implantological procedure, provided a proper pre-operative investigation and careful surgery are performed. This procedure allows dental implant placement with a high success rate.     

Sinus floor elevation and grafting with autogenous iliac crest bone

Insufficient bone height in the posterior area of the maxilla, due to expansion of the maxillary sinus and atrophic reduction of the alveolar process of the maxilla, represents a contraindication for insertion of dental implants. This anatomic problem can, in many cases, be solved by augmentation of the floor of the maxillary sinus. This surgical technique was introduced by Tatum. The so‐called top hinge door method creates a new floor of the maxillary sinus at a more cranial level. Underneath this new floor the existing space is filled with a bone graft. Implantation in the alveolar process with increased bone height allows insertion of dental implants. This sinus grafting technique was used in the present study. In total, 62 sinusfloor elevations were performed with cancellous iliac bone grafts in 42 patients. In those 62 augmented sinuses, 161 ITT screw type implants were inserted. The follow‐up was 1–6 years after implantation. In 2 cases infections occurred. One implant needed an extended integration time. No implants were lost. The ITI solid screw implant appears to be a suitable implant following sinusfloor elevation operations, due to its rough surface, its shape and the size of the thread. The sinusfloor elevation procedure with autogenous cancellous bone graft appears to be a valuable and reliable pre-implantological procedure, provided a proper pre‐operative investigation and careful surgery are performed. This procedure allows dental implant placement with a high success rate.     

Bone quality after sinus floor augmentation

The problem of insufficient alveolar bone in the edentulous maxilla caused by resorption and pneumatization can be overcome by augmentation of the sinus floor to increase bone volume for the placement of dental implants. The quality of bone which is achieved after sinus floor augmentation is hardly known. This study describes the histologic results obtained three till six months after sinus floor augmentation with autogenous bone from the iliac crest in patients with severe maxillary bone resorption. The bone biopsies taken from the implant sites showed a substantial bone volume with a mature trabecular pattern and active bone growth. It was concluded that with the obtained bone quality, the sinus floor augmentation procedure can be a good treatment modality for the rehabilitation with implants in patients with severe maxillary bone atrophy.     

Implant treatment without bone grafting in severely resorbed edentulous maxillae.

PURPOSE: This article describes the surgical technique for implant treatment in severely resorbed edentulous maxillae without any alveolar reconstruction before or combined with implant placement. PATIENTS AND MATERIAL: Fifteen patients with severely resorbed edentulous maxillae were treated with osseointegrated implants and fixed dental prostheses. All patients were initially considered to be treated with bone grafting because of a lack of sufficient bone volume for conventional treatment. Preoperative radiographic examinations showed that the height of the alveolar crest was on average 7.4 mm at the 4-mm-width level (Classes V to VI). RESULTS: By fenestration of the maxillary sinus and uncovering the nasal floor, the maxillary bone could be visualized and used maximally for installation of implants. By angulation of the implants and permitting two to five uncovered fixture threads on the palatal aspect, implants of optimal length could be installed. Eighty-six implants were placed (four to six implants in every patient). One implant was lost during the observation time (range, 36 to 54 months; mean, 45 months). All patients had stable fixed prostheses at the end of the observation time. CONCLUSION: This cost-effective surgical technique may be considered as an alternative to more resource-demanding techniques such as bone grafting in patients with severely resorbed edentulous maxillae. However, further prospective comparative studies are necessary for full evaluation.     

Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌窦提升牙种植术中的临床应用

目的：评价上颌窦提升，植Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌后牙种植的方法和效果。方法：对11例牙槽骨高度不足的上颌后牙种植进行上颌窦提升，植Bio-Oss骨粉，同期种植7例，延期种植4例。结果：6个月后，X线片显示Bio-Oss骨粉改建形成了新骨，增加了牙槽骨高度，满足了种植要求，7例同期种植可见种植体与Bio-Oss诱导的新骨形成紧密的骨性结合，种植体植入9个月后进行二期修复。结论：Bio-Oss骨粉植入提升上颌窦增加了上颌后牙区的牙槽骨高度，拓展了种植的适应证，免疫除了自体取骨手术，方法简单，值得临床推广。