螺旋CT对脾脏结核的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT对脾脏结核的诊断价值。方法对9例经手术病理证实或抗结核治愈的脾脏结核CT表现进行回顾性分析,并结合相关文献进行讨论。结果 9例中,6例表现为脾脏内单发或多发大小不等的结节状、斑点状低密度影,边界清或不清,增强扫描病灶内部无强化,7例伴有其他脏器结核,5例伴有腹膜后及肝、脾门区淋巴结肿大或钙化,增强扫描淋巴结呈环状强化或轻度均匀强化,2例肝脾内见多发钙化灶。结论脾脏结核多是全身结核的一部分。脾脏内单发或多发无强化病灶及钙化是脾脏结核的主要CT征象,但不具有特异性。而淋巴结结核的CT表现具有一定的特征性,因此发现脾外结核的证据对脾脏结核的诊断有较大的帮助,螺旋CT为发现脾脏结核较好的检查方法。     

脾脏结核的CT诊断

目的 探讨脾脏结核的CT表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理所证实或经抗结核治疗取得明显疗效而确诊的10例脾结核的CT表现.结果 (1)粟粒型脾结核4例,CT表现为脾脏弥漫性肿大,伴有多发粟粒状低密度灶,增强扫描病灶无明显强化;(2)结节型脾结核4例,CT表现为脾内单发或多发结节状低密度灶或混杂密度结节灶,病灶常伴有粉末状或斑点状钙化,增强后边缘轻度强化;(3)脓肿型脾结核2例,CT表现为多个干酪性结节灶相互融合,液化坏死形成较大的囊性病变,边缘轻度强化,周围可伴有卫星灶.其中6例肝门、胰周及腹膜后淋巴结肿大,部分有融合,增强呈典型环状强化.结论 各种类型脾结核CT表现具有一定特征性,CT对脾结核的正确诊断具有重要价值.     

脾结核的CT诊断

目的 探讨脾结核的ＣＴ表现和诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的１２例脾结核的ＣＴ表现。结果 １２例中１０例表现为脾脏多发性大小不等的结节状低密度灶,１例为单发类圆形低密度影,边缘不清,增强扫描病灶内部无强化;１例为散在小点状钙化壮。８例伴后腹膜、脾门区等淋巴结肿大,７例伴其他脏器结核。结论 脾脏多发大小不等的结节状、低密度、无强化病灶是脾结核的主要征象,ＣＴ能对脾结核作出较准确的判断。     

胰腺结核的CT表现

目的 探讨胰腺结核的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法 8例胰腺结核中,6例经手术病理证实,2例经穿刺活检证实,CT常规平扫加增强扫描。结果 多发结节型 胰腺结核1例,表现为肿大的胰腺内布满结节状低密度灶,仅结节灶边缘轻度强化。局灶 腺结核7例,均累及胰头部。局部软组织肿块4例,其中2例伴有多发斑点状钙化灶,1例呈蜂窝状强化;囊性肿块2例,其中1例囊壁有多发斑点状钙化灶,另1例为多房囊性病灶。胰头部团块状钙化灶1例。8例胰腺结核中4例有腹内胰外表现,包括腹内淋巴结结核、结核性腹膜炎,以及肝、脾结核。结论 胰腺结核CT表现呈多样化,但有一定特征性,伴有多发斑点状钙化灶或呈蜂窝状强化的胰腺肿块,可提示胰腺结核的诊断;与胰腺结核共存的腹内结核特别是特征性淋巴结结核有助于该病的诊断。     

睾丸结核的CT诊断

目的： 探讨睾丸结核的CT诊断.材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实或经抗结核治疗治愈而确诊的15例睾丸结核的CT表现.结果：15例平扫睾丸不同程度增大,实质与包膜分界不清,阴囊隔与病侧睾丸融合,睾丸实质密度不均;12例可见多发结节状或斑点状低等混杂密度影,边界尚清或不清;2例可见斑点状钙化灶;1例为结核性睾丸脓肿.增强扫描睾丸呈不均匀强化,低密度灶和钙化不强化,3例呈环状强化,2例呈多环状强化.14例伴有其他脏器结核.结论：睾丸肿大,实质内多发结节状或斑点状低密度灶,增强后不强化或环状强化,睾丸实质与包膜分界不清,阴囊隔与病侧睾丸融合,睾丸内斑点状钙化灶是睾丸结核的CT表现特征.     

肝结核的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨肝结核的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的12例肝结核的CT和MRI表现。结果 （1）12例 CT表现：肝浆膜型1例,为肝包膜下多发结节性病灶。肝实质型10例,其中多发粟粒小结节状低密度灶伴点状钙化2例,单发略低密度大结了伴斑点状钙化及聚集多个结节样病灶形成“成簇征”或融合成窝状改变各3例,多发囊样病变及发粟粒状钙化伴单发大结节低密度灶各1例。肝内胆管型1例,肝内胆管明显扩张及肝门部多发斑点状钙化灶。（2）4例MRI表现：T1WI、T2WI低信号灶1例,T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号灶3例,增强后为轻度边缘强化或呈多环状强化。结论 各种类型肝结核均有其特定的影像学表现,典型的CT、MRI表现可提示该病的诊断。     

CT在胰腺结核诊断中的价值

目的：探讨胰腺结核的CT征象及其诊断价值。资料与方法：回顾性分析14例胰腺结核的CT表现及临床资料。结果：胰腺结核表现为3型：（1）局灶型：9例，多位于胰头，表现为低密度肿块伴有周边或蜂房状强化；（2）多结节型：4例，胰腺内多发低密度病变，无强化或轻度强化，胰头病变明显，呈蜂房状强化；（3）弥漫型：1例，表现为胰腺弥漫性肿大，边缘模糊。胰腺结核常伴有胰外结核。胰周淋巴结肿大9例，7例增强，呈花环状或环形强化；肝脏受累3例，脾脏受累4例，表现为肝、脾实质内低密度无强化病灶；胆管梗阻、结核性腹膜炎各3例。结论：胰腺结核CT表现多样，包括胰腺局灶性低密度肿块、多发低密度结节或弥漫性胰腺肿大，但最常见的表现是胰腺内局灶性蜂房状强化的肿块。低密度的胰周和门静脉周围淋巴结肿大伴周边环形强化以及其他播散结核灶是支持胰腺结核诊断的重要辅助征象。     

肝结核的螺旋CT动态增强扫描表现及诊断价值

目的 探讨各型肝结核的螺旋CT动态增强扫描表现及其诊断价值. 资料与方法 18例肝结核患者行螺旋CT平扫和动态增强扫描,均经手术病理或穿刺活检证实.结果 (1)浆膜型1例:肝包膜呈梭形增厚低密度影,增强扫描病灶内有分隔样强化,邻近肝实质动脉期明显强化.(2)粟粒型8例(病灶最大径<2.0 cm):表现为肝内散在多发(6例)或单发(2例)粟粒小结节状低密度灶,增强扫描动脉期和静脉期病灶边缘轻度强化.(3)结核瘤型7例(病灶最大径≥2.0 cm):表现为单发或多发较大结节或肿块,4例病灶内有斑点状钙化,1例结核性肝脓肿有环形钙化,增强扫描动脉期病灶边缘轻度强化,周围肝组织明显强化,静脉期病灶边缘明显环形强化或病灶内蜂窝状强化.(4)胆管炎型1例:表现为肝门部肝内胆管扩张,增强扫描胆管壁强化,合并有腹膜后和肠系膜根部肿大淋巴结环形强化.(5)混合型1例:表现为肝包膜及邻近肝组织内低密度灶,同时具有浆膜型和结核瘤型的CT表现.结论 将肝结核分为浆膜型、粟粒型、结核瘤型、胆管炎型和混合型5种类型较合理.螺旋CT动态增强扫描能显示肝结核的一些特征性表现,如病灶"边缘强化征"、"蜂窝征"等,有助于该病的定性诊断.     

浆膜型肝结核的CT表现

目的:探讨浆膜型肝结核的CT表现及诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的8例浆膜型肝结核CT表现,所有病例均行CT平扫及增强检查.结果:本组浆膜型肝结核8例中,6例单发,2例多发,共10个病灶.CT表现为肝包膜区梭形或多发结节性低密度灶,增强扫描后病灶呈环形强化8个,蜂窝状或多环状强化2个;10个病灶中明显强化3个,轻至中度强化7个;病灶边缘或中央见点状或条状钙化3个.累及邻近肝实质2例;伴有少量腹水及后腹膜淋巴结轻度肿大1例.结论:浆膜型肝结核的CT表现有一定的特征,当病灶内发现斑点状或条状钙化或病灶呈多环状强化时结合临床表现及实验室检查可作出提示性诊断.     

脾脏淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨脾淋巴瘤的CT表现及CT诊断价值,以提高对其诊断能力。方法回顾性分析临床病理证实并经CT检查的淋巴瘤15例,并作文献复习。结果根据病理类型,15例脾淋巴瘤中,巨块型5例,均为脾内单发类圆形边缘不规则巨块性病灶;多发结节型8例,多发类圆形或分叶状、边界清晰的结节性病灶,绝大多数病灶密度均匀,增强后呈轻度均匀或边缘强化,少数结节灶密度不均;弥漫粟粒型2例,CT表现为脾弥漫性肿大,密度减低,其中1例伴有粟粒小结节状低密度灶。9例伴有脾外淋巴瘤。结论脾淋巴瘤的CT表现有一定特征性,腹内脾外病变CT表现有助于诊断。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.