部分脾栓塞术治疗脾机能亢进症（附23例报告）

目的：探讨部分脾栓塞术治疗脾机能亢进症的方法及临床应用价值。方法:对23例脾机能亢进症患者,采用Seldinger穿刺技术,将导管选择或超选择插入脾动脉,注入明胶海绵－抗生素－造影剂混悬物,栓塞部分脾脏供血动脉。结果：23例经部分脾栓塞术治疗后,外周血象3个月内恢复正常或基本正常,脾脏显著缩小,保留了人体免疫功能。结论：部分脾栓塞术避免了手术切脾脏,保存脾脏部分功能,维持人体免疫机制。本法具有手术简便、安全、创伤小、疗效显著等优点,且可重复治疗,是一种可替代外科脾切除术的治疗方法。     

部分脾动脉栓塞治疗创伤性脾破裂

目的 探讨部分脾动脉栓塞(PSE)治疗创伤性脾破裂的效果。方法 采用Seldinger技术,经股动脉插管至脾动脉行数字减影血管造影术(DSA),显示出血动脉,然后超选择插管至该动脉,经导管注入明胶海绵颗粒以栓塞出血动脉。于麦氏点局麻下经皮穿刺置入“猪尾巴”引流管引流腹腔积血,无污染、无溶血的积血可以回输。术后3、6个月分别作B超、CT、^99mTc检查监测脾脏形态、密度、血供情况,测定血小板及血中：IgM、IgG、G3水平。结果 本组35例创伤性脾破裂,经PSE后止血效果确切,脾脏形态、功能正常,无严重并发症。结论 有选择性地对创伤性脾破裂行PSE,其止血可靠、创伤小、疗效好。     

外伤性脾破裂的介入性治疗

目的：探讨外伤性脾破裂采用介入性治疗的临床疗效。方法：33例Ⅲ级以下外伤性脾破裂患者，采用Seldinger法经脾动脉行明胶海绵颗粒部分性栓塞止血。右下腹麦氏点经皮穿刺放置导管引流腹腔积液。结果：部分性脾栓塞术(PSE)对33例脾破裂患者一次性止血栓塞成功，引流通畅，技术成功率100％，有效率97％。17例行腹腔积血回输，全部病例治愈出院。结论：外伤性脾破裂患者经PSE及腹腔引流术治疗疗效确切，创伤小，并发症少，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

脾动脉栓塞在急诊外伤性脾破裂治疗中的应用价值

目的 评价脾动脉栓塞在急诊外伤性脾破裂治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用Seldinger技术经皮穿刺股动脉,经脾动脉造影,根据脾脏受损程度行脾动脉栓塞治疗急诊外伤性脾破裂101例.结果 术后患者均有左上腹轻度胀痛,左侧胸腔积液56例,腹膜后血肿5例,脾脓肿1例,胰腺炎1例,左下肺膨胀不全1例.96例急诊外伤性脾破裂止血效果...     

介入微创治疗巨脾-脾亢新技术的实验研究

目的 应用在球囊导管阻断脾动脉主干下作脾动脉分支"铸型式"栓塞术,观察健康长白猪脾脏栓塞后影像学、病理学、血象、生化及免疫功能的变化,评估该方法的安全性及效果.方法 对实验组进行了在球囊导管阻断脾动脉主干下经微导管用α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)作脾动脉铸型栓塞术.对照组,行常规经导管选择性脾动脉栓塞术,栓塞材料为PVA颗粒和明胶海绵碎粒.栓塞后观察两组动物栓塞脾脏影像学、病理学及实验组动物生化、血象、免疫功能的变化.结果 ①实验动物组,在球囊导管阻断脾动脉主干30 min后、脾动脉铸型栓塞术后4周复查脾脏CT平扫显示脾脏体积均较栓塞前明显缩小(P＜0.05);血管造影显示,术后脾动脉主干完全闭塞,未见侧支循环建立.②病理检查:与实验组相比,对照组术后组织淤血性、出血性坏死更明显;栓塞4周后脾脏铸型栓塞处明显萎缩.③实验室检查:实验组栓塞前后血常规、生化、免疫球蛋白无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 ①在球囊阻断脾动脉主干下,用微型导管和组织胶-碘油乳剂栓塞脾动脉具有血管铸型效果,栓塞后脾脏明显萎缩,栓塞效果确实.②与常规经导管栓塞脾动脉术相比,新栓塞技术术后反应较轻.③铸型栓塞术后可以避免因侧支循环的建立而影响治疗效果.     

部分脾动脉栓塞手术前后的护理

经导管血管栓塞术通过部分脾动脉分枝及末稍血管,使脾实质梗死,达到减弱或消除脾对血小板、白细胞的破坏及脾脏自身分泌功能。通过导管对脾的栓塞既起到切脾的效果,又可保留部分脾脏免疫功能。我科25例接受部分脾动脉栓塞术的病人,因我们手术前后的成功护理,无一例死亡及发生严重的合并症。现将主要护理体会报告如下:     

部分脾栓塞术治疗脾功能亢进症的临床应用

目的：观察部分脾栓塞术治疗原发性和继发性脾功能亢进症的临床疗效。方法：采用Seldinger技术，经股动脉插管，运用超选择性脾叶以下动脉栓塞法，部分病例联合低压流控法，用明胶海绵行部分脾动脉栓塞。结果：本组46例部分脾栓塞术后2个月外周血白细胞及血小板数恢复正常或者基本正常，脾脏明显缩小，临床症状改善，未出现严重并发症。结论：部分脾栓塞术是治疗脾功能亢进症的一种简便、微创、安全、有效的方法，可替代外科脾切除，能保持脾脏的免疫功能，具有肯定的临床应用价值。     

肝脾双介入治疗原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进临床应用研究

目的：探讨经肝内动脉热灌注化疗栓塞及部分性脾动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进临床应用。方法：研究组和对照组按肝癌分型随机分组，行肝内动脉热灌注化疗栓塞及部分性脾动脉栓塞治疗，比较两组病例治疗疗效差异。结果：研究组经栓塞后WBC、PLT变化均有显著差异，治疗后生存率均有明显提高。结论：经肝内动脉热灌注化疗栓塞及部分性脾动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进作为一种新的治疗手段已广泛应用于临床。     

外伤性脾破裂脾动脉栓塞的治疗

外伤性脾破裂脾动脉栓塞既保留了脾脏又阻止了脾脏继续出血,临床效果良好。本文介绍最近几年外伤性脾破裂的基础与临床研究。     

脾脏部分栓塞术栓塞方法的探讨

目的：着重探讨脾脏部分栓塞术栓塞方法的实用价值和临床应用价值。材料和方法：选择10例脾脏疾患者,其中脾功能亢进6例、血小板减少性紫癜4例,术中造影后将导管尽可能超选择地进入脾脏中下级的脾段动脉,经导管注入明胶海绵栓塞。结果：10例中6例于手术后24小时、4例于24小时至1周开始血白细胞及血小板计数均明显上升;所有病例术后仅有低热,8例有区轻度隐痛。讨论：脾脏部分栓塞术栓塞方法的使用基本能达到与外科手术后相同的疗效。且发并症少,具有重要的临床使用价值。     

Endovascular treatment of splenic artery aneurysm with splenic preservation

Splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) is the commonest visceral artery aneurysm. Surgical or endovascular treatment of SAA may result in loss of most or all of spleen. We present a case of an aneurysm of superior segmental branch of splenic artery, which was successfully treated by sub-selective embolisation of the feeding arterial branch. The splenic function was preserved and hence precluding pneumococcal vaccines and long-term antibiotics.     

Aspects of splenic surgery

OPSI (overwhelming postsplenectomy infection) after traumatic or accidental splenectomy is a very rare but mostly deleterious complication. Conservation of the spleen is preferable to autologous transplantation into the greater omentum. The results at this moment are not clear and emphasize the need for further research.     

Correlation of splenic function with the splenic uptake rate of Tc-colloids.

The splenic uptake rate of Tc-sulphur colloid or Tc-tin colloid was measured and found to correlate well with splenic function. The normal tracer uptake rate was 0.0002/s-0.0006/s (measured uptake rate divided by measured injected activity). Lower values indicated hyposplenism (sensitivity = 0.97, specificity = 0.95), and values over 0.0006/s indicated hypersplenism (sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.97). Higher values of splenic uptake were associated with proportional reductions in the white blood cell and platelet counts, and to a lesser extent the haemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had increased tracer uptake, but still below the criteria for hypersplenism, whereas patients with Felty's syndrome had tracer uptake rates in the 'hypersplenic' range.     

Ultrasonography of splenic variants

We report seven patients in whom unusual left upper quadrant abdominal masses were found on ultrasonography (US) and subsequently proven to be splenic variants. In five patients, a round discrete mass was present in the left suprarenal area, separate from a spleen which appeared to be normal. A sixth patient had multiple masses in the splenic region and a postsplenectomy seventh patient had a left posterior, para-aortic mass at the level of the renal hilum. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of the mass in four patients. In two, the mass was biopsied. Confirmatory radionuclide liver and spleen scans were performed in six patients. Single-photon emission CT proved to be most specific by demonstrating functioning splenic tissue in the region of the masses. Knowledge of the normal anatomy and embryology of the spleen readily explains the findings in our patients. Splenic variants should be considered in the differential diagnosis of problematic, left upper quadrant masses seen on US.