静脉注射地尔硫对心功能的影响

目的评价静注地尔硫对心功能的影响，了解其临床安全性。方法１２３例病人分为两组：Ⅰ组室上性快速心律失常９０例，Ⅱ组不稳定心绞痛３３例。分别静脉注射地尔硫０３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１（Ⅰ组）和０２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１（Ⅱ组）。分别在给药前，后进行心电图、血压监测及观察临床表现。并对Ⅰ组３０例，Ⅱ组６例，心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级患者采用ＳｗａｎＧａｎｚ漂浮导管监测，给药前及给药后３０、１２０分钟血流动力学变化。结果两组给药后心室率下降最大效应时间为１５分钟。Ⅰ组临床心悸等症状缓解时间平均为１５分钟，Ⅱ组心绞痛缓解平均为２０分钟。心室率平均下降幅度：Ⅰ组为３４次／分（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅱ组为２６次／分（Ｐ＜０．０５）。血流动力学：除Ⅰ组心输出量平均增加０５６Ｌ／ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０．０５）外，其它参数指标Ｐ值均＞０．０５，无统计学意义。结论静注地尔硫０２～０．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·５ｍｉｎ－１，能快速有效地控制心房颤动心室率，室上性快速心律失常及不稳定心绞痛，且不会引起或加重心功能障碍。     

~(131)I抗AFP抗体-MMC双弹头导向治疗肝癌31例

目的观察化疗兼内照射的新型双弹头免疫导向治疗肝癌的疗效．方法以马抗人ＡＦＰ多克隆抗体（抗ＡＦＰＡｂ）和大鼠抗人ＡＦＰ单克隆抗体（抗ＡＦＰＭｃＡｂ）为载体，核素１３１Ｉ和丝裂霉素（ＭＭＣ）为双弹头，采用改良氯胺Ｔ法制备１３１Ｉ抗ＡＦＰＭｃＡｂＭＭＣ（双弹头１）和１３１Ｉ抗ＡＦＰＡｂＭＭＣ（双弹头２），静脉滴注，每月１次，治疗不能切除中晚肝癌３１例（治疗组）．治疗１，２，３次分别占４，１７和１０例，放射剂量（ＭＢｑ／例）均值依次为１９３５１±３７７４，６５１９±２３２４和９９２０±２３０５．结果治后肿瘤缩小率、血清ＡＦＰ下降率和１，２年生存率分别高于同期经动脉插管灌注（ＴＡＩ）或化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ）的对照组（５００％，１５／３０比３００％，９／３０Ｐ＜００５；６６７％，１８／２７比２８０％，７／２５Ｐ＜００１和５００％比３３０％，３４０％比３３％Ｐ＜００１），治疗组病例的进展率（１００％）明显低于对照组（４００％，Ｐ＜００１）．结论双弹头疗效提高，由于抗体、核素１３１Ｉ和抗癌药的协同作用而增强了对癌细胞的杀伤力所致．     

胃癌及消化性溃疡患者胃窦粘膜胃肠激素的变化

目的探讨胃癌及消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）患者胃窦粘膜胃肠激素变化的意义．方法内镜及活检确诊的浅表性胃炎（ＣＳＧ）１０例，胃溃疡（ＧＵ）１５例，十二指肠溃疡（ＤＵ）１２例，胃癌（ＧＣ）６例．胃镜下取胃窦粘膜，用ＲＩＡ法测定胃泌素（Ｇａｓ）、生长抑素（ＳＳ）、Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）的含量，各组间进行比较．结果胃窦粘膜ＳＳ含量在ＧＵ，ＤＵ，ＣＳＧ，ＧＣ组分别为２５１ｐｇ／ｍｇ±１９４ｐｇ／ｍｇ（以下同），４７０±１７９，５３２±２１１及１２９３±５２３。其中ＧＵ组低于其余各组（Ｐ＜００５），而ＧＣ时则显著升高（Ｐ＜００１）．ＳＰ含量在ＤＵ组显著降低，与ＧＵ，ＣＳＧ，ＧＣ比较分别为４７９±１５７ｖｓ７６５±４１５，７８９±３９０及８０１±３４６，Ｐ＜００５；ＧＣ患者Ｇａｓ水平显著高于ＣＳＧ组，为４６４５±２９４４，ｖｓ２７６８±１５７２，Ｐ＜００１．结论胃粘膜中Ｇａｓ，ＳＳ，ＳＰ含量的变化可能在ＰＵ及胃癌的发病机理中起重要作用．     

曲美他嗪对猪心脏再灌注性心律失常的治疗作用

为研究曲美他嗪（ｔｒｉｍｅｔａｚｉｄｉｎｅ）对猪心脏再灌注性心律失常的治疗作用，我们采用两组在体猪心脏（对照组ｎ＝９，用药组ｎ＝１０）左冠状动脉前降支（ＬＤＡＣＡ）完全阻断１０分钟，再灌５分钟，重复３次。结果显示：对照组心室纤颤（ＶＦ）发生率三次分别为８９％、６７％、３０％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＶＦ潜伏期分别为１４．５±１．４ｓ、１１９．８±１３．８ｓ、４８±１２．５ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。用药组ＶＦ发生率三次分别为４０％、３０％、３０％、（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＶＦ潜伏期分别为１５．２±６．４ｓ，１２６．５±１８．６ｓ，９７±２３．４ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。曲美他嗪对猪心脏再灌性ＶＦ有一定的减少作用。     

血清层粘蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原鉴别良恶性肝肿瘤的价值

目的研究血清层粘蛋白（ＬＮ）和Ⅳ型胶原（ＣⅣ）在良恶性肝肿瘤鉴别中的价值．方法肝恶性肿瘤患者４６例，良性肝占位患者３１例，其他恶性肿瘤患者３８例和健康献血员４０例．采用放射免疫法分别测定空腹血清ＬＮ和ＣⅣ．用ＳＮ６９５型智能放射测量仪进行测量．结果肝恶性肿瘤组血清ＬＮ水平（２４７μｇ／Ｌ±９２μｇ／Ｌ）显著高于正常对照组（９５μｇ／Ｌ±２１μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１）与良性肝肿瘤组（１０６μｇ／Ｌ±５１μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１）；肝恶性肿瘤组血清ＣⅣ水平（４１２μｇ／Ｌ±６４μｇ／Ｌ）显著高于良性肝占位组（９０μｇ／Ｌ±２０μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１）、其他恶性肿瘤组（９９μｇ／Ｌ±３７μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１）和正常对照组（８４μｇ／Ｌ±１７μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１）．血清ＬＮ和ＣⅣ对良恶性肝肿瘤鉴别诊断的准确率分别为８１８％和８９６％．对肝癌的敏感性分别为８６９％和９１３％．结论血清ＬＮ和ＣⅣ对良恶性肝肿瘤的鉴别诊断具有一定价值     

人老化红细胞膜磷脂含量及蛋白激酶C活性的测定

测定了老化红细胞膜各磷脂占总磷脂的百分含量及胞浆与膜的蛋白激酶Ｃ的活性，并与年轻红细胞相比较。结果表明：老化红细胞膜上除磷脂酯胆碱的百分含量（１４．０％±２．２％）明显低于年轻红细胞（２０．０％±３．０％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）外，其它磷脂成分的百分含量未见有统计学差异；老化红细胞胞浆中蛋白激酶Ｃ活性（１８１．８±３．０ｐｍｏｌＰｉ／ｍｇ蛋白·分）明显低于年轻红细胞（２５７．８±２９．８ｐｍｏｌＰｉ／ｍｇ蛋白·分），而膜上蛋白激酶Ｃ的活性（２８６．３±１１．３ｐｍｏｌＰｉ／ｍｇ蛋白·分）则明显高于年轻红细胞（２５６．２±１７．５ｐｍｏｌＰｉ／ｍｇ蛋白·分）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

乙醇对小鼠胃粘膜的损伤机制

目的研究乙醇对小鼠胃粘膜损伤机制．方法ＮＳ，７５％及９５％乙醇给小鼠灌胃制备急性胃粘膜损伤，按Ｇｕｔｈ法评估粘膜损伤指数，Ｌａｃｙ法进行损害程度分级．并在透射电镜下观察胃粘膜超微结构改变．硫代巴比妥酸ＴＢＡ法测定小鼠胃粘膜内丙二醛ＭＤＡ含量，原子吸收分光光度法测定粘膜内钙浓度，荧光法测定细胞膜流动性．结果乙醇损伤组粘膜损伤指数及损伤程度明显高于生理盐水组，与乙醇浓度呈正相关；９５％乙醇灌胃３０ｍｉｎ后粘膜内ＭＤＡ，Ｃａ２＋浓度为（１６９±０１３）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇｐｒｏ，（６３４±０４０）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ，而对照组为（１２０±０１５）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇｐｒｏ，（５４４±０４１）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ（Ｐ＜００１），且两者浓度与损伤时间呈正相关；７５％乙醇灌胃３０ｍｉｎ及１ｈ后荧光偏振度分别为０２２±００２，０２３±００４，显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１），但两处理组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）．结论乙醇引起胃粘膜损伤可能与细胞内钙超载、氧自由基产生过多而引起细胞膜流动性下降有关．     

柳氮磺胺吡啶对大鼠乙酸性溃疡性结肠炎肠组织中氧自由基的影响

目的探讨柳氮磺胺吡啶（ＳＡＳＰ）治疗大鼠乙酸性溃疡性结肠炎（ＵＣ）时清除氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）的特性．方法ＳＡＳＰ灌胃治疗大鼠乙酸性ＵＣ后，检测肠组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，评价其炎症指数，并与生理盐水（ＮＳ）治疗对照组比较．结果ＳＡＳＰ组和ＮＳ组ＳＯＤ含量（Ｕ／ｇ）分别为７９９８±３４４１和６３６４±２４５５．ＳＡＳＰ组和ＮＳ组ＭＤＡ含量（ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ）分别为２１５６±２０８、３５２４±４４８．ＮＳ组和ＳＡＳＰ组炎症指数分别为１６５±５１９、６３０±１２５．ＳＡＳＰ组ＳＯＤ含量显著高于ＮＳ组（７９９８±３４４１对６３６４±２４５５，Ｐ＜００１），ＳＡＳＰ组ＭＤＡ含量明显低于ＮＳ组（２１５６±２０８对３５２４±４４８，Ｐ＜００１）．ＮＳ组炎症指数明显高于ＳＡＳＰ组（１６５±５１９对６３０±１２５，Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＳＡＳＰ为氧自由基清除剂，是治疗溃疡性结肠炎的主要机理之一．     

美托洛尔注射液与西地兰控制快速心房颤动的疗效比较

目的观察静脉用美托洛尔与毛花甙C（西地兰）控制快速心房颤动（房颤）心室率的疗效和安全性。方法将70例快速房颤患者随机分为两组,美托洛尔组36例,稀释后缓慢静脉注射美托洛尔5mg,观察5分钟,如无效重复1次,连续用药3次,总量15mg;西地兰组34例,稀释后缓慢静脉注射西地兰0．4mg,观察10分钟,如无效追加0．2mg,连续用药3次,总量0．8mg。记录用药前后心室率和血压变化,比较在各观察时间点上的有效率。结果平均起效时间美托洛尔组[（10．1±7．6）分钟]较西地兰组[（40．8±12．4）分钟]明显缩短,心室率下降幅度美托洛尔组（36．5％）较西地兰组（26．3％）明显增大,在60分钟内各观察时间点的治疗有效率美托洛尔组（47％、69％、83％、91％）明显高于西地兰组（9％、15％、35％、59％）,均无严重不良反应发生。结论美托洛尔注射液较西地兰控制快速房颤心室率更快速、有效、安全。     

丹参对实验性肝硬变犬门脉高压的影响

研究丹参注射液对门脉高压血流动力学的影响．方法用胆总管结扎法制作犬门脉高压模型．分别测定用药前后门脉高压犬血流动力学变化．结果丹参静脉给药后３０ｍｉｎ，肝硬变犬门静脉压（Ｐｐｖ，２５６ｋＰａ±０３０ｋＰａ→１９８ｋＰａ±０３３ｋＰａ）、嵌塞肝静脉压（ＷＨＶＰ，２１７ｋＰａ±０３６ｋＰａ→１８４ｋＰａ±０３１ｋＰａ）、肝静脉压力梯度（ＨＶＰＧ，０９３ｋＰａ±０３３ｋＰａ→０６６ｋＰａ±０４３ｋＰａ）显著下降（Ｐ＜００５～００１），给药后６０ｍｉｎ，上述指标降至最低点（各为１８２ｋＰａ±０３３ｋＰａ，１７０ｋＰａ±０３０ｋＰａ，０６０ｋＰａ±０４３ｋＰａ），但对平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）、下腔静脉压（ＩＣＶＰ）和正常犬血流动力学无显著影响（Ｐ＞００５）．结论丹参为一疗效确切而无副作用的降门脉压药物．     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.