电脑验光仪、角膜曲率计、检影验光测量散光的比较

目的:比较电脑验光仪、角膜曲率计和检影验光检查角膜散光三种方法。方法:采用电脑验光仪、角膜曲率、检影验光三种方法对屈光不正患者169例(338眼),进行检查。结果:本组病例中散光度数以3.50D以下为主,顺规性散光125例(250眼),占74.5%。逆规性散光44例(88眼),占25.5%。三者测出散光轴位比较,散光轴位基本相同,其中以电脑验光最准,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。三者测出散光度数比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论:电脑验光、检影验光对散光轴位和度数测量各有优点、验光中相辅相成避免误差,是一种好的工作方法。     

角膜地形图和角膜曲率计测量散光的研究

目的探讨角膜地形图和角膜曲率计对屈光手术前、后角膜散光的应用价值。方法采用计算机辅助的角膜地形图、角膜曲率计及散瞳验光三种测量散光的方法,对屈光不正患者３６０只眼进行检查,同时对准分子激光角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ,ＰＲＫ）后７２只眼和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｅｘｃｉｍｅｒｌａｓｅｒｉｎｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ,ＬＡＳＩＫ）后９５只眼的角膜散光用角膜地形图和角膜曲率计进行测量并比较。结果术前三组测量方法在散光轴位方面差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在散光度数上,角膜地形图△ＳｉｍＫ和角膜曲率计△Ｋ间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）;而散瞳验光组与另两组间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＰＲＫ和ＬＡＳＩＫ术后△ＳｉｍＫ与△Ｋ值间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论角膜曲率计与角膜地形图对术前角膜散光测量具有相似的临床价值,角膜地形图图形与参数△ＳｉｍＫ值有关。但术后角膜地形图△ＳｉｍＫ测量的角膜散光较为准确     

角膜曲率计测量的角膜散光与静态总合眼散光在病理性散光儿童中的对照研究

目的 明确在散光儿童中通过角膜散光预测总合眼散光的可靠性,证实角膜曲率计行儿童子午线弱视初步筛查的可行性.方法 随机抽取1005名(1910只眼)4～8岁的病理性散光儿童,比较用角膜曲率计测定的角膜散光与用阿托品眼膏行睫状肌麻痹后静态检影测定的总合眼散光之间的差异.结果 (1)角膜散光绝对值与总合眼散光的绝对值呈直线正相关关系,相关系数r =0.771 (P＜0.001).(2)按角膜散光度的高低分为5组(组间散光值跨度为1D),组1(散光值为0～0.99D)的角膜散光度均值较总合眼散光度均值低0.27D(P＜0.05),组5(散光值≥4D)的角膜散光度均值较总合眼散光度均值高0.43D(P＜0.05),其它各组的角膜散光度均值与总合眼散光度均值间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 通过角膜曲率计测量的角膜散光度可以预测总合眼散光程度,角膜曲率计用于大面积筛查初步了解儿童的散光状态并对儿童子午线弱视进行初步筛查具有可行性.     

角膜塑形术前后角膜地形图与角膜曲率计一致性研究

目的比较角膜塑形术前后EyeSys角膜地形图系统与角膜曲率计测量角膜屈光力与散光轴向的差异。方法对进行角膜塑形术治疗的321例患者在术前及术后1d、术后1个月分别进行角膜地形图及角膜曲率计的检查,对两种方法所测得的水平子午线角膜屈光力(HK)、垂直子午线屈光力(VK)、角膜散光及轴向进行比较。结果角膜塑形术前、术后1d、术后1个月,角膜地形图仪测量的HK值分别为(43.25±1.16)D、(42.88±1.18)D、(42.79±1.87)D,较角膜曲率计测量的HK值分别高0.20D、0.39D、0.40D,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。角膜地形图仪测量的VK值分别为(44.39±1.33)D、(43.96±1.33)D、(43.02±1.64)D,较角膜曲率计测量的VK值高0.13D、0.32D、0.73D,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。角膜地形图仪测得角膜散光值均较角膜曲率计小,术前、术后1d、术后1个月分别小0.06D、0.10D、0.40D。术后两种方法测量HK、VK、角膜散光及散光轴向之间的差异逐渐增大(P<0.01),并且两种方法的轴向差异朝着逐渐变大的方向分布。但两种方法对顺规及非顺规散光的检出率差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论 EyeSys角膜地形图系统可以更全面及准确地了解角膜塑形术过程中的角膜情况,故临床上应以角膜地形图的结果作为主要依据,角膜曲率计的结果仅可以作为参考。     

显微定量角膜检查镜临床应用的评估

目的通过多家眼科单位对显微定量角膜检查镜（简称角膜镜）的临床试用检验角膜镜检查角膜散光度的准确性和稳定性。方法前瞻性多中心临床试验研究。4家眼科单位分别用角膜镜和角膜曲率计对被检者156例156眼（均取右眼）进行角膜散光测量,其中角膜镜每眼测3次,角膜曲率计每眼测1次,将角膜镜测量均值与角膜曲率计测量值进行比较,采用组内相关系数分析角膜镜3次测量间的稳定性,采用Bland-Altman散点图评价角膜镜与角膜曲率计测量散光度的准确性和一致性。结果角膜镜与角膜曲率计测量角膜散光度均值分别为（-1.96±1.16）D和（-1.84±1.17）D,二者呈高度线性相关（r=0.929,P=0.000）,配对t检验示二者差异有统计学意义（t=-3.020,P=0.003）。角膜镜与角膜曲率计测量角膜散光度差值为（-0.12±0.44）D。角膜镜与角膜曲率计测量角膜散光轴向的中位数均为0°,配对Wilcoxon符号秩检验示差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.775,P=0.076）。单因素方差分析显示角膜镜散光度3次测量间差异无统计学意义（F=0.153,P=0.859）。角膜镜对角膜散光度测量的组内相关系数（ICC）为0.975,对角膜散光轴向测量的ICC为0.988。角膜镜和角膜曲率计测量角膜散光度的一致性范围（差值均数±1.96SD）为（-1.00,0.76）D;将测量范围0～-8D分为0～、-1D～、-2D～、-4～-8D组段,结果显示角膜镜和角膜曲率计对各组段散光度测量的一致性范围均小于或接近于1.0D。结论角膜镜测量角膜散光度具有良好的准确性和稳定性。     

The value of the Terry keratometer in predicting postoperative astigmatism

The Terry keratometer was used immediately before and immediately after cataract surgery. The results were compared with keratometry readings taken before surgery and readings taken on the morning of the first postoperative day. The mean preoperative cylinder in 27 eyes was 1/2 diopter less than that measured prior to the start of surgery. Preoperative readings and readings obtained prior to the start of surgery differed by more than 1 diopter in 37% of eyes. The keratometer readings obtained at the end of the surgery in 63 eyes were flatter than those obtained on the first postoperative day. Forty-four percent of the intraoperative cylinder readings differed from postoperative readings by more than 2 diopters. The factors which can produce errors with the use of this instrument include changes in intraocular pressure, the effect of the lid speculum, rectus suture tension, the alignment of the eye with respect to the keratometer , and user experience.     

白内障双散光轴向切口对不同角膜散光的影响

目的：研究白内障双散光轴向切口对不同角膜散光的影响

方法：白内障患者46例,在Orbscan检测下,按角膜Simk值的转化值Polar K分为A组：20例20眼,Polar K>1.5; B组：26例26眼,Polar K<1.5。所有患者行白内障双散光轴向切口,由同一位手术医师行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术。观察两组患者手术前后角膜散光的变化。

结果：A组术前与术后各观察点Polar K比较,差异均有显著统计学意义,术后1mo比术前减少角膜Polar K 1.3左右。B组术前与术后第2wk的Polar K比较,差异有显著统计学意义。两组之间Polar K在术前及术后第2wk的差异有统计学意义。

结论：双散光轴向切口对于高角膜Polar K患眼有较强的散光矫正作用,但对于低角膜Polar K患眼几乎无矫正作用,但也不增加术后角膜Polar K。     

超声乳化白内障摘除术与小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术的疗效观察

目的:比较分析超声乳化白内障摘除术与小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术的手术方法和疗效。方法:将2009-01/12在我院住院治疗的125例158眼老年性白内障随机分为两组,其中A组80眼行超声乳化白内障摘除术;B组78眼行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术,比较两组手术后1,7d;1,3mo的视力、散光及术中术后的并发症情况。结果:两组在各时间点的视力、散光及术中术后并发症情况上差异均无统计学意义。结论:两种手术方式疗效相近,可根据临床具体情况选择合适术式。     

不同翼状胬肉手术方式对角膜屈光的影响

目的:探讨原发性翼状胬肉不同手术方式对角膜屈光的影响。方法:单侧原发性翼状胬肉43例43眼,随机分为两组,A组行翼状胬肉切除联合自体球结膜移植21例21眼;B组行翼状胬肉切除联合角膜缘干细胞移植22例22眼。两组均行术前及术后2wk的裸眼视力、角膜曲率和角膜散光的检测,进行比较分析。结果:两组术后2wk的裸眼视力、角膜曲率和角膜散光与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组相比,术后2wk的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:翼状胬肉手术可使角膜屈光改变,两种手术均可以提高视力,降低散光。     

微切口白内障超声乳化术的临床研究

目的 探讨微切口白内障超声乳化术的临床疗效.方法 将90例白内障患者随机分为试验组44例(50只跟)和对照组46例(50只跟).试验组使用微切口白内障超声乳化术,对照组使用常规超声乳化术,观察两组术后视力、平均角膜内皮细胞密度、平均角膜散光度、平均手术源性散光度.结果 术后第1天、第7天及第30天的视力≥0.5比例分别是:试验组60%、72%、88%;对照组46%、62%、84%;术后第7天、第30天试验组平均角膜内皮细胞密度明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P均<0.01);平均角膜散光度和平均手术源性散光度术后第7天和第30天对照组均大于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 双手微切口白内障超声乳化吸除术是一种新型的手术方法,具有安全、有效、微创地临床特点.     

手持式自动角膜曲率计测量角膜屈光度的准确性分析

目的探讨手持式自动角膜曲率计测量角膜屈光度的准确性及临床应用。方法采用天津索维SW-100型手持式自动角膜曲率计及日本TOPCON OM-4型手动角膜曲率计分别对门诊60例118眼进行角膜屈光度测量。结果2种角膜曲率计在平均角膜屈光度最大值K1、平均角膜屈光度最小值K2、平均角膜屈光度（K1＋K2）／2及平均角膜散光度K1-K2上无显著差异，但散光轴向上差异有显著性。结论手持式自动角膜曲率计在测量角膜屈光度上与传统手动角膜曲率计无显著差异，可广泛应用于角膜屈光度的测量。     

Astigmatismusorientierte perforierende Keratoplastik Eine Möglichkeit zur Minimierung des postoperativen Astigmatismus?

BACKGROUND: This pilot study examined whether astigmatism of donor corneas can be evaluated postmortem, and whether there is an effect on the astigmatism following keratoplasty. METHODS: The corneoscleral rims of donors were marked after measurement by a hand keratometer in the 12 o'clock position. We examined 38 patients after penetrating keratoplasty and divided them into three groups. The 12 o'clock position of the donor cornea was fixed in the same position as the recipient (group A, n = 12), or the donor corneas were transplanted with the axis in opposition to the axis of the recipient (group B, n = 12) or in the same orientation (group C, n = 14). Development of postoperative astigmatism was compared with controls (group D, n = 40). RESULTS: In group B we found a new orientation of the astigmatism axis within 2-4 months; in group C the axis maintained the original orientation of the recipient. Mean postoperative astigmatism was 3.5 +/- 1.5 dpt in group A, 2.1 +/- 1.3 dpt in group B, 5.8 +/- 1.6 dpt in group C, and 3.4 +/- 1.5 dpt in group D. After suture removal the axis orientation persisted in all groups. CONCLUSION: This study shows the possibility of evaluating corneal astigmatism in donor eyes. The astigmatism of the donor cornea itself directly influences the postoperative axis of astigmatism in recipient eyes. Astigmatism after corneal grafting can be reduced by orienting the donor astigmatism against the axis of the recipient.     

Selective positioning of the donor cornea in penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus: postoperative astigmatism

The final "sutures-out" astigmatism in patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus was evaluated for two groups of patients. Group 1 consisted of patients operated upon using the Troutman surgical keratometer but without giving attention to the orientation of the donor button in the recipient bed. Patients in Group 2 were also operated upon utilizing the surgical keratometer, but the donor button was rotated in the recipient bed until a position of apparent sphericity was indicated by the keratometer before suturing the graft. The mean final astigmatism was 4.42 +/- 1.85 D for Group 1 and 5.13 +/- 3.17 D for Group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. The results indicate that selective positioning of the donor button in an attempt to minimize astigmatism, as determined with a qualitative surgical keratometer, does not lead to a reduction in the final astigmatic error in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus.     

透明角膜小切口白内障手术后角膜散光变化

目的　评价透明角膜小切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术后角膜散光的变化。方法　将62例(78只眼)白内障患者,按照切口位置位于颞上方及鼻上方或角膜曲率最大子午线轴位分为A、B两组,行透明角膜小切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术,比较术后角膜散光的变化情况。结果　A、B两组术后3个月平均手术性角膜散光度分别为（0.83±0.65）D和（0.72±0.55）D,差异无显著性(P>0.05);平均角膜散光度分别较术前减少0.11D和0.39D,两者比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论　以透明角膜小切口行超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术,术后角膜散光度小;结合散光轴位选择切口位置,术后可明显减小角膜散光度。     

角巩膜缘切口与角膜切口超声乳化术治疗年龄相关性白内障的疗效比较

目的：分析角巩膜缘切口与角膜切口超声乳化术对年龄相关性白内障患者术后康复的影响。

方法：选择2015-01/2017-01在我院行超声乳化术的年龄相关性白内障患者98例132眼，按手术切口位置分为角巩膜缘切口组(A组，52例74眼)与角膜切口组(B组，46例58眼)，手术前后不同时间测定两组裸眼视力、BCVA、角膜散光度的变化，统计两组上皮修复时间、切口修复时间，记录治疗前后不同时间患者BUT、泪液分泌量及角膜染色评分的变化，统计两组术后并发症发生率。

结果：两组组内、组间不同时间裸眼视力、BCVA、角膜散光度、手术源性角膜散光度、BUT、泪液分泌量、角膜染色评分均有差异(P<0.05)，A组术后不同时间裸眼视力、BCVA优于B组，角膜散光度与手术源性角膜散光度低于B组，BUT长于B组，泪液分泌量高于B组，角膜染色评分低于B组(均P<0.05)； A组术后上皮修复时间、切口修复时间均短于B组(P<0.05)； 两组术后并发症发生率无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：角巩膜缘切口下超声乳化手术可改善年龄相关性白内障患者术后视力，降低角膜散光度，减少对泪膜功能的影响，促进患者术后康复。     

Which Keratometer is Most Reliable for Correcting Astigmatism with Toric Intraocular Lenses?

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of preoperative keratometers used in cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods

Twenty-five eyes received an AcrySof toric IOL implantation. Four different keratometric methods, a manual keratometer, an IOL master, a Pentacam and an auto keratometer, were performed preoperatively in order to evaluate preexisting corneal astigmatism. Differences between the true residual astigmatism and the anticipated residual astigmatism (keratometric error) were compared at one and three months after surgery by using a separate vector analysis to identify the keratometric method that provided the highest accuracy for astigmatism control.

Results

The mean keratomeric error was 0.52 diopters (0.17-1.17) for the manual keratometer, 0.62 (0-1.31) for the IOL master, 0.69 (0.08-1.92) for the Pentacam, and 0.59 (0.08-0.94) for the auto keratometer. The manual keratometer was the most accurate, although there was no significant difference between the keratometers (p > 0.05). All of the keratometers achieved an average keratometric error of less than one diopter.

Conclusions

Manual keratometry was the most accurate of the four methods evaluated, although the other techniques were equally satisfactory in determining corneal astigmatism.     

Astigmatismus nach transskleraler Hinterkammerlinsenimplantation bei Kleinkindern

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative astigmatism after trans-scleral fixation of intraocular lenses in children and to develop a strategy for amblyopia prophylaxis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In eight eyes with lentectomy, posterior chamber intraocular lenses were fixed in the ciliary sulcus by trans-scleral sutures. The postoperative astigmatism was measured by retinoscopy every 1 to 2 weeks in the first 2 months, followed by monthly intervals thereafter. Keratometry was performed with an automated hand keratometer. RESULTS: Postoperative astigmatism was 2.5 to 8.0 D. The astigmatism regressed to 0.75 D in half the eyes within 4 weeks and in five of the eyes within 16 weeks. In one of the eight eyes, the astigmatism decreased to 2.0 D and in two it remained unchanged. The astigmatism did not change any more after 16 weeks postoperatively. Visual acuity was 0.016 to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the postoperative astigmatism regresses soon and does not seriously interfere with amblyopia therapy. If greater than 2 D, half of the astigmatism should be corrected with glasses, even in the early postoperative period. After 16 weeks, full correction is recommended.     

三种不同仪器测量角膜曲率的对比观察

目的 :通过角膜曲率计 ,电脑验光仪 ,角膜地形图仪 (计算机辅助的角膜镜摄影 )三种不同仪器测定角膜曲率的对比观察 ,了解三种不同仪器的性能和优缺点 ,为临床适用仪器提供参考。方法 :选取来我院检查的屈光不正患者 ,年龄 13～ 40岁 ,平均年龄 2 0 5岁 ,66人 ,13 0眼 ,验配前用三种不同仪器测量角膜曲率 ,每人每种仪器测量三次 ,记录角膜曲率的最大值、最小值、角膜散光度数、散光轴位。结果 :结果显示三种仪器所测的角膜曲率的最大值、最小值 ,散光度数和平均角膜曲率值 ,都没有显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,三种仪器所测的散光轴位差 ,也没有显著性差异。结论 :本实验研究结果提示 ,角膜曲率计、电脑验光仪、角膜地形图仪检测中央角膜曲率的精确率相似。但各有优缺点 ,曲率计较简单 ,便宜、易普及 ,但较主观 ;电脑验光仪可同时测定眼的总屈光状态及晶体散光 ,可大量快速普查人群 ;角膜地形图仪较客观反映全角膜的平、陡地形情况 ,数据精密 ,图形直观 ,但价格昂贵 ,不易普及。     

角巩缘隧道切口的白内障超声乳化摘除及折叠式人工晶体植入术

评价经角巩膜隧道切口的白内障超声乳化摘除及折叠式人工晶体植入手术的方法和疗效。方法在上方角巩缘做３．２ｍｍ梯形隧道切口,地１０３例老年性、并发性、先天性和外伤性白内障超声乳化摘除,并植入ＨＥＭＡ折叠式人工晶体。