舒肝胃炎方治疗肝胃不和型慢性萎缩性胃炎临床疗效观察

目的：观察舒肝胃炎方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的临床疗效。方法将98例CAG患者随机分为治疗组(50例)和对照组(48例),治疗组予舒肝胃炎方治疗,对照组予胃复春治疗,疗程12 w。观察两组临床症状和病理组织的变化情况。结果治疗组的中医症候和西医病理总有效率分别为92.0%和90.0%,均高于对照组的70.8%和70.8%(<0.05)。结论舒肝胃炎方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎可明显改善临床症状,减轻其胃黏膜炎症、腺体萎缩等变化。     

物理震动排石临床疗效分析

目的分析物理震动排石治疗尿路结石的疗效。方法对2014年2月至2014年7月在我院采用物理震动排石单独治疗或联合外科手术处理肾结石、输尿管结石患者进行回顾性分析,评价及总结疗效。结果 80例患者排石次数1~4次,术后1个月输尿管上段结石排出率33.3%,结石排净率22.2%;术后1个月输尿管下段结石排出率16.7%,结石排净率50.0%;术后1个月肾上盏结石排出率40.0%,结石排净率23.3%;术后1个月肾中盏结石排出率27.7%,结石排净率38.8%;术后1个月肾下盏结石排出率60.0%,结石排净率20.0%。物理震动排石联合软镜钬激光碎石术术后1个月结石排出率52.1%,结石排净率39.1%。7例结石合并肾绞痛患者予物理震动排石后疼痛症状明显缓解。结论物理震动排石作为无创治疗结石的手段之一,对输尿管下段结石、软镜术后排石有较好的效果,同时体外物理震动排石能缓解结石引起的疼痛。     

体外冲击波碎石的护理

目的：观察护理干预在低能量体外冲击波(ESWL)碎石术治疗泌尿系结石中的效果。方法行ES-WL碎石术治疗泌尿系结石患者90例随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。术后对照组仅给予常规护理,观察组实施护理干预措施。观察两组排石时间,腹痛缓解、血尿消失和尿路感染控制时间及临床疗效。结果观察组排石时间,腹痛缓解、血尿消失和尿路感染控制时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。观察组总有效率为91.1%,高于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论护理干预可提高ESWL碎石术后排石效果,并可有效缓解症状。     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗嵌顿输尿管结石临床分析

目的：观察输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗嵌顿性输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法分析我科2012年01月~2014年4月122例输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管嵌顿性结石患者(观察组)的临床资料,与体外冲击波碎石治疗的109例患者(对照组)进行手术时间、疗效及不良反应发生率的比较。结果结石直径>1.0 cm的患者中,观察组平均手术时间(34.5±3.6)min,术后3个月结石排净总有效率为92.9%;对照组平均手术时间(56.7±5.7)min,术后3个月结石排净总有效率为68.8%,两组差异有统计学意义;结石直径≤1.0 cm的患者中,观察组平均手术时间(22.3±2.3)min,对照组平均手术时间(40.8±4.3)min,差异有统计学意义,术后3个月结石排净总有效率观察组为90.2%,对照组为89.6,两组无显著差异。结论输尿管镜钬激光碎石疗效显著,并发症少,对于直径P>1.0 cm的输尿管结石应推广使用。     

补阳还五汤联合高压氧治疗脑外伤后综合征的疗效观察

研究补阳还五汤联合高压氧治疗脑外伤后综合征的疗效,进一步分析联合治疗对TCD中椎-基底动脉血流速度改善机理。方法 选取我院收治的脑外伤后综合征患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。两组患者均给予常规治疗,对照组使用高压氧治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上结合补阳还五汤治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后中医症候总积分变化、TCD测量数据以及临床疗效。结果 治疗后,患者中医证候总积分均得到改善,治疗组中医证候总积分为（10.62±4.56）分,低于对照组的（30.36±6.63）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者Vpeak和Vedv均较治疗前提高,治疗组Vpeak和Vedv大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组患者治疗总有效率为96.27%,高于对照组的80.57%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 补阳还五汤联合高压氧治疗能够明显提高TCD椎-基底动脉收缩和舒张血流速度,可明显改善脑外伤后综合征瘀阻清窍证患者临床症状。     

中西医结合治疗泌尿系结石的疗效观察

<正>目的:泌尿系结石是一种常见病、多发病,近年来发病率呈上升趋势,临床上单纯西药治疗,疗效有限,排石率不高。在西药基础上加用中药排石颗粒,并配合中医辨证取肾俞、复溜、阴陵泉、膀胱俞、三阴交等穴位针刺,观察中西医结合治疗泌尿系结石的疗效。方法:泌尿系结石患者127例,随机分成两组,对照组,65例,给予注射用头孢替唑钠或左氧氟沙星、间苯三酚静脉滴注,双氯酚酸钠栓塞肛;治疗组,62例,在对照组用药的基础上应用排石颗粒(成分:连钱草、盐车前子、木通、徐长卿、石韦、忍冬藤、滑石、瞿麦、炯麻子、干草)     

机械排痰联合氧气雾化吸入治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎的疗效观察

目的观察机械排痰联合氧气雾化吸入治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法将107例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为治疗组（54例）及对照组（53例）,两组均采用常规综合治疗,治疗组予盐酸氨溴索氧气雾化吸入及机械震动排痰治疗,对照组予盐酸氨溴索氧气雾化吸入及手工排痰,对两组患儿治疗后血气分析、呼吸急促恢复、嗽喘缓解、肺部啰音消失、住院治疗时间以及不良反应等方面进行对比观察,并对两组疗效进行比较。结果血气分析、症状体征恢复正常时间、平均每日吸痰次数及总有效率等方面两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组显效43例（79.6%）、有效9例（16.7%）、无效2例（3.7%）,对照组分别为32例（60.4%）、14例（26.4%）、7例（13.2%）;治疗组总有效率为96.3%,对照组为86.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论与人工排痰相比,氧气雾化吸入盐酸氨溴索及机械排痰治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎疗效更佳,且未见不良反应,值得临床推广使用。     

通淋固本汤联合体外冲击波治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效

目的 探讨通淋固本汤联合体外冲击波治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法 选取2017年1月~2018年12月我院收治的输尿管上段结石患者40例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组20例。对照组给予体外冲击波治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合通淋固本汤治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后生化指标[血肌酐（Scr）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（Cys-C）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）]及结石清除率。结果 观察组总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的65.00%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组Scr低于治疗前,Cys-C、NGAL高于治疗前,且观察组Scr、Cys-C、NGAL优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组结石清除率为95.00%,高于对照组的65.00%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 通淋固本汤联合体外冲击波治疗输尿管上段结石可有效提高结石清除率,减低肾损伤,提高临床治疗效果。     

中药内服、熏洗治疗肛周湿疹35例疗效观察

目的：观察中药内服、外用治疗肛周湿疹的临床疗效。方法将65例患者随机分为两组,对照组给予派瑞松乳膏外用治疗,治疗组采用中医辨证论治的方法,予中药内服及局部熏洗,治疗2w为1疗程,观察两组疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为91.4%,对照组有效率为76.7%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论中药内服、熏洗治疗肛周湿疹具有良好的疗效。     

消肿汤治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效

目的 观察消肿汤治疗膝骨性关节炎临床疗效。方法 选择2018年5月~2019年5月在我院诊治的膝骨性关节炎患者76例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各38例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合消肿汤治疗,比较两组临床治疗总有效率、临床症状（疼痛、肿胀、僵硬）评分、膝关节功能评分、Lequesne总积分。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为94.73%,高于对照组的81.57%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组临床症状评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者膝关节功能评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组患者Lequesne总积分均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 消肿汤治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效确切,有助于缓解临床症状,促进膝关节功能的恢复,是临床治疗膝骨性关节炎的有效方法。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.