内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术对胰腺导管腺癌的预测及诊断价值

目的探讨预测胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）鉴别于胰腺其他实性肿瘤病变的因素,评估内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术（EUSFNA） 对PDAC的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2016年5月南方医科大学南方医院消化内窥镜中心因胰腺占位行 EUS-FNA检查的患者的临床资料,排除诊断不明、资料缺失、重复穿刺、囊性占位病变以及良性病变病例,将患者分为PDAC组 与non-PDAC组,比较两组的EUS-FNA穿刺阳性率,统计EUS-FNA对PDAC诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值 和准确率,纳入PDAC组和non-PDAC组患者的人口特征、临床特征、实验室检查和超声内镜成像特征等相关因素进行单因素 和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果纳入75例胰腺实体肿瘤病变中,PDAC占72.0%,non-PDAC占28.0%。EUS-FNA诊 断PDAC的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别是77.8%、100.0%、100.0%、63.6%、84.0%。PDAC组与non- PDAC组的EUS-FNA穿刺阳性率差异无统计学意义（77.8% vs 76.2%,P>0.05）。多因素logistic分析显示腹痛（OR=5.163,95% CI：1.093~24.389,P=0.038）、病灶性状（OR=7.105,95%CI：1.440~35.043,P=0.016）、病灶大小（OR=0.926,95%CI：0.877~0.978, P=0.006）、病灶转移（OR=6.165,95%CI：1.332~28.533,P=0.020）是预测PDAC的独立影响因子。结论腹痛、病灶转移、病灶大 小和病灶性状的超声内镜成像特征可以可靠地预测PDAC,并且EUS-FNA对PDAC的诊断是具有较高的敏感度和特异度。     

Pancreatic metastases from ovarian carcinoma--diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration

Pancreatic metastases are very uncommon and originate most commonly from lung, colon, breast and kidney cancer. Ovarian adenocarcinoma has been reported as a primary site of pancreatic metastasis, but its diagnosis has rarely being reported by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). We report a case of multiple metastases to the pancreas from ovarian carcinoma occurring four years after original resection of the primary tumour. Our patient presented with severe epigastric pain which was initially treated as acute pancreatitis. Further imaging modalities showed multiple large pseudocystic lesions in the pancreatic head and body. Subsequent EUS-FNA confirmed that the lesions were metastatic disease from an advanced ovarian carcinoma. She underwent palliative chemotherapy and the pancreatic lesion showed receding size.     

造影增强超声内镜联合超声内镜引导下细针抽吸术对胰腺占位的诊断价值

目的 探讨造影增强超声内镜(CE-EUS)联合超声内镜引导下细针抽吸术(EUS-FNA)对胰腺占位的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月~2020年12月175例胰腺占位患者的临床资料,以手术、穿刺病理或随访结果为金标准,符合入组要求的患者有132例,其中行增强CT和/或增强MRI检查组有55例,行EUS检查组有40例,行CE-EUS联合EUS-FNA组有37例,比较三种检查方式在诊断胰腺占位中的价值。 结果 55例胰腺占位行增强CT和/或增强MRI检查结果显示良性13例,恶性42例,敏感度79.49%(31/39)、特异度56.25%(9/16)、阳性预测值81.58%(31/38)、阴性预测值52.94%(9/17)、准确率72.73%(40/55);40例胰腺占位行EUS检查显示结果良性13例,恶性27例,敏感度80.00%(24/30)、特异度60.00%(6/10)、阳性预测值85.71%(24/28)、阴性预测值50.00%(6/12)、准确率75.00%(30/40);37例胰腺占位行CE-EUS联合EUS-FNA检查结果显示良性14例,恶性23例,敏感度93.94%(31/33)、特异度75.00%(3/4)、阳性预测值96.87%(31/32)、阴性预测值60.00%(3/5)、准确率91.89%(34/37)。胰腺癌在CE-EUS下主要表现为不均匀的点状或棒状的低增强模式,在CE-EUS引导下选择在低增强区域行FNA,可提高穿刺的阳性率。 结论 CE-EUS联合EUS-FNA可提高胰腺占位诊断的准确率,值得临床推广。     

超声引导下结节性甲状腺肿穿刺活检与病理组织学检查对比分析

目的通过对超声引导下穿刺活检和病理组织学检查与超声诊断结节性甲状腺肿进行对照分析,提高超声诊断结节性甲状腺肿的准确性。方法对49例超声诊断结节性甲状腺肿患者的86个结节行超声引导下细针穿刺,抽取结节组织做病理学检查,将超声诊断与病理检查结果进行比较。结果每个结节抽取组织2～3条,穿刺取材成功率为100%;超声检查结果与组织活检和细胞学病理诊断比较,结节性甲状腺肿病理诊断42例,符合率为85.7%。超声误诊7例,其中病理诊断桥本氏病2例、亚急性甲状腺炎1例、甲状腺乳头状癌2例、甲状腺腺瘤2例,误诊率14.3%。结论超声引导下穿刺病理学结果对结节性甲状腺肿的检查具有很高的诊断价值,准确、可靠、安全、方便,能为临床医生提供可靠的诊断依据。     

胰腺实性-假乳头状肿瘤的内镜超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学特征

目的:探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状肿瘤(solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms,SPN)的内镜超声引导下细针穿刺(endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-FNA)细胞学特征?免疫细胞化学特点及鉴别诊断?方法:对7例EUS-FNA细胞学诊断为SPN并经组织病理学证实病例进行细胞病理学和免疫细胞化学观察,并复习文献?结果:SPN的EUS-FNA结果显示细胞量大都丰富,肿瘤细胞温和?小而一致,细胞呈圆形或形似浆细胞?细胞核圆形或卵圆形,核膜光滑,染色质细颗粒状,分布均匀,核仁不明显?胞浆常较丰富,苍白至粉红色颗粒状,其内可见空泡?肿瘤细胞或散在分布,或形成玫瑰花环(腺泡样)结构,或形成特征性的具有纤维血管轴心的乳头状结构?5例肿瘤行免疫细胞化学染色,结果显示:5例vimentin?progesterone receptor(PR)?β-catenin?CD10?α-1-antitrypsin阳性;4例CD56强阳性,1例局灶弱阳性;3例CD99核旁点状阳性;synaptophysin强弱不等的阳性;2例chromogranin A 弱阳性;2例cytokeratin AE1/AE3散在阳性?结论:胰腺SPN的EUS-FNA细胞形态学特点主要表现为小而一致的肿瘤细胞散在分布或形成具有纤维血管轴心的乳头状结构?鉴别诊断包括胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤?腺泡细胞癌等?免疫细胞化学β-catenin呈核阳性表达,CD10?CD56?vimentin?PR阳性及CD99核旁点状阳性表达可有助于SPN的诊断?     

Hypercalcemic crisis due to a mediastinal parathyroid cyst diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration

Hypercalcemic crisis, generally accepted as serum calcium concentration greater than 3.5 mmol/L,constitues a life-threatening endocrinologic emergency,and is most frequently caused by either primary hyperparathyroidism （PHPT） or malignant diseases.Parathyroid cysts are uncommon lesions, most of that are located in the low part of the neck. By routine neck ultrasound scan investigation in a large series of 6621 patients, only 5 parathyroid cysts were detected, yielding a prevalence of 0.075% in setting of unselected patients.The parathyroid cysts in the mediastinum are much less frequently encountered, with only 106 cases reported in English literature.2,3 Moreover, less than half of these cases presented as functional with elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone, and only 10 cases were associated with hypercalcemic crisis.3 Herein, we present a rare case of mediastinal parathyroid cyst associated with recurrent hypercalcemic crisis, which diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration （FNA）.     

细针穿吸细胞学检查在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用

［ 目的］ 研究细针穿吸细胞学检查在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用．［ 方法］ 对４６０ 例甲状腺结节的细针穿吸细胞学检查结果与病理诊断结果进行了比较分析．［ 结果］ 细针穿吸细胞学检查诊断符合率为９５ ．６ ％ ,不符合者为４ ．４ ％ ．甲状腺恶性病变中细针穿吸细胞学检查的诊断符合率为８２ ％ ,高于目前临床应用的各种甲状腺的检查方法．［ 结论］ 细针穿吸细胞学检查是检查甲状腺结节的有效的方法．     

超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检与经支气管针吸活检对肺与纵隔病变诊断价值的对比研究

目的：比较超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检（endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA）和经支气管针吸活检（transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA）对肺与纵隔病变的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年5月接受EBUS-TBNA或TBNA检查的100例患者（EBUS-TBNA 50例,TBNA 50例）的临床资料,总结穿刺结果和并发症发生率。结果：100例患者共穿刺121个部位,EBUS-TBNA组和TBNA组获得满意标本的比例分别为90.6%和78.9%。两组的诊断准确率分别为90.0%和72.0%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.022）;严重并发症发生率均为0。结论： EBUS-TBNA与TBNA相比敏感性、特异性、诊断准确率更高,且不增加操作相关并发症,对肺与纵隔病变的诊断更有优势。     

超声引导下细针穿刺活检对甲状腺结节诊断效能分析

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声检查方法与超声引导下细针穿刺活检检测甲状腺结节的诊断效能。方法 选取2020年10月至2021年10月于浙江衢化医院经病理检查诊断为单发甲状腺结节的患者96例,所有患者均行彩色多普勒超声检查及超声引导下细针穿刺活检,以手术组织病理学结果为金标准,比较彩色多普勒超声检查及超声引导下细针穿刺活检的诊断效能。结果 彩色多普勒超声检查出良性53例、恶性10例,超声引导下细针穿刺检查出良性65例、恶性18例。细针穿刺活检的准确率、敏感度、特异性分别为86.46%、72.00%、91.55%,显著高于彩色多普勒超声的65.63%、40.00%、74.64%（P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下细针穿刺对于诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的结果更为准确,可作为临床上鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的依据。     

乳腺肿块63例可疑癌的针吸细胞学与病理对照分析

目的 探讨乳腺肿块细针针吸细胞学(FNAC)检查中可疑癌的诊断与临床病理关系。方法 总结1115例乳腺肿块FNAC检查中63例可疑癌的诊断标准及特点。结果 1115例乳腺肿块FNAC检查中，有328例获病理组织学对照，FNAC总正确率96．3％，总误诊率3．7％，假阴性率4．8％，潜在假阳性率1．7％。63例可疑癌占乳腺肿块的5．7％(63／l115)，正确率96．8％(6l／63)，误诊率3．2％(2／63)。结论 FNAC对可疑乳腺癌有较高确诊率。63例可疑癌中大多数为乳腺癌，良性病变少。     

超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检在TI-RADS 4a类甲状腺结节中的应用

目的 研究超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检(ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy, US-FNAB)对甲状腺超声影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)4a类甲状腺结节的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析115位患者130个TI-RADS 4a类甲状腺结节的手术结果,将术前甲状腺结节的超声特征、术前穿刺结果分别与术后病理进行比较。结果 入院手术的行US-FNAB的TI-RADS 4a类甲状腺结节中,细胞学诊断阳性48个,阴性42个;手术后病理,恶性44个,良性46个,细胞学结果和实际结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);US-FNAB细胞学诊断TI-RADS4a类甲状腺结节的灵敏度、特异度及准确率分别为91.67%、90.48%、91.11%。结论 US-FNAB对TI-RADS4a类甲状腺结节有较高的诊断价值,能有效提高术前诊断的准确性。     

细针吸取细胞学和组织学对肝细胞癌的诊断

目的 :通过研究进一步证实细胞学和组织学联合诊断肝细胞癌的价值。　 方法 :运用细胞学和组织学方法观察了 70例临床怀疑肝脏恶性肿瘤患者细针穿刺标本。　 结果 :70例中 ,细胞学肯定肝脏恶性肿瘤 56例 ( 80 % ) ,其中确诊肝细胞癌 36例 ( 64.3% )。 70例组织学诊断中 ,肯定恶性肿瘤 4 4例 ( 63% ) ,其中确诊肝细胞癌 2 9例 ( 66% ) ,转移性腺癌 15例 ( 34 % ) ,二者联合诊断阳性率达 10 0 %。　 结论 :肝细胞癌的细胞学、组织学联合检查 ,既能提高肝细胞癌诊断的阳性率( 10 0 % ) ,又可提高肝肿瘤的准确分型 ,是目前诊断肝脏肿瘤的理想方法之一     

cTBNA与EBUS-TBNA在肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大疾病诊断中的比较

目的探讨传统支气管针吸活检(cTBNA)与超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)对于肺部疾病伴有肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大患者的诊断价值。方法 2012年8月—2014年6月对在我院行CT检查提示肺部伴有肺门和/或纵膈淋巴结病变的患者38例,分别利用cTBNA或EBUS-TBNA检查对肿大的淋巴结行TBNA,对所获得的标本进行相应的细胞学检查。结果 38例病例均经组织病理学诊断后确诊,并经过6个月的随访,其中cTBNA组(n=19)经组织病理明确诊断的包括:1例结核,5例小细胞肺癌,6例腺癌,3例鳞癌,1例大细胞癌,3例慢性炎症,cTBNA细胞学诊断阳性诊断率为63.16%(12/19),cTBNA组细胞学诊断肺癌的敏感度为66.67%(10/15),特异度为100%。EBUS-TBNA组(n=19)组织病理学诊断明确的1例为肺结核,1例为纵隔恶性肿瘤,1例为结节病,1例大细胞癌,1例小细胞癌,7例腺癌,5例鳞癌,2例为慢性炎症,EBUS-TBNA细胞学阳性诊断率为78.94%(15/19)。两种方法在诊断肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大的疾病中有差异(P<0.05)。EBUS-TBNA组细胞学诊断肺癌的敏感度为86.67%(13/15),特异度为100%。结论 EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查对肺部疾病伴有肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大的诊断率较cTBNA高,可明显提高检查阳性率,具有重要临床意义。     

Application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions

Background  Mediastinal lesions are often difficult to diagnose in clinical practice because of the unique anatomical position of the mediastinum, which makes performance of biopsy difficult. The value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node staging has been widely accepted. However, few studies have been conducted on the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions. The current study was conducted to investigate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities.

Methods  We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities for whom endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration examination was performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University People’s Hospital, between September 2009 and December 2010. For patients who could not be diagnosed with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, surgical biopsy or more than 6 months of clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out. 

Results  Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed for 60 patients with isolated mediastinal lesions. Correct diagnosis was made in 48 cases. Nineteen cases were malignant, and 29 were benign. The rate of correct diagnosis was 80%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in distinguishing benign from malignant mediastinal lesions were 95%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The examination was tolerable for all patients. No associated complications were observed. 

Conclusion  Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a safe and effective method of diagnosing mediastinal lesions.

     

超声引导下经支气管针吸活检 在胸部疾病诊断中的意义

目的 探讨超声引导下经支气管针吸活检（EBUS-TBNA）在诊断胸部疾病中的应用价值。 方法 选取2016 年3 月—2019 年3 月在石家庄市第一医院行EBUS-TBNA 检查的患者110 例。所有患者行 EBUS-TBNA 检查前接受CT 或正电子发射型计算机断层扫描显像（PET-CT）进行初步筛查。在彩色多普 勒超声指导下,经活检针（18 G）对110 例纳入对象行穿刺活检,以病理检查结果作为金标准,分析EBUSTBNA 在胸部疾病诊断中的应用价值,计算其相应的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。 分析EBUS-TBNA 与病理诊断的一致性,明确Kappa 值。结果 经CT 或PET-CT 初步筛查,110 例受检者中, 疑似胸部恶性肿瘤81 例（73.64%）,疑似结核病29 例（26.36%）。经手术病理诊断,81 例疑似胸部恶性肿瘤 患者中,75 例（92.59%）确诊为恶性肿瘤;29 例疑似结核病患者中,22 例（75.86%）确诊为结核病。EBUSTBNA 诊断胸部恶性肿瘤与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.749（95% CI ：0.711,0.904）。EBUS-TBNA 诊断结核病与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.731（95% CI ：0.703,0.917）。EBUS-TBNA 诊断恶性瘤纵隔 淋巴结转移与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.604（95% CI ：0.697,0.825）。110 例受检者中,2 例（1.82%） 存在轻微不适,但均对该检查方式耐受。结论 EBUS-TBNA 对胸部恶性肿瘤、结核病及恶性瘤纵隔淋巴结 转移的诊断有较高价值,与手术病理诊断呈高度一致性,且安全性高。     

超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检术对孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大的诊断价值

  目的  评估超声支气管镜引导下经支气管镜针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)对孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大(IMHL)的诊断价值,分析IMHL的病因分布。  方法  收集上海市肺科医院和宁波大学医学院附属医院2018年8月—2019年1月胸部CT显示孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大并至少一次EBUS-TBNA检查的124例患者临床资料,回顾性分析EBUS-TBNA病理学、细胞学和微生物学检查结果,同期进行纵隔镜检查或随访,得到最终结果,分析IMHL的病因分布,并评估EBUS-TBNA的诊断价值。  结果  共穿刺208个淋巴结,平均每例1.68个,124例IMHL患者中118例获得病因诊断结果,诊断率为95.2%。其中结节病43例(占34.7%),淋巴结结核23例(占18.5%),肿瘤21例(占16.9%)。11例为肺恶性肿瘤术后复发,淋巴瘤3例(占2.4%),淋巴结反应性增生28例(占22.7%),6例诊断不明。EBUS-TBNA对肿瘤的诊断率最高,为95.2%,对结核的诊断率为82.6%,对结节病的诊断率为48.8%。EBUS-TBNA对IMHL的总体诊断率为72.6%,特异性为100.0%,阴性预测值为50.0%。  结论  孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大的常见病因是结节病、淋巴结结核和肿瘤,EBUS-TBNA对孤立性纵隔肺门淋巴结肿大的病因诊断是一种敏感性高且安全的初步检查方法。      

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, reliable and cost-effective method in the diagnosis of lung lesions. Cells are collected from the lesions usually under fluoroscopic or CT-guidance for cytological examination. Due to lack of these highly sophisticated radiologic imaging techniques in our institute we performed this test under X-Ray film guidance. This study was carried out in 59 patients, who underwent FNAC of lung lesions in the department of Pathology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh to find out the specimen adequacy and frequency of both benign and malignant lesions of the lungs in our areas. Out of 59 cases 54 were males and 5 were females with age ranged from 20 to 82 years. Adequate samples were obtained in 50 (84.75%) cases of which 35 (70%) were malignant, 10 (20%) were benign and 5 (10%) were suspicious for malignancy. Malignant lesions comprised of squamous cell carcinoma in 20 (57.14%), adenocarcinoma in 1(2.86%), large cell carcinoma in 8 (22.86%) and small cell carcinoma in 6 (17.14%) cases. All the benign lesions were inflammatory in nature, which included abscess in 6 (60%), tuberculosis in 3 (30%) and chronic non-specific inflammation in 1 (10%) case. Majority of the malignant lung lesions were encountered in the 6th decade of life. As the method is simple, rapid, cost-effective and without major complications, so it can be practiced in any centres in our country where specialised radiologists and pathologists are available.