State of the nutritive circulation in rats after prolonged hypokinesia

After prolonged hypokinesia for 80–100 days considerable disturbances of the nutritive circulation were observed in experiments on rats: reduction of the network of true capillaries, emptying of the terminal arteries and arterioles, direction of the terminal blood flow mainly along the developing network of arteriovenous anastomoses, by-passing the nutritive vessels. A tendency was noted for the buffer bases to be low in the venous blood and for respiratory alkalosis to be present in the arterial blood. The hemorheological stages were not significant.Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Extremal States, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 403–405, April, 1977.     

Effect of the tranquilizer mebicar on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation on the model of hypokinesia in rats

Daily 18-hour hypokinesia induces atherogenic shifts in the blood lipid spectrum and activates lipid peroxidation in rats. Mebicar is shown to have a correcting effect on lipid metabolism and on the intensity of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 535–537, May, 1996     

Effect hypokinesia on the ultrastructure of rat neocortex

The effect of 40, 90, and 120-day hypokinesia and nonstressful hypokinesia on the ultrastructure of cingular convolution, motor and frontal-parietal areas of rat cortex were investigated. Differences were found only in the ultrastructure of cingular convolution after hypokinesic stress. In each area both procedures led to a decrease in the number and variety of spike and axospike synapses. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 3, pp. 279–281, March, 1998     

The effect of antiorthostatic hypokinesia training on central hemodynamics in rats

Antiorthostatic training increased stroke and minute blood volumes, and decreased heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance. In test and control rats these parameters changed individually during antiorthostatic hypokinesia. After returning to horizontal position, rats (control) exhibited the signs of orthostatic instability. Preliminary training raised the tolerance of the central hemodynamics to antiorthostatic hypokinesia and to the horizontal position recovery. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 9, pp. 289–293, September, 1998     

Changes in the morphofunctional state of the thyroid gland under the combined influence of hypokinesia and hypothermia

It is shown that under the influence of a 5-day hypokinesia and hypothermia applied as individual and combined factors the rat thyroid gland develops a compromised response, displaying elements of a reaction to both hypokinesia and hypothermia. Some follicles in the central zone of the thyroid were in substantial functional tension, while in other areas of the organ synthesis and secretion were markedly suppressed. A severe deficiency of thyroid hormones in the organism leads to profound metabolic changes, impairments of thermoregulation mechanisms, and even death of some animals toward the end of the study. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Medistiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 523–528, November, 1994 Presented by M. A. Medvedev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Quantification of human body fat tissue percentage by MRI

The MRI‐based evaluation of the quantity and regional distribution of adipose tissue is one objective measure in the investigation of obesity. The aim of this article was to report a comprehensive and automatic analytical method for the determination of the volumes of subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) and visceral fat tissue (VFT) in either the whole human body or selected slices or regions of interest. Using an MRI protocol in an examination position that was convenient for volunteers and patients with severe diseases, 22 healthy subjects were examined. The software platform was able to merge MRI scans of several body regions acquired in separate acquisitions. Through a cascade of image processing steps, SFT and VFT volumes were calculated. Whole‐body SFT and VFT distributions, as well as fat distributions of defined body slices, were analysed in detail. Complete three‐dimensional datasets were analysed in a reproducible manner with as few operator‐dependent interventions as possible. In order to determine the SFT volume, the ARTIS (Adapted Rendering for Tissue Intensity Segmentation) algorithm was introduced. The advantage of the ARTIS algorithm was the delineation of SFT volumes in regions in which standard region grow techniques fail. Using the ARTIS algorithm, an automatic SFT volume detection was feasible. MRI data analysis was able to determine SFT and VFT volume percentages using new analytical strategies. With the techniques described, it was possible to detect changes in SFT and VFT percentages of the whole body and selected regions. The techniques presented in this study are likely to be of use in obesity‐related investigations, as well as in the examination of longitudinal changes in weight during various medical conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生物电阻抗分析法(BIA)测量人体成分

测量人体成分的理想方法应当是相对廉价的、病人易于接受的、可以由非专业人员来操作的、结果准确且可重复性高的。生物电阻抗分析法 ( BIA)可以部分满足这些要求。然而 ,生物电阻抗分析法 ( BIA)还有许多待解决的问题和应用的限制。本文综述 BIA的基本理论、数据分析方法。     

Effect of synthetic fragments of HIV protein immunodominant sites on human neutrophil oxygen metabolism

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 2, pp. 185–187, February, 1993     

Body composition characteristics and body fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Body composition, fat distribution and bone mineral density were examined in lean women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compared with body composition and fat distribution characteristics of weight-matched lean controls. Ten women with PCOS and a body mass index (BMI) below 25.00 (kg/m(2)) and 10 healthy women with a BMI below 25.00 (kg/m(2)) matched for age and weight and BMI as controls were enrolled in this study. Body composition and bone density were measured by dual-energy- x-ray-absorptiometry and fat distribution patterns were calculated. Although matched for age, weight and BMI, lean PCOS patients showed a significantly higher amount of body fat and lower amount of lean body mass than the controls. The majority of PCOS patients showed an intermediate or android kind of fat distribution. Only 30% of the lean PCOS patients corresponded to the definition of gynoid fat distribution while this was true of all lean controls.     

人体脂肪测量新方法研究

本文是人体体能测量新方法研究课题的系列论文之一，它研究论证了我们改进的人体脂肪测量新方法的可行性，有效性和实用性，使用自己研制的人体体重脂肪测量仪（利用改进的脂肪测量新方法），日本欧姆龙公司的脂肪测量仪，Tanita脂肪测量仪，自制的水下称重系统和分段阻抗六电极脂肪测量仪做人体实验，实验对象为在校学员55人，年龄为19至21岁，男性40人，女性15人，对所做人体实验的数据进行分析，发现使用改进的脂肪测量新方法测量人体脂肪的结果和采用水下称重系统方法测量的结果相关性很好，相关系数为0．974（P＜0．01），脂肪测量新方法与其它人体成分测量方法相比，可以减少电极数目，操作简便，因此改进的脂肪测量新方法可以替代整体和分段阻抗测量法。     

Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on the sodium and potassium distribution in rats

The state of metabolism of sodium and potassium in male rats 1, 7, 14 and 19 days after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was investigated by mapping the distribution of the elements in individual organs. Vagotomy was shown to disturb electrolyte metabolism, most severely one and seven days after the operation. Relative normalization of sodium and potassium metabolism was observed after 14 and 19 days.Department of Histology and Embryology, Therapeutic Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. S. Savel'ev.) Translated from Byulleten'. Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86 No. 11, pp. 528–530, November, 1978.     

Effect of chronic carbon tetrachloride poisoning on the turnover of RNA fractions in rat liver tissue

Changes in the content and incorporation of 5-³H-uridine after brief exposure to its labeled precursor were studied in the individual liver RNA fractions of rats during administration of carbon tetrachloride for 24 weeks. These fractions were obtained by preparative electrophoresis in 2.5% polyacrylamide gel from previously isolated nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. Administration of CCl₄ to rats was shown to reduce the quantity of transfer and ribosomal RNA in the liver tissue. Chronic CCl₄ poisoning also disturbs the synchronization of the turnover of the individual components of fast-labeled RNA.Laboratory of Biochemistry, Professor N. N. Petrov Scientific-Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. N. Golikov). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 423–425, April, 1977.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者体成分、血糖和血脂的相关关系

目的:探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的血糖、血脂和体脂肪的关系,为糖尿病的预防和诊治提供科学依据。方法:选择男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者107名,男性健康对照106名。采用InBody220人体成分分析仪检测身体成分,日立7600全自动生化分析仪测定血糖和血脂,并计算其平均值和相关系数。结果:男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、体脂肪量、体脂肪率和腰臀脂肪比均高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义。糖尿病患者的BMI与体质量、甘油三酯、体脂肪量、体脂肪率和腰臀脂肪比呈正相关;血糖除与总胆固醇呈正相关外,与其他项目均无相关性;甘油三酯与BMI、体脂肪量和总胆固醇呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关。结论:糖尿病患者的血糖水平与身体成分、甘油三酯无相关性,与总胆固醇水平相关。     

Effect of nifedipine and ruthenium red on the contractile function and oxidative metabolism of the myocardium

Translated fromByulleten' Experimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 375–378, April, 1993     

Effect of changes in gaseous environment and temperature on animals with diabetes

In contrast to normal environmental conditions (normal temperature and gaseous composition of the atmosphere), regular exposure to hypoxia or cold for 3 weeks after carotid glomectomy does not increase blood glucose and causes no anemia or depression of gaseous and energy metabolism. Diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin after a previous hypoxic or cold exposure is associated with lower hyperglycemia; the time course of hematological and gaseous metabolism parameters after glomectomy depends on the effects of changed gaseous environment or temperature. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 9, pp. 248–252, September, 1998     

Effect of corticosterone on the macroergic pool and membrane permeability in sections of rat hippocampus

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 12, pp. 604–607, December, 1993     

Effect of bile congestion on lipid peroxidation and structural composition of the bilein vitro

Oxidative processes in the bile caused by congestion lead to bile restructuring consisting in decreased phospholipid content paralleled by increased content of their peroxidation products and shifts in relative composition of components toward the predominance of more hydrophobic ones, which is more pronounced in calculous bile during incubation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 200–203, February, 1997     

Gender differences in body fat of low- and high-body-mass children: relationship with body mass index

The primary objective of this study was to determine gender differences in total body fat mass (TBFM) and body fat distribution (subcutaneous fat mass, SFM; and internal fat mass, IFM) in a cross-sectional sample of 280 children. Measurements of the body composition of 141 boys and 139 girls, all apparently healthy and aged 3–6 years were made using bioelectrical impedance. Determinations of impedance were made using a four-terminal impedance analyzer (TP-95K; Toyo Physical, Fukuoka, Japan). Lean body mass (LBM) was calculated using a previously published equation [Goran MI, Kaskoun MC, Carpenter WH, Poehlman ET, Ravussin E, Fontvieikke A-M (1993) Estimating body composition of young children by using bioelectrical resistance. J Appl Physiol 75: 1776–1780]. SFM was calculated using a modification of the equation derived by Skerjl [Skerjl B, Brozek J, Hunt EE (1953) Subcutaneous fat and age changes in body build and body form in women. Am J Phys Anthrop 11: 577–580] and Davies [Davies PSW, Jones PRM, Norgan NG (1986) The distribution of subcutaneous and internal fat in man. Ann Hum Biol 13: 189–192]. The main modifications of the equation in the present study were the introduction of: (1) mean thickness of adipose tissue over body surface/2, and (2) skin mass. IFM was calculated as the difference between TBFM and SFM. The body mass index (BMI; kg/m²) was calculated from the formula: body mass/height². For each gender, the subjects in the lowest and highest 25th percentiles were designated as “low body mass” and “high body mass”, respectively. In the present study, no gender differences in absolute TBFM, SFM and IFM were observed in either of these groups. In contrast, gender differences in relative TBFM (%Fat) and SFM (SFM/mass) were evident in girls. However, the four subgroups were similar in terms of relative IFM (IFM/mass). The TBFM was independently related to SFM, IFM and %Fat in both genders after adjustment for BMI; however, there was no significant association of SFM with IFM after adjustment for BMI in any group. Even after adjustment for BMI, IFM was independently related to %Fat in both genders, although SFM was not independently related to %Fat in any group except low-body-mass boys. This study shows that relative TBFM and SFM are higher in high-body-mass groups and tend to be higher in girls than in boys, and that the higher %Fat in high-body-mass girls than in high-body-mass boys appears to be associated with internal adipose tissue deposits. External adipose tissue mass does not appear to be related to the higher %Fat levels in high-body-mass girls. In addition, subcutaneous fat mass appears to be higher in low-body-mass girls than in low-body-mass boys, although this observation needs confirmation using more valid measures of subcutaneous fat such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Accepted: 18 February 2000     

Effect of the carotid body excision on the development of corazol-induced seizures

Bilateral glomectomy in albino rats produced protective effect against the development of corazol seizures, which was manifested in prolonged latency of seizures and a 2-fold shortening of their total duration. Acute hypoxia led to shortening of the latency both in glomectomized and in sham-operated rats and significantly decreased the number of seizures in glomectomized rats, although a similar decrease in sham-operated rats was insignificant. Possible participation of sinocarotid reflexogenic zones in hypoxic protection against experimental seizures is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 9, pp. 263–265, September, 1998     

Effect of hydrocortisone on composition of acid mucopolysaccharide fractions of the aorta

Five fractions of acid mucopolysaccharides were identified in the rabbit aorta: hyaluronic acid, heparitin sulfate, and chondroitin sulfates, A, C, and B. During prolonged administration of hydrocortisone the concentration of hyaluronic acid rose but that of heparitin sulfate fell. The relative percentages of chondroitin sulfate A, C, and B were lowered 15 days after administration of the hormone ceased.Department of Pathological Physiology, Leningrad Sanitary Engineering Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. S. Il'in.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 956–957, August, 1976.