膀胱全切后改良肠道原位新膀胱下尿路功能性重建(附15例疗效分析)

背景与目的：膀胱全切后患者的生活质量受尿流改道方式影响,可控性或非可控性尿流改道后患者不能自主排尿、生活质量差;而肠道原位新膀胱术后患者可自主排尿,生活质量改善,但有排空不良和控尿不全等问题。本文报告改良肠道原位新膀胱术在膀胱全切后下尿路功能性重建中的经验。方法：对15例局部浸润性膀胱癌患者在根治性膀胱切除后利用改良肠道原位新膀胱术（回肠新膀胱3例,乙状结肠新膀胱12例）做下尿路功能性重建。术后随访3-30个月（其中9例随访超过16个月）,对这些患者术后新膀胱功能、控尿和排尿功能、性功能、上尿路形态和功能、血电解质和生活质量进行评价。结果：全部患者自主排尿,无需导尿。13例患者昼夜完全控尿;1例患者白天控尿良好,夜间有少量漏尿;另1例女性患者有中度张力性尿失禁。膀胱容量240-640ml,残余尿量0-250ml。全部患者总肾功能正常,14例血电解质正常;慢性代谢性酸中毒和输尿管扩张各1例。9例男性患者保留性功能。13例患者恢复工作。全部患者对新膀胱功能满意。结论：改良肠道原位新膀胱术后下尿路的控尿和排尿功能良好,是目前根治性膀胱切除后理想的下尿路重建方法。     

保留部分前列腺包膜在全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术中的应用

目的：探讨传统全膀胱根治术及改良保留部分前列腺包膜全膀胱切除术对浸润性膀胱癌的疗效.方法：收集2000年1月～2006年1月膀胱癌行根治性全膀胱切除术45例,男性,平均年龄59岁,26例行传统全膀胱切除术,19例行改良保留部分前列腺包膜全膀胱切除术,随访观察手术效果及生活质量.结果：术后病理报告T2aN0M026例,T2BN0M0 16例,T3aN0M0 3例.平均随访39个月,改良组无瘤生存19例,传统纽无瘤生存23例,带瘤生存1例,死亡2例.改良组及传统组白天控尿率分别为100%和73%,夜间尿失禁10%和50%.改良组术后81%保留勃起功能,传统组仅14.3%.全部患者储尿囊容量350～480 ml,充盈压13～25 cmH2O,残余尿量10～60 ml.结论：对有选择的病例行保留部分前列腺包膜的全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术可以更好地保留勃起和控尿功能.     

全膀胱切除和原位新膀胱术治疗女性浸润性胱膀癌患者(附8例报告)

背景与目的全膀胱切除和原位新膀胱广泛用于治疗男性浸润性膀胱癌,效果良好,但用于女性浸润性膀胱癌的经验很少。本研究的目的是探讨女性全膀胱切除和乙状结肠原位新膀胱的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2003年10月中山大学肿瘤防治中心应用全膀胱切除和乙状结肠原位新膀胱术治疗的8例女性浸润性膀胱癌的临床资料。结果手术均获成功。随访6～24个月(平均18个月),6例无瘤生存,2例分别于术后6个月和12个月出现盆腔复发。全部患者均能自主排尿。4例昼夜完全控尿,另4例白天完全控尿,夜间有少许漏尿。1例术后3个月发现肾输尿管轻度积水,观察3个月后自然消退。血电解质和肾功能均正常。结论女性膀胱癌患者行全膀胱切除和乙状结肠原位新膀胱术后,肿瘤控制及新膀胱功能良好,但夜间控尿能力较差。     

原位回肠膀胱对上尿路功能影响的回顾性分析

目的:探讨原位回肠膀胱对上尿路功能的影响。方法:评估2006年3月至2011年6月陕西省核工业二一五医院泌尿外科收治的34例肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌行膀胱全切W形原位回肠代膀胱患者的上尿路功能,所有病例随访时间5年以上,均无复发及转移。评估项目包括肌酐测定、泌尿系B超测定膀胱残余尿量及肾积水量、膀胱造影明确有无尿液返流。结果:术后2年,膀胱造影5例（14.7%）患者出现反流致轻度肾积水,与术前比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.110,P>0.05）,术后5年,膀胱造影6例（17.6%）患者出现反流致轻度肾积水,与术前比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.531,P>0.05）;术前血肌酐（77.32±13.78） mmol/L,术后2年血肌酐（78.50±12.37） mmol/L（t=-1.93,P>0.05）;术后5年血肌酐（82.15±22.49） mmol/L（t=-2.36,P>0.05）,无统计学差异,且均在正常范围。术后2年膀胱容量（413±19） ml,残余尿量（57.3±36.1） ml,术后5年膀胱容量（423±17） ml,残余尿量（53.3±33.7） ml,残余尿量差异无统计学意义（t=-0.29,P>0.05）。结论:原位W型回肠膀胱可作为膀胱全切术后理想的代膀胱术式,对上尿路功能影响较轻。     

原位回盲肠新膀胱术的初步研究

目的:探讨逆行全膀胱切除术后原位回盲肠新膀胱术的手术方式、近期疗效和尿流动力学特点。方法:回顾性分析2018年11月至2019年8月我科收治并行原位回盲肠新膀胱术膀胱癌患者4例,所有患者先行腹膜外逆行根治性全膀胱切除,截取回盲肠构建新膀胱,再将新膀胱与尿道吻合重建尿流通道。术后定期复查尿动力、肾功能、彩超等检查。结果:本组患者随访6~16个月,术后初期患者均有不同程度溢尿现象,3个月后逐步恢复并能良好控尿。1例术后出现尿道吻合口轻度狭窄并输尿管返流。新膀胱最大储尿容量(401.7±53.0)ml,储尿期膀胱内压(19.0±5.7)cmH2O,尿道闭合压(53.6±9.4)cmH2O,储尿期膀胱内压明显小于尿道闭合压,最大尿流率(18.7±1.5)ml/s,平均残余尿量(21.3±4.4)ml。结论:全膀胱切除术后原位回盲肠新膀胱术具有储尿囊容量大、压力低、可控性好、操作简单的优点,是一种较理想的尿流改道方式。     

改良全膀胱切除和原位新膀胱术重建下尿路功能

背景与目的:全膀胱切除原位新膀胱术是治疗浸润性膀胱癌最有效的手段.但由于手术繁杂、时间长、出血和并发症较多,以及相当一部分患者控尿不佳等缺点,我们对全膀胱切除和原位新膀胱术进行了反复改良,获得了比较满意的效果,本文报告我们的经验.方法:采用改良的全膀胱切除和原位新膀胱术治疗119例临床诊断为浸润性膀胱癌的患者.男性109例,女性10例.年龄33～78岁,平均55岁.统计手术时间、术中出血和输血量,对新膀胱功能、并发症、肿瘤控制和生存情况进行随访分析.结果:对全膀胱切除和原位新膀胱术一共进行了八处改良.从2000年1月至2007年2月用改良术治疗119例,无围手术期死亡.手术时间150～330 min,平均245 min.输血39例(32.8%).术后病理分期浅表性膀胱癌(T1N0M0) 9例,浸润性110例(其中T2N0M0 102例、T3aN0M0 3例、T3aN1M0 2例、T3bN1M0 2例,、T4N1M0 1 例).随访6～72个月,平均45个月,108例生存,10例因肿瘤死亡,1例非肿瘤原因死亡.术后白天控尿良好113例(95%),夜间控尿良好97例(81.5%).主要并发症有切口裂开5例,二次缝合后治愈;输尿管新膀胱吻合口漏1例,经再次手术作输尿管再植治愈;肠梗阻3例需住院处理.输尿管末端粘连引起肾积水8例,经内镜下切断粘连后积水消退.无肠瘘和新膀胱尿道吻合口瘘或狭窄,无膀胱输尿管返流.结论:全膀胱切除后采用改良原位新膀胱术重建下尿路功能,手术时间短、出血少和并发症少,新膀胱控尿和排尿满意,是目前全膀胱切除后最理想的下尿路重建方式.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的远期预后

目的探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的远期预后疗效。方法选取2012年2月至2013年2月间甘肃省人民医院收治的行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗的63例膀胱癌患者,对其生存状况及肿瘤复发情况进行跟踪随访。结果 63例膀胱癌患者平均手术时间为388.4 min,术中平均出血量为680.5 ml,肠道功能恢复时间平均为3.28 d,住院时间平均为16.8 d,盆腔淋巴结清扫个数平均为10枚,未出现尿漏及肠瘘等围手术期并发症。最初30 d内患者尿流控制较差,30~90 d内患者尿流控制得到明显改善。术后平均膀胱容量为385.2 ml,平均膀胱内压为13.2 cm H_2O,平均尿流率为11.8 ml/s,平均残余尿量为18.5 ml,平均功能性尿道长度为3.2 cm。同时保留勃起神经对男性性功能保护良好。中位随访时间为27个月,3年总体生存率和无复发生存率分别为73.0%和69.4%。不同病理分期、是否器官局限性及有无淋巴结的总体生存率和无复发生存率之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌,具有恢复快、术后并发症少、术后较好的控尿功能等特点,同时有效保留男性性功能,生存预后较好。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2010年2月至2015年11月于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术的32例浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料,对手术方法(腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术)、围手术期资料、新膀胱功能、术后并发症以及肿瘤控制情况等进行分析.结果:成功随访32例,随访时间12 ～ 53个月,平均随访27个月,均为男性;所有患者手术均由同一术者顺利完成,手术时间310 ～530 min,平均370 min;术中出血300～ 850 ml,平均485 ml;术后3～5天肠道开始恢复功能;淋巴结清扫数目8～31个,平均16个;手术切缘均无阳性结果;术后12个月与6个月相比较,最大尿流率(15.2±1.3vs11.4±1.2 ml,P＜0.01)、最大膀胱容量(372.8±52.2 vs 247.9±60.3 ml,P＜0.01)、残余尿量(23.8 ±9.6 vs 39.6±11.7 ml,P＜0.01)、最大膀胱充盈压(33.7 ±5.7 vs 25.1±6.8 cmH2O,P＜O.01)、最大膀胱排尿压(63.7±15.9 vs62.9±17.6 cmH2O,P＞0.05)、膀胱顺应性(26.2±12.6 vs 25.7±13.3 cmH2O,P＞0.05)以及昼/夜控尿率(91％/81％ vs 84％/72％).术后近期并发症发生率为18.8％(6/32),远期并发症发生率为25.0％(8/32);随访期间,肿瘤局部复发率和远处转移率分别为6.3％ (2/32)和12.5％(4/32).结论:腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术是安全可行的,具有术后控尿效果好、满意的新膀胱功能和肿瘤控制效果等优点,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的优先选择.     

子宫内膜癌腹腔镜切除术对患者膀胱功能及排尿功能的影响分析

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌患者腹腔镜下子宫切除术对患者膀胱功能、排尿功能的影响.方法 选取接受子宫切除手术的110例患者进行回顾性研究,根据手术方法 不同将患者分为开腹组(n=58)、腹腔镜组(n=52),开腹组患者采用传统开腹手术治疗,腹腔镜组患者采用腹腔镜手术治疗,对比两组患者手术后的膀胱功能及排尿功能.结果 术后1周,腹腔镜组患者的尿频及尿不尽、排尿等待的发生率分别为5.77%、7.69%,均低于开腹组的18.97%、24.14%(P﹤0.05);术后1个月,腹腔镜组患者的尿频及尿不尽、排尿等待的发生率分别为1.92%、1.92%,均低于开腹组的12.07%、12.07%(P﹤0.05);术后1个月,腹腔镜组患者的残余尿量、膀胱壁厚度均低于开腹组(P﹤0.05),最大尿流率、平均尿流率、最大逼尿肌压力、膀胱顺应性、排尿量测定值均大于开腹组(P﹤0.05).结论 与传统开放手术相比,子宫内膜癌患者腹腔镜下子宫切除术对患者膀胱功能、排尿功能影响更小,泌尿系统并发症的发生率较低.     

Current indications and results of orthotopic ileal neobladder for bladder cancer

During the past three decades, the reconstructive aspects of urologic surgery emerged and became a major component of our surgical specialty, and the most relevant developments have been observed in the field of urinary diversions. Health-related quality of life and self esteem have been improved following orthotopic bladder substitutions, which are actually the preferred method for continent urinary diversion. Patients with neobladders have enhanced cosmesis and the potential for normal voiding function with no abdominal stoma. Patient’s selection for orthotopic neobladder formation is mandatory as most of the surgical complications or consequences associated with a neobladder are correlated not only with surgical technique or management after surgery, but also with wrong patient’s selection. The principles of intestinal detubularization and reconfiguration to obtain spherical reservoir are the basis of continent urinary diversions and ileum seems to be preferable over any other segment. Nowadays, ileal neobladder is a widely adopted solution after cystectomy with a neobladder rate of 9–19% for population-based data with an increase to 39.1–74% for high-volume centers. However, controversies still exist in this urological field about the best candidates for neobladder construction, the best type of neobladder to offer, whether or not an antireflux uretero intestinal anastomosis should be used, the future of minimally invasive approaches, that is, robotic assisted cystectomy plus extracorporeal or intracorporeal neobladder, and last but very important, the functional results and the level of symptoms-induced distress and quality of life in the long term in patients with bladder cancer receiving an orthotopic bladder substitution. All these issues are discussed on the basis of the most recent published data.     

Quality of life following urinary diversion: Orthotopic ileal neobladder versus ileal conduit. A multicentre study among long-term,female bladder cancer survivors

IntroductionWomen undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) followed by urinary diversion (UD) for bladder cancer experience a substantial reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). At present, studies comparing long-term QOL outcomes for different UD methods, needed to inform evidence-based choices of bladder reconstruction for female patients, are sparse. Our objective was to compare two common UD methods in terms of their HRQOL outcomes in women.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analysed HRQOL in 73 consecutive female bladder cancer patients having undergone orthotopic ileal neobladder (IONB, N = 24) or ileal conduit (IC, N = 49) following RC between 2007 and 2013 in six Italian academic urological centres. Patients had no evidence of tumour recurrence and were actively followed up. Validated Italian versions of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) generic (QLQ-C30) and bladder-cancer-specific (QLQ-BLM30) questionnaires were used to evaluate HRQOL.ResultsPatients in the IONB group were significantly younger than those in the IC group (median age: 67 and 73 years, respectively, p = 0.02). Barring that, the two groups did not present statistically significant differences in median length of follow-up (43 vs 54 months), pathological stage, grading of the neoplasm, or adjuvant chemo - or radiotherapy. No significant differences in QOL were found between the groups, with the exception of financial difficulties, affecting IONB patients significantly more than IC patients (mean score on a scale of 0–100: 33.3 ± 29.5 vs 18.4 ± 19.3, respectively; p = 0.05).ConclusionFinancial difficulties was the only HRQOL item to differ between the two UD groups.     

咀嚼口香糖对根治性膀胱全切+回肠膀胱术后患者胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨咀嚼口香糖对回肠膀胱术后患者胃肠功能恢复的影响.方法:2014年2月至2015年2月我科对146例恶性膀胱肿瘤患者均实施了根治性膀胱全切+回肠膀胱术,将146例患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各73例.对照组采用常规的床上活动的护理方法来促进胃肠功能恢复,实验组在采用床上活动的护理常规的基础上,在患者手术完毕回到病房后6小时后开始咀嚼口香糖,每天早、中、晚3次,每次2片,每次时间15分钟,直到肛门排气.观察两组患者术后首次排气时间以及术后发生腹胀的情况.结果:两组患者术后排气时间差异比较有统计学意义(Z=-4.633,P＜0.001),实验组患者术后排气时间短于对照组.结论:咀嚼口香糖有助于根治性全膀胱切除+回肠膀胱术后患者胃肠功能的恢复.咀嚼口香糖是一种价廉、方便的促进肠道蠕动、恢复肠道功能的方法,可作为术后辅助回肠膀胱术患者康复的护理措施.     

Conservation of bladder function in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated by definitive irradiation and selective cystectomy

Four hundred seventy patients with invasive bladder cancer treated by definitive irradiation (5000 rad or more) and selective cystectomy were followed to assess their survival status and bladder function status. (90 % were followed for at least 10 years or to death.) The survival rates for these patients were similar to those obtained in studies of preoperative irradiation with compulsory cystectomy: 5 and 10 year survival rates were 38 and 22% respectively. Sixty-five to 70% of these survivors lived with healthy, functioning bladders to at least 10 years after treatment. Seventy-five patients had a selective cystectomy, usually for recurrent disease, with an operative mortality rate of 11 %. Pre-irradiation catheterization, used to control bladder distension and to reduce the possibility of geographic miss in irradiating the tumour, had no effect on the control of local disease or on the long-term survival of patients. Therefore, definitive irradiation with selective cystectomy warrants serious consideration in treating patients with invasive bladder cancer, especially considering the quality of life and the high proportion of patients who retain functioning bladders.     

Minimally invasive vs open radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveMinimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches to radical cystectomy (RC) develop well in the past decades. We performed the present study to compare the perioperative outcomes, pathological outcomes, and oncologic outcomes between MIS approaches and open radical cystectomy (ORC) for bladder cancer.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive study search up to March 2019, searching the online database Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library.ResultsA total of 8 randomized controlled trials comprising 805 patients were included. We observed that MIS approaches were significantly associated with lower estimated blood loss (WMD = −343.21; 95%CI -431.34 to −255.08; P < 0.001), shorter length of stay (WMD = −0.76; 95%CI -1.28 to −0.24; P = 0.004), shorter time to flatus and diet (WMD = −0.46; 95%CI -0.64 to −0.27; P < 0.001; WMD = −0.92; 95%CI -1.58 to −0.28; P = 0.005; respectively), longer operation time (WMD = 61.38; 95%CI 34.89 to 87.88; P < 0.001), fewer 30-day overall complication (OR = 0.36; 95%CI 0.17 to 0.75; P = 0.007). And we did not detect significant difference in terms of 30-day (P = 0.278) and 90-day major complication (P = 0.899), positive surgical margins (P = 0.986), lymph node yield (P = 0.711), OS (P = 0.473), CSS (P = 0.778), RFS (P = 0.880), PFS (P = 0.324) between MIS approaches and ORC.ConclusionIn the present studies, we demonstrated that MIS approaches improved perioperative outcomes and had similar pathological and oncological outcomes compared with ORC. Stratified by type of MIS approaches, the results are similar. In conclusion, MIS approaches could serve as an alternative choice in patients with bladder cancer. However, long-term clinical outcomes highlight the need for future studies.     

保留一侧或两侧盆腔神经的广泛性子宫切除术治疗宫颈癌的可行性及其术后膀胱和肠功能恢复的评价

目的 初步探讨保留一侧或两侧盆腔神经的广泛性子官切除术的可行性和对术后膀胱直肠功能恢复的评估.方法 选择2008年8月至2009年10月浙江省肿瘤医院妇瘤科收治的61例Ⅰb1～Ⅱa期子宫颈癌患者,其中28例行保留盆腔神经的子宫广泛性切除术(NSRH),33例行传统的子宫广泛性切除术(RH).NSRH组中,有10例患者行保留一侧盆腔神经手术(UNSRH),18例患者行保留两侧盆腔神经手术(BNSRH).分别监测NSRH和RH的手术时间、手术出血量及术后并发症,观察手术对膀胱和直肠功能恢复的影响.结果 NSRH组的手术时间、手术出血量、术后住院时间和残余尿量分别为(224.5±40.0)min、(464.3±144.0)ml、(8.4±2.0)d和(64.8±16.9)ml,RH组分别为(176.4±30.0)min、(374.2±138.7)ml、(9.2±1.8)d和(70.6±16.0)ml,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).UNSRH组的手术时间、手术出血量、术后住院时间和残余尿量分别为(208.5±28.5)min、(440.0±104.9)ml、(9.1±1.8)d、(68.3±12.5)ml,BNSRH组分别为(233.3±43.1)min、(477.8±162.9)ml、(8.7±2.1)d和(62.8±20.0)ml,两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).NSRH组术后留置膀胱造痿管时间为(12.4±5.2)d,RH组为(22.4±9.7)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).BNSRH组术后留置膀胱造瘘管时间为(9.1±2.0)d,UNSRH组为(18.2±3.6)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后3周,NSRH组的排尿和排便满意度分别为100%和75.0%,RH组分别为54.5%和24.2%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 保留一侧或两侧盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术对治疗早期宫颈癌是安全可行的,此手术方式能有效地改善术后膀胱功能及直肠功能恢复.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility of unilateral or bilateral nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy and evaluate the recovery of bladder and bowel function postoperatively.Methods From August 2008 to October 2009, sixty-one patients with cervical cancer stage Ⅰ b1 to Ⅱ a underwent radical hysterectomy ( 33 cases) and nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy ( 28 cases).Unilateral nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was performed in 10 patients, and bilateral nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (BNS) was performed in 18 patients.The data of operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay days, residual urine volume, and postoperative complications were collected.The postoperative recovery of bladder and bowel function was evaluated.Results There were no significant differences between nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) and radical hysterectomy ( RH ) groups in operation time [NSRH:( 224.5±40.0 )min,RH:(176.4 ±30.0 min)], blood loss [NSRH:(464.3±144.0) mi,RH:(374.2±138.7) ml],postoperative hospital stay days [NSRH:(8.4 ± 2.0 ) d, RH:(9.2 ± 1.8 ) d, and residual urine volume [NSRH:(64.8 ± 16.9) mi, RH:(70.6 ± 16.0) ml].There were also no significant differences betweenUNSRH and BNSRH groups in operation time [UNSRH:(208.5±28.5 ) min, BNSRH:(233.3±43.1 )min], blood loss [UNSRH:(440.0±104.9) ml, BNSRH:( 477.8±62.90) ml], postoperative hospital stay days [UNSRH:9.1±1.8) d, BNSRH:(8.7±2.1d], and the residual urine volume [UNSRH:(68.3±12.5) ml, BNSRH:(62.8±20.0) ml].There was a significant difference in the time of the Foley catheter removal between NSRH [( 12.4±5.2) d] and RH [(22.4 ± 9.7 ) d] groups.There was a significant difference in the time of the Foley catheter removal between UNSRH [( 18.2±3.6) d] and BNSRH [(9.1±2.0)d] groups.During the postoperative 3 weeks follow-up, the patients in the NSRH group had a higher rate of satisfaction at urination and defecation ( 100%, 75% ) than the RH group (54.5%,24.2% ).Conclusion UNSRH and BNSRH are safe and feasible techniques for early stage cervical cancer, and may significantly improve the recovery of bladder and rectal function.     

Various types of total laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomies and their effects on bladder function

Objective

This study was conducted to ascertain the correlation between preserved pelvic nerve networks and bladder function after laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2011, 53 patients underwent total laparoscopic radical hysterectomies. They were categorized into groups A, B, and C based on the status of preserved pelvic nerve networks: complete preservation of the pelvic nerve plexus (group A, 27 cases); partial preservation (group B, 13 cases); and complete sacrifice (group C, 13 cases). To evaluate bladder function, urodynamic studies were conducted preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Results

No significant difference in sensory function was found between groups A and B. However, the sensory function of group C was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Group A had significantly better motor function than groups B and C. No significant difference in motor function was found between groups B and C. Results showed that the sensory nerve is distributed predominantly at the dorsal half of the pelvic nerve networks, but the motor nerve is predominantly distributed at the ventral half.

Conclusion

Various types of total laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomies can be tailored to patients with cervical carcinomas.     

硬膜外阻滞联合全身麻醉对老年肺癌根治术患者认知功能及细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外阻滞联合全身麻醉对老年肺癌根治术患者认知功能及细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 采用查随机数字表法将40例老年肺癌根治术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组20例。观察组采用硬膜外阻滞联合全身麻醉,对照组采用静脉全身麻醉。用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）双抗体夹心法测定CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺细胞和NK细胞水平,简易智力状态检查表（MMES）评估认知功能,VAS评分法及Ramsay镇静评分法评估疼痛和镇静状况,并观察两组患者手术时间、术后恢复自主呼吸时间、苏醒时间以及拔管时间。结果 观察组患者手术时间、术后恢复自主呼吸时间、苏醒时间以及拔管时间均优于对照组（P＜0.05）,但两组患者术后6 h、12 h VAS疼痛评分和Ramsay镇静评分差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组患者术后1 d CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、NK细胞水平均低于术前（P＜0.05）;CD8⁺细胞水平高于术前（P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后1 d 和7 d CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、NK细胞水平均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但CD8⁺细胞水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后7 d两组患者CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、NK细胞水平明显高于术后1 d（P＜0.05）,CD8⁺细胞水平明显低于术后1 d（P＜0.05）;观察组术后7 d CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、NK细胞水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）,CD8⁺细胞水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组患者MMES评分均显著低于术前（P＜0.05）,但观察组评分高于对照组;术后认知功能障碍发生率亦低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 硬膜外阻滞联合全身麻醉对老年肺癌根治术后认知功能影响较小,同时可促进细胞免疫功能恢复。