同种异体骨植骨加支撑钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨同种异体骨植骨加支撑钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的方法及临床疗效。方法对16例复杂胫骨平台骨折患者全部采用同种异体骨植骨,并用支撑钢板稳定固定,术后根据韧带有无损伤早期结合CPM机行膝关节功能锻炼或石膏外固定。结果所有患者术后获10～62个月(平均38.2个月)随访,骨折均获骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均为4.5个月。膝关节功能参照Mechant评分标准,优9例,良5例,可2例,优良率为88%。结论对复杂胫骨平台骨折患者应严格评估软组织损伤程度及围手术期治疗,正确选择手术入路,解剖复位关节面的平整性,对骨折端予以坚强稳定的内固定,坚持生物学固定原则,骨缺损区行足量植骨并压实,有效修复交叉韧带、侧副韧带及半月板的损伤,避免术后胫骨平台发生Ⅱ期塌陷和膝关节机械轴的对线不良。     

Segond骨折合并前交叉韧带损伤的外科治疗

目的 探讨Segond骨折合并前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤的致伤机制、临床特点和外科治疗方法. 方法 选择2008年1月-2010年12月收治的9例Segond 骨折合并ACL损伤的患者,关节镜下均可见ACL断裂及内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL)断裂,1例还合并外侧副韧带(lateral collateral ligament,LCL)断裂、内侧半月板损伤,4例合并内侧半月板撕裂,2例合并外侧半月板撕裂.均行关节镜下异体肌腱移植、ACL重建、内侧副韧带修补术.1例同时行LCL重建术,3例行半月板缝合术,4例行半月板成形术.6例Segond骨折块较大,分别以2枚空心拉力螺钉固定,3例骨折块较小,以1枚空心拉力螺钉固定. 结果 平均随访12个月.Lysholm术后评分平均为59分,疗效均满意. 结论 Segond骨折常伴有ACL损伤,前者对后者有很好的提示作用.在重建ACL的同时,对于Segond骨折块较大者应予复位、固定,对于合并的损伤,也应同期手术治疗.     

胫骨平台骨折手术治疗52例报告

胫骨平台骨折是膝关节常见骨折 ,约占全身骨折的0 3 8% [1] ,严重的损伤常导致胫骨平台压缩塌陷和劈裂 ,影响膝关节的功能 ,晚期创伤性关节炎发病率高 ,治疗困难。我院 1 993年 2月～ 1 999年 4月共收治胫骨平台骨折73例 ,手术 52例 ,经临床随访 1～ 3ａ,疗效满意。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 52例中 ,男 3 8例 ,女 1 4例 ;年龄 2 2～ 58岁 ,平均 3 6岁 ;左侧 1 7例 ,右侧 3 5例。致伤原因 :交通伤4 1例 ,高处坠落伤 5例 ,重物砸伤 6例 ;合并伤 :内侧副韧带损伤 4例 ,内侧半月板损伤 2例 ,外侧半月板损伤 4例 ;骨折。按ＡＯ分型[2 ] :Ｂ1…     

伴后柱损伤的SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折的治疗策略

目的探讨伴有后柱损伤的SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折的治疗策略及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年6月~2013年5月手术治疗的22例伴有后柱损伤的SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折患者的治疗效果。术前常规行三维CT扫描明确骨折类型及移位情况,采用前外侧切口联合后内侧切口、双钢板内固定,其中12例接受自体骨植骨,术后早期行不负重功能锻炼。根据美国纽约特种外科医院(HSS)评分标准进行功能评价。结果 22例均获满意复位,其中19例术后得到10~22个月随访,平均16.6个月,均达到骨性愈合。HSS评分58~92分,平均83.12分,其中优8例,良8例,可2例,差1例;优良率为84%(16/19)。结论前外侧切口联合后内侧切口、双钢板内固定治疗伴有后柱损伤的SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折可有效恢复膝关节的力线及关节面平整,结合早期不负重功能锻炼可获得较好的临床效果。     

合并交叉韧带损伤的胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗

目的总结合并交叉韧带损伤的胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗经验。方法对36例合并交叉韧带损伤的不同类型胫骨平台骨折,采用切开复位、骨栓、松质骨拉力螺钉、克氏针钢丝张力带、支撑钢板内固定等治疗,对复位后的骨缺损行髂骨块植骨填充,最大限度恢复胫骨平台的解剖形态;对合并前和(或)后交叉韧带损伤则给予修补或重建。术后常规抗感染5～12天,早期开始主动功能锻炼,2～3周后持续被动运动关节锻炼(continuous passive motioninstnmaents,CPM)辅助锻炼。结果33例获得随访,随访时间6个月～7年,平均2年5个月。HSS膝关节评分≥85分者达84．8％,≥75分者达93．9％。结论一期修复胫骨平台骨折和交叉韧带损伤,尽可能获得与股骨髁吻合的平整关节面、下肢的正常力线和稳定的关节是恢复膝关节良好功能的基础,早期关节功能锻炼和手术并发症的预防是必要措施之一。     

关节镜辅助下胫骨平台骨折的微创治疗

目的探讨在关节镜辅助下对胫骨平台骨折进行微创治疗的手术方法及近期疗效。方法自2002年2月至2004年3月,共治疗14例胫骨平台骨折,合并前交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折5例,半月板损伤4例;Schatzker分型为Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型3例,Ⅳ型4例,Ⅴ型1例。术前摄片和三维CT重建,术中在关节镜辅助下,首先对合并损伤进行相应处理,然后对骨折进行解剖复位,通过螺钉和克氏针等固定,最后C形臂X线机透视确认,术后坚持早锻炼、晚负重的原则。结果所有患者均在3-4个月骨性愈合,未出现切口愈合不良、感染和骨筋膜间隔综合症等早期并发症,在随访的8-15个月期间未观察到创伤性膝关节炎和膝关节内翻、外翻畸形。根据Ras-mussen评分,13例为优良,1例SchatzkerⅢ型为可,本组评分为26±3。结论在治疗SchatzkerⅠ-Ⅴ型胫骨平台骨折时,采用关节镜辅助下的有限切口结合少量固定的手术,具有创伤小、可同时处理关节腔内的其他损伤等优势,可以获得骨折愈合快、膝关节功能良好的近期疗效,因此值得推广应用。     

关节镜下治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折和半月板根部撕脱骨折的经验分享

目的：描述一例胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折和半月板根部撕脱骨折和内侧副韧带损伤的病例成功治疗,对此类患者手术方式和康复方案提供了一种参考。病例描述：患者男性,35岁,以“跌倒致右膝肿痛、活动受限1天”为主诉来我院就诊。骑电动车摔倒后右膝关节疼痛,活动受限。完善检查诊断：1、右膝胫骨髁间棘骨折;2、右膝前交叉韧带损伤3、右外侧胫骨平台骨折;4、右膝外侧半月板损伤;5、右膝内侧副韧带损伤。行联合关节镜手术治疗。结果：患者3个月骨折愈合,逐渐恢复到正常生活中。结论：我们的联合关节镜技术能够很好的治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折和半月板根部撕脱骨折和内侧副韧带损伤的病人。     

双钢板固定治疗胫骨平台双髁骨折临床疗效分析

采用开放复位、内外侧双钢板螺钉内固定、塌陷处植骨治疗胫骨平台双髁骨折46例,术后进行膝关节功能锻练。平均随访时间26个月,采用Hohl-Luck膝关节功能评分,优良率84.8%,术后膝关节僵硬1例,创伤性关节炎6例,其中包含关节面再塌陷3例。     

关节镜下撬拨复位治疗胫骨平台SchatzkerⅢ型骨折

目的探讨关节镜下撬拨复位经皮螺钉固定治疗胫骨平台SchatzkerⅢ型骨折的临床疗效。方法2007年8月～2009年4月对19例SchatzkerⅢ型胫骨平台骨折行关节镜下撬拨复位经皮螺钉固定术,同时予以充分打压植骨,处理合并损伤。结果术后随访6～24个月,骨折平均愈合时间3个月;采用Rasmussen膝关节功能评分标准分级：优13例,良4例,可2例,优良率89．5％。结论关节镜辅助下撬拨复位经皮螺钉固定治疗胫骨平台SchatzkerⅢ型骨折具有微创、复位精确、早期康复快等优点,可同时处理合并损伤,随访效果满意。     

膝关节损伤的MRI研究

目的 研究膝关节损伤的机制及其MRI表现。方法 搜集从1999年至2003年间经MRI诊断的膝关节损伤患者106例，并复习相关文献。结果 106例患者中有96例半月板损伤，其中Ⅲ度损伤即半月板撕裂共17例。前交叉韧带损伤19例，其中断裂8例；后交叉韧带损伤13例，其中断裂2例；前、后交叉韧带同时损伤7例；内侧副韧带损伤3例，外侧副韧带损伤8例；股骨骨折6例，胫骨平台骨折9例，胫骨髁间嵴骨折3例，髌骨骨折2例，隐性骨折8例，关节内软骨骨折13例。结论 MRI检查可以准确显示膝关节损伤的各种病理改变，对指导手术治疗具有极其重要的临床价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.