拉莫三嗪对新诊断成人癫癎患者生活质量的影响

随着健康定义的改变,医学模式也从单纯的生物医学模式转变为生物一心理一社会医学模式。因此,癫癎治疗及康复的目的不再局限于发作的控制和症状的缓解,而是使患者的健康状况全面改善或恢复。本研究采用两个量表调查拉英三囔（LTG）对新诊断成人癫癎患者生活质量的影响。探讨和发现影响生活质量的因素,对于采取多方面的综合治疗措施,为提高成人癫癎患者生活质量提供理论依据。     

拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响

目的 观察拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者血清甲状腺激素水平的影响.方法 用化学发光分析法检测51例癫(癎)患者(癫(癎)组)拉莫三嗪治疗前及治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月的血清甲状腺激素水平,并与43名正常对照者进行比较.结果 癫(癎)组患者治疗前血清甲状腺激素水平与正常对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义;拉莫三嗪治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月的甲状腺激素水平与治疗前及正常对照组比较,差异亦均无统计学意义.结论 拉莫三嗪对癫(癎)患者的甲状腺激素水平没有明显影响,安全性好.     

拉莫三嗪添加治疗癫癎的长期研究

目的　观察拉莫三嗪 (LTG)添加治疗癫长期开放性观察的临床疗效和安全性。方法　据添加LTG前 3个月基线月均发作频率 ,将 94例癫患者分为非难治性癫组 5 8例 (NIE组 )和难治性癫组 3 6例 (IE组 ) ,将每例最后 6个月的月均发作频率与基线进行比较 ,并观察其副反应。结果　总有效率为 69 1%。NIE组有效率 (84 5 % )、控制率 (63 8% )较IE组 (4 4 4% ,2 2 2 % )明显为高。IE组的疗效与我们均期 1年的观察结果近似。LTG与丙戊酸 (VPA)配伍应用 ,疗效较好 ,且可以减少LTG的剂量。副反应主要为皮疹 (12 8% )。结论　LTG添加治疗癫疗效稳定 ,耐药性、副反应少 ,是适于长期应用的新的高效抗癫药物之一。     

拉莫三嗪对新诊断成人癫患者生活质量的影响

随着健康定义的改变,医学模式也从单纯的生物医学模式转变为生物-心理-社会医学模式。因此,癫治疗及康复的目的不再局限于发作的控制和症状的缓解,而是使患者的健康状况全面改善或恢复。本研究采用两个量表调查拉莫三嗪(LTG)对新诊断成人癫患者生活质量的影响。探讨     

拉莫三嗪对特殊类型癫癎的疗效观察

目的观察拉莫三嗪(LTG)对特殊类型人群(育龄期女性)部分发作性癫癎患者的疗效和安全性。方法临床确诊的育龄期女性部分性发作癫癎患者90例,LTG单药治疗,定期随访,进行疗效和不良反应的观察。结果 LTG单药治疗育龄期女性部分性发作癫癎患者的有效率在76.7%以上,患者在用药后无一例重度不良反应。结论 LTG对育龄期女性部分性发作癫癎患者的疗效确切,安全性好,对怀孕和生育过程影响较小。     

拉莫三嗪对癫痫患者生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价拉莫三嗪对癫痫患者生活质量的影响。方法：采用多中心、前瞻性的研究方法,对新诊断癫痫患者应用拉莫三嗪治疗,并在基线期及用药6个月后,采用QOLIE-31、MOSSF-36量表、数字符号转换测验、HAMD抑郁量表和女性专用调查问卷对患者进行生活质量评价。结果：共纳入新诊断癫痂患者282例。MOSSF-36量表的8个项目得分在用药后均有显著提高（P〈0．01）;QOLIE-31问卷中“对癫痫的担心”、“情绪”、“活力”、“认知”、“药物不良反应”、“社会功能”及“总体自身健康评价”项目得分在用药后均有显著提高（P〈0．01）。用药后,患者Hamilton抑郁量表平均3．65分,显著低于基线期6．42分（P〈0．01）;数字符号转换测验得分在用药后与基线期比较有显著提高（P〈0．01）。结论：拉莫三嗪初始单药治疗能在一定程度上改善新诊断癫痫患者的生活质量。     

拉莫三嗪治疗癫癎的有效性与剂量、血药浓度及合并用药关系的研究

目的探讨拉莫三嗪(LTG)单药及不同配方治疗癫癎的有效性及与血药浓度等相关因素的关系。方法 126例患者分4组:拉莫三嗪单药治疗组(LTG)42例;服丙戊酸(VPA)以拉莫三嗪为添加治疗的LTG+VPA 组35例;服丙戊酸和卡马西平(CBZ)添加拉莫三嗪组(LTG+VPA+CBZ)33例;服卡马西平添加拉莫三嗪(LTG+ CBZ)组16例。拉莫三嗪按常规逐渐加量,在达到目标剂量后一个月及有效维持量时采血,高效液相色谱法测拉莫三嗪、丙戊酸及卡马西平血药浓度。结果拉莫三嗪单药或合并用药时疗效无明显差异,总有效率为81．8％,对全面性发作效果较佳,有效率90．6％,尤其是失神发作;对部分性发作有效率75．0％,两者有显著性差异。89％的有效患者拉莫三嗪血药浓度在1-8μg/mL范围内,且此范围内疗效与血药浓度呈正相关。血药浓度>8μg/mL时不良反应发生率增加有显著性。本组患者中无皮疹发生,可能与研究中起始剂量低、加量慢有关。结论拉莫三嗪单药及不同配方情况下对癫癎全面性发作效果更好。其有效血药浓度范围较大,且与疗效和副作用相关。     

拉莫三嗪作为首次用药对癫癎患儿的临床疗效及不良反应的评价

癫癎是一种常见的神经系统慢性反复发作性疾病。拉莫三嗪作为一种新型抗癫癎药物,于1994年开始在我国用于抗癫癎治疗,对多种类型的癫癎发作均有效[1],通过作用于钠通道、抑制兴奋性神经递质的病理性释放而发挥抗癫癎作用[2-3],其不良反应相对于其他抗癫癎药物较小,且对认知功能的影响较小或有保护作用。     

拉莫三嗪单药治疗新诊断的成人癫(癎)的临床疗效

目的:观察拉莫三嗪对新诊断成人癫(癎)的疗效.方法:对56例新诊断癫(癎)患者给予拉莫三嗪单药治疗.结果:56例患者中完全控制13例,显效22例,有效9例,无效8例,失访4例,完全控制率为23%,总有效率为79%.结论:拉莫三嗪是治疗新诊断成人癫(癎)的一种安全、有效药物.     

拉莫三嗪治疗成人部分性发作癫癎的临床疗效与安全性研究

目的评价拉莫三嗪治疗成人部分性发作癫癎的临床疗效与安全性。方法收集成人部分性发作癫癎患者89（76）例,分别给予拉莫三嗪单药、替换或添加治疗,进行开放性自身对照研究,随访24周发作情况,登记监测不良反应。结果 89例中76例完成终点试验,总有效率为82.8%,平均起效剂量为（99.7±18.6）mg/d,平均起效时间为（17.8±5.4）d,保留率为85.39%。不良反应发生率为15.8%,皮疹发生率为2.2%。结论拉莫三嗪是一种安全、有效的抗癫癎药物。     

Lamotrigine Monotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Untreated Epilepsy: A Double-Blind Comparison with Phenytoin

PURPOSE: Lamotrigine is an effective add-on therapy against a range of epileptic seizure types. Comparative studies with carbamazepine (CBZ) as monotherapy in newly diagnosed epilepsy suggest similar efficacy. In this study, lamotrigine (LTG) and phenytoin (PHT) are compared. METHODS: In a double-blind parallel-groups study, 181 patients with newly diagnosed untreated partial seizures or secondarily or primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures were randomised to two treatment groups. One group (n = 86) received LTG titrated over 6 weeks from a starting dose of 100 mg/day. The other (n = 95) received PHT titrated from 200 mg/day. Treatment continued for < or =48 weeks. RESULTS: The percentages of patients remaining on each treatment and seizure free during the last 24 and 40 weeks of the study, and times to first seizure after the first 6 weeks of treatment (dose-titration period), did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. These were measures of efficacy. Time to discontinuation, a composite index of efficacy and safety, likewise did not distinguish between treatments. Adverse events led to discontinuation of 13 (15%) patients from LTG and 18 (19%) from PHT. The adverse-event profile for LTG was dominated by skin rash [discontinuation of 10 (11.6%) patients compared with five (5.3%) from PHT] rather than central nervous system side effects: asthenia, somnolence, and ataxia were each significantly more frequent in the PHT group. The high rate of rash with LTG was probably due to the high starting dose and may be avoidable. A quality-of-life instrument, the SEALS inventory, favoured LTG. Patients taking PHT showed the biochemical changes expected of an enzyme-inducing drug, whereas those taking LTG did not. CONCLUSIONS: LTG and PHT monotherapy were similarly effective against these seizure types in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. LTG was better tolerated, more frequently causing rash, but with a lower incidence of central nervous system side effects.     

Verbal Memory in Newly Diagnosed Patients and Patients with Chronic Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

The objective of this study was to evaluate verbal memory in newly diagnosed and chronic left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE). Verbal memory performance of 39 newly diagnosed, previously untreated adult patients with LTLE and 16 patients with chronic LTLE, as well as 46 healthy controls, was analyzed. The patients with newly diagnosed and chronic LTLE had impaired verbal memory performance compared with normal controls. Memory performance was more affected in chronic LTLE. However, preliminary data from 5-year follow-up of 20 newly diagnosed LTLE patients did not show any deterioration in verbal memory performance. The memory impairment was not associated with the etiology of epilepsy or the hippocampal volumes, but was associated with early onset of epilepsy in LTLE and with secondarily generalized seizure type in newly diagnosed LTLE. The results of this study show that verbal memory is impaired not only in chronic LTLE but also in newly diagnosed, untreated LTLE. This suggests that the memory problems observed in patients with chronic LTLE cannot be attributed solely to medication effects or the chronic effects of recurrent seizures.     

Effect of Topiramate Monotherapy on Height in Newly Diagnosed Children With Epilepsy

We conducted a post hoc assessment of the effect of ≥6 months of topiramate monotherapy on height in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed partial-onset seizure. Data on height measured nonsystematically up to 4 years from two randomized, double-blind studies and their open-label extensions were combined and converted to z scores and percentiles by patient’s sex and age. Height velocity values (centimeters per year) and the associated z scores were computed for each postbaseline year using normative data. Median height velocity (centimeters per year) values and the associated z scores for patients ages 6-9 years were, year 1: 4.7 (?0.91); year 2: 4.2 (?1.62); year 3: 4.5 (?1.87); and for patients ages 10-15 years were, year 1: 4.0 (?0.76); year 2: 2.8 (?1.34); year 3: 3.1 (?0.74). There was a significant correlation between height velocity z score and change from baseline in height z score (r = 0.94 [n = 117]; P < 0.0001). Patient’s bicarbonate status (low was defined as two postbaseline serum bicarbonate values <20 mmol/L) and sex had no effect on height velocity. In both age groups, continued growth was observed; however, the growth rate was slower than expected compared with a matched normal population from years 1 to 2 and showed minimal recovery from years 2 to 3.     

Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Epilepsy

Summary: Quality of life (QOL) must be determined from the patients' subjective viewpoint. To determine QOL in epilepsy, it is necessary to use disease-specific scales. We introduced the Side Effects and Life Satisfaction (SEALS) scale to Japan and performed a comparative study on adult patients with epilepsy and normal subjects. The results for patients with epilepsy were determined by the number of prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the total dosage, and the type of epilepsy. Problems in patients with epilepsy were expressed by vertically crossing lines. A horizontal line expressed the severity of disease, and a vertical line expressed the psychosocial functioning. Therefore we cannot separate the severity and QOL when considering the influence of epilepsy disorders on individual patients. These two components compose the biphasic dimensions of QOL and thus are analyzed coincidentally. The concepts of QOL and comprehensive management in epilepsy are closely related, but the fundamental viewpoints are located at opposite positions. The former is based on the physicians' viewpoints and the latter on the patients' viewpoints. Although ideally these two concepts should be in harmony, they are in reality frequently dissociated. In comprehensive management, the treating physician must vigorously consider the influence of therapy on the patients' QOL.     

Effects of Sodium Valproate Combined with Lamotrigine on Quality of Life and Serum Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Poststroke Secondary Epilepsy

BackgroundWe sought to explore the effects of sodium valproate combined with lamotrigine on quality of life and serum inflammatory factors in patients with poststroke secondary epilepsy.MethodsA total of 145 patients with post-stroke secondary epilepsy admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 were collected: 76 treated with sodium valproate combined with lamotrigine (study group) and 69 patients treated with sodium valproate alone (control group). The levels of serum high-mobility group protein B1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and interleukin 6 were detected before and after treatment, and the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group. Both groups decreased in epileptiform discharges or in the number of involved leads after treatment, with the results of the study group being lower than those of the control group. The quality of life scores in both groups was increased after treatment, albeit the scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group. In terms of the levels of serum inflammatory factors, the 2 groups were reduced after treatment; the levels of the study group were lower than those of the control group. Regarding the incidence of adverse reactions, no significant difference was seen between the 2 groups.ConclusionsSodium valproate combined with lamotrigine has better clinical efficacy and higher safety in the treatment of poststroke secondary epilepsy and is able to reduce the expression levels of serum inflammatory factors.     

An Economic Appraisal of Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenytoin and Valproate as Initial Treatment in Adults with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

Summary: We undertook an economic appraisal of four drugs used in monotherapy during the first 2 years of treatment for newly diagnosed patients with epilepsy: carbamazepine (CBZ), lamotrigine (LTG), phenytoin (PHT), and valproate (VPA). We adopted the cost-minimization model because, although no single trial compares all four drugs directly, the clinical trials comparing two or more of these drugs in newly diagnosed cases show no significant difference in efficacy between the drugs in terms of seizure frequency: Considered in the cost analyses were frequency of side effects, retention rates, medical consultations, inpatient and accident and emergency costs, laboratory investigations, and drug changes. A Delphi panel provided the treatment pathways, including frequency of clinical consultations, second-line monotherapy, and side-effects management. A sensitivity analysis was performed, varying the assumptions on which the calculations were based. Analysis was completed for a prospective, intention-to-treat perspective and also for those patients continuing the initial drug. The direct medical costs of 2-years therapy (intention-to-treat analysis) calculated for each trial were £795–829 for CBZ, £1,525-2,076 for LTG, £736–768 for PHT, and £868–884 for VPA. A sensitivity analysis provided similar relative estimates. We found that LTG for newly diagnosed patients is significantly more expensive in direct health service costs incurred. This analysis incorporated seizure control, side effects, and tolerability. We recommend that a similar type of analysis be considered as part of all clinical trials of antiepileptic drugs in which efficacy of outcome is similar as a guide to assess optimal cost effectiveness.