拉莫三嗪对癫痫患者生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价拉莫三嗪对癫痫患者生活质量的影响。方法：采用多中心、前瞻性的研究方法，对新诊断癫痫患者应用拉莫三嗪治疗，并在基线期及用药6个月后，采用QOLIE-31、MOSSF-36量表、数字符号转换测验、HAMD抑郁量表和女性专用调查问卷对患者进行生活质量评价。结果：共纳入新诊断癫痂患者282例。MOSSF-36量表的8个项目得分在用药后均有显著提高（P〈0．01）；QOLIE-31问卷中“对癫痫的担心”、“情绪”、“活力”、“认知”、“药物不良反应”、“社会功能”及“总体自身健康评价”项目得分在用药后均有显著提高（P〈0．01）。用药后，患者Hamilton抑郁量表平均3．65分，显著低于基线期6．42分（P〈0．01）；数字符号转换测验得分在用药后与基线期比较有显著提高（P〈0．01）。结论：拉莫三嗪初始单药治疗能在一定程度上改善新诊断癫痫患者的生活质量。     

拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者认知功能与生活质量的影响

目的 评价拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者认知功能以及生活质量的影响.方法 对91例新诊断的癫(癎)患者给予拉莫三嗪治疗,并在用药前及用药16周后进行认知功能评定及生活质量调查.认知功能评定工具包括听觉词语测验、逻辑记忆测验、数字符号转换测验、Stroop字色干扰测验、连线测验、言语流畅性测验、韦氏积木测验、数字广度测验及Boston命名测验;生活质量调查采用患者生活质量评定量表-31(QOLIE-31).结果 癫(癎)患者应用拉莫三嗪治疗16周后与用药前比较,各项得分均有提高,其中以即刻与延迟词语记忆、情景记忆、执行功能、空间知觉能力以及言语命名功能方面改善显著.生活质量方面,QOLIE-31量表的7个测评方面及1个总体健康评价中,6项分值在用药后较用药前有所提高,其中"对癫(癎)的担心"(38.81±16.06,16周后45.68±15.18,P＜0.01)、"总体生活质量"(59.12±13.50,16周后64.99±13.33,P＜0.01)、"社会功能"(64.59±25.14,16周后69.41±22.70,P＜0.05)以及"总体自身健康评价"(71.18±13.73,16周后76.75±11.30,P＜0.01)4项的得分差异有统计学意义.结论 拉莫三嗪单药治疗新诊断癫(癎)患者可在短期内改善其认知功能,并提高生活质量.     

癫癎患者生活质量的研究

目的探讨成年癫癎患者生活质量状况及其影响因素.方法实验组86例癫癎患者,对照组59名健康自愿受试者.用世界卫生组织生存质量量表中文版简表(Q0 L-BREF)、癫癎患者生活质量量表(QOLIE-31)评定生活质量;用症状自评量表评价心境健康;分析各种影响因素的作用.结果实验组生活质量在心理领域得分比对照组低(P＜0.05);除精力/疲乏领域外的各领域均有50%以上实验组QOLIE-31得分低于平均水平;实验组的抑郁、焦虑分均比对照组明显增高(P＜0.0001);影响QOLIE总分的三个因素按作用大小依次是抑郁、焦虑和用药种数.结论癫癎患者生活质量下降,心境健康恶化;对总体QOLIE影响最大的因素是抑郁、焦虑和用药种数.     

老年隐源性癫(癎)患者临床特点和生活质量的研究

目的 研究老年隐源性癫(癎)患者的临床特点和生活质量.方法 采用临床调查表、癫(癎)患者生活质量量表-31(QOLIE-31)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA),对35例老年隐源性癫(癎)的患者(老年组)和70例青年患者(青年组)进行评定.结果 与青年组比较,老年组有发作诱因和服多种药的比率低,有共病的比率高(均P<0.05).QOLIE-31中在发作担忧和药物影响两个子项目的 评价上优于青年组,但老年组总体生活质量与青年组的差异无统计学意义.单因素分析显示性别、发作类型、药物不良反应、发作后不适感、抑郁和焦虑是影响老年组生活质量的因素;多元逐步回归分析显示,对老年组生活质量评分起主要作用的是焦虑和发作后不适感(均P<0.01).结论 老年隐源性癫(癎)患者具有发作诱因少、共病多和服单种抗癫(癎)药物为主的临床特点.老年患者和青年患者的总体生活质量水平相近.焦虑和发作后不适感是影响老年患者生活质量的重要因素.     

拉莫三嗪单药治疗新诊断的成人癫(癎)的临床疗效

目的:观察拉莫三嗪对新诊断成人癫(癎)的疗效.方法:对56例新诊断癫(癎)患者给予拉莫三嗪单药治疗.结果:56例患者中完全控制13例,显效22例,有效9例,无效8例,失访4例,完全控制率为23%,总有效率为79%.结论:拉莫三嗪是治疗新诊断成人癫(癎)的一种安全、有效药物.     

拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的 观察拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响.方法 用化学发光分析法检测51例癫(癎)患者(癫(癎)组)拉莫三嗪治疗前及治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月的血清甲状腺激素水平,并与43名正常对照者进行比较.结果 癫(癎)组患者治疗前血清甲状腺激素水平与正常对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义;拉莫三嗪治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月的甲状腺激素水平与治疗前及正常对照组比较,差异亦均无统计学意义.结论 拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者的甲状腺激素水平没有明显影响,安全性好.     

抑郁、焦虑对癫(癎)患者健康相关生存质量的影响

目的 调查癫(癎)患者健康相关生存质量和情绪健康状况,探讨各种因素对患者生存质量的影响.方法 使用世界卫生组织(WHO)生存质量量表中文版简表(QOL-BREF)附加癫(癎)生存质量量表(QOLIE)-31(中文版)、抑郁自评量表(SD5)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行生存质量和心境健康状况调查.多元逐步回归分析各种因素对生存质量的影响.结果 癫(癎)患者(n=141)在WHOQOL-BREF的生理、心理领域得分(分别为12.7±1.8、12.4 4-1.9)比常模下降(15.1±2.3、13.9±1.9,t=11.75、8.625,P<0.05);有抑郁情绪者占57.4 % ,有焦虑情绪者占39.7 % .合并抑郁、焦虑情绪的癫(癎)患者在除外QOLIE-31药物的影响领域的生存质量各个领域得分均减低;多元逐步回归结果显示,影响QOLIE总分的3个因素按影响作用大小依次是焦虑、抑郁和病程.结论 合并抑郁、焦虑情绪障碍,病程长是癫(癎)患者生存质量下降的重要因素.     

拉莫三嗪与卡马西平对新诊断癫（疒间）患者认知功能及生活质量影响的对照研究

目的研究新型抗癫药物拉莫三嗪(LTG)和传统抗癫药物卡马西平(CBZ)对新诊断部分发作性癫患者认知功能和生活质量的影响。方法采用随机、对照的临床研究方法,将符合标准的50例癫患者进行一组神经心理学和癫患者生活质量量表31(QOLIE31),以及头颅CT/MR、脑电图等检查,之后随机分别给予CBZ和LTG治疗。12周后复查相同检查。结果CBZ组治疗后较治疗前:逻辑延迟记忆下降,数字符号减少,QOLIE31中综合QOL和总体健康水平得分增加((P<0.05或0.01)),但药物影响和认知功能得分均下降(P<0.01);LTG组治疗后较治疗前:A型、B型连线测验时间、stroop读色时间减少,逻辑记忆、逻辑延迟记忆、计算力以及数字符号增加(P<0.05或0.01),QOLIE31中情绪、总体健康水平、精力/疲乏、社会功能得分增加(P<0.05或0.01),药物影响得分下降(P<0.01),认知功能得分无显著性差异(P>0.05)。CBZ与LTG组治疗前后差值比较:LTG组A型连线时间减少(P<0.01),stroop读字正确数、逻辑延迟记忆、数字符号增加(P<0.05或0.01),LTG在药物影响和认知功能得分均优于CBZ组(P<0.01)。结论LTG在一定程度上可以改善新诊断部分发作性癫患者认知功能和生活质量。目的研究新型抗癫药物拉莫三嗪(LTG)和传统抗癫药物卡马西平(CBZ)对新诊断部分发作性癫患者认知功能和生活质量的影响。方法采用随机、对照的临床研究方法,将符合标准的50例癫患者进行一组神经心理学和癫患者生活质量量表31(QOLIE31),以及头颅CT/MR、脑电图等检查,之后随机分别给予CBZ和LTG治疗。12周后复查相同检查。结果CBZ组治疗后较治疗前:逻辑延迟记忆下降,数字符号减少,QOLIE31中综合QOL和总体健康水平得分增加((P<0.05或0.01)),但药物影响和认知功能得分均下降(P<0.01);LTG组治疗后较治疗前:A型、B型连线测验时间、stroop读色时间减少,逻辑记忆、逻辑延迟记忆、计算力以及数字符号增加(P<0.05或0.01),QOLIE31中情绪、总体健康水平、精力/疲乏、社会功能得分增加(P<0.05或0.01),药物影响得分下降(P<0.01),认知功能得分无显著性差异(P>0.05)。CBZ与LTG组治疗前后差值比较:LTG组A型连线时间减少(P<0.01),stroop读字正确数、逻辑延迟记忆、数字符号增加(P<0.05或0.01),LTG在药物影响和认知功能得分均优于CBZ组(P<0.01)。结论LTG在一定程度上可以改善新诊断部分发作性癫患者认知功能和生活质量。     

多药转运蛋白对匹罗卡品癫(癎)大鼠模型脑内拉莫三嗪浓度的影响

目的 观察多药转运蛋白[P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,PGP)和多药耐药相关蛋白(multi-drug resistance associated protein,MRP)]对匹罗卡品慢性癫(癎)大鼠模型海马内拉莫三嗪浓度的影响,探讨PGP和MRP在难治性癫(癎)多药耐药机制中的作用.方法 建立匹罗卡品慢性癫(癎)动物模型,在模型大鼠海马内安置微透析探针,腹腔注射拉莫三嗪(10mg/kg)后于不同时间点收集透析液,并用高效液相色谱检测其中的药物浓度.通过微透析探针局部分别给予PGP拮抗剂维拉帕米和MRP拮抗剂丙磺舒,观察维拉帕米和丙磺舒对模型鼠海马内神经元细胞外液拉莫三嗪浓度的影响.结果 维拉帕米明显升高了癫(癎)大鼠海马细胞外液拉莫三嗪的药物浓度,在给药后60、90、120、150 min(0.65±0.11、0.84±0.09、0.70±0.09和0.58±0.08)与模型组(0.41±0.10、0.50±0.04、0.39±0.09和0.30±0.06)比较差异有统计学意义(F=5.01、8.61、10.23、7.89,P<0.05),丙磺舒也提高了海马内拉莫三嗪的浓度,给药后90、120、150 min(0.75±0.09、0.58±0.10和0.49±0.07)与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(F=6.58、4.56、4.75,P<0.05).结论 PGP和MRP均能够限制拉莫三嗪通过癫(癎)大鼠血脑屏障,从而降低了海马内拉莫三嗪的药物浓度,上述机制可能参与了难治性癫(癎)耐药的发生.     

拉莫三嗪添加或单药治疗部分发作性癫痫的有效性和耐受性研究

目的 探讨拉莫三嗪(LTG)治疗对多种抗癫痫药物疗效不佳的部分发作性癫痫患者的有效性和耐受性.方法 入组患者为多中心来源,主要终点指标为使用利物浦不良体验量表(LAEP)测试患者对药物的耐受性,次要指标为癫痫患者生活质量表(QOLIE)-31,同时记录患者的临床发作控制率.结果 入组患者114例,105例患者完成了LTG加量期治疗.与基线期比较,LTG加量期结束时患者LAEP评分改善2.6分(P<0.05), QOLIE-31总体评分提高8.49分(P<0.01).试验结束时有26例患者实现了LTG单药治疗,65例临床发作控制率达到50%以上,与基线期比较,LAEP评分改善5.1分(P<0.01),QOLIE-31总体评分提高12.72分(P<0.01).结论 对多种抗癫痫药物治疗不佳的部分发作性癫痫患者合用LTG可有效改善患者生活质量,控制发作和提高患者对药物的耐受性.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.