糖尿病病人红细胞免疫功能与膜脂质成分的关系

①目的探讨非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）病人红细胞免疫功能变化与红细胞膜脂质成分的关系。②方法对５４例ＮＩＤＤＭ病人进行了红细胞免疫功能检测，同时也检测了红细胞膜脂质成分的变化。③结果ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（Ｅ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）明显降低（ｔ＝３．６６１，Ｐ＜０．００１），红细胞膜胆固醇（Ｃｈ）、胆固醇／磷脂（Ｃｈ／ＰＬ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）明显增高，与对照组比较，差异有极显著性（ｔ＝３．５２８～３．７９４，Ｐ＜０．００１），ＰＬ明显低于对照组（ｔ＝３．６２０，Ｐ＜０．００１），有血管病变者变化更明显；ＮＩＤＤＭ病人Ｅ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ与Ｃｈ，Ｃｈ／ＰＬ和ＭＤＡ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２７６～－０．６５３，Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），与ＰＬ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３１６，Ｐ＜０．０５），以Ｃｈ／ＰＬ和ＭＤＡ升高与红细胞免疫功能降低关系更密切。④结论ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞膜脂质成分异常可能是红细胞免疫功能低下的重要原因之一。     

尿毒症病人红细胞变形能力和形态的变化

①目的探讨尿毒症病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）和形态变化与红细胞膜脂质组成和ＡＴＰ酶活性的关系。②方法检测了４０例尿毒症病人和３８例健康人ＥＤ和红细胞形态变化，同时观察了红细胞膜胆固醇（Ｃｈ）、磷脂（ＰＬ）、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）和Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶及Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的变化。③结果尿毒症病人红细胞滤过指数（ＦＩ）和红细胞形态异常率明显增高，与对照组比较差异有极显著性（ｔ＝４．５２６，３．９８５，Ｐ＜０．００１）。异常形态红细胞有痘痕红细胞、口形红细胞、球形红细胞、嵴形红细胞和棘形红细胞，其异常率均明显高于对照组（ｔ＝３．５１１～４．２６９，Ｐ＜０．００１）。尿毒症病人红细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性、ＰＬ明显降低，而Ｃｈ／ＰＬ和ＬＰＯ明显增高，与对照组比较差异有极显著性（ｔ＝３．６２０～４．７１５，Ｐ＜０．００１）。尿毒症病人红细胞ＦＩ，红细胞异常率与膜Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性和ＰＬ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４４９～－０．５７４，Ｐ＜０．００１）；而与Ｃｈ／ＰＬ，ＬＰＯ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６６～０．６２０，Ｐ＜０．００１）。④结论尿毒症病人的     

风心病二尖瓣狭窄红细胞形态和变形性的研究

观察４５例风温性心脏瓣膜病（简称风心病）二尖瓣狭窄患者的红细胞超微结构（ＲＣＵ）和红细胞变形性（ＲＣＤ）。发现在并发充血性心力衷竭（简称心衰）时，二者发生异常改变（Ｐ＜０．０１），不并发心衰时，无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示心衰加重了机体缺氧并导致ＲＣＵ和ＲＣＤ的异常，而ＲＣＵ和ＲＣＤ的异常更加重机体缺氧。     

高血压病人红细胞变形能力与红细胞ATP酶活性及细胞内离子水平关系的研究

通过观察６６例高血压病（ＥＨ）病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）和红细胞ＡＴＰ酶活性，细胞内离子浓度变化及其相互关系。结果显示，ＥＨ病人红细胞滤过指数（ＩＦ）较对照组明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１），红细胞膜Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性、细胞内Ｋ＋，Ｍｇ２＋－浓度明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），而细胞内Ｎａ＋，Ｃａ２＋浓度明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１），且随着ＥＨ病程进展而逐渐明显（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＥＨ病人红细胞ＩＦ与红细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及Ｋ＋，Ｍｇ２＋浓度呈明显负相关（Ｐ＜０．００１），与Ｃａ２＋，Ｎａ＋浓度呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结果提示ＥＨ病ＨＥＤ降低与红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶活性降低及离子浓度异常有关。     

脑梗塞病人红细胞变形能力变化及其机制探讨

①目的探讨脑梗塞病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）变化的机制。②方法检测了３２例脑梗塞病人和３５例健康查体者ＥＤ，同时测定了红细胞内钙、镁浓度及红细胞膜Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ，Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性。③结果脑梗塞病人红细胞滤过指数（ＦＩ）和红细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度明显高于对照组（ｔ＝８．０７，１６．０８，Ｐ＜０．０１），红细胞膜Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性明显低于对照组（ｔ＝４．０４，１１．９２，Ｐ＜０．０１），红细胞内Ｍｇ２＋浓度及红细胞膜Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性与对照组相比无显著差异（ｔ＝０．３８，１．８３，Ｐ＞０．０５）。④结论红细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度增高及红细胞膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性降低可能是导致脑梗塞病人ＥＤ降低的主要因素之一     

高血压病人红细胞变形能力与红细胞膜脂质成分和PAF－AH活性的关系

①目的探讨高血压（ＥＨ）病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）与红细胞膜脂质成分和血小板激活因子乙酰水解酶（ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ）的关系。②方法观察了６６例ＥＨ病人和３８例健康人红细胞滤过指数（ＩＦ）、红细胞膜胆固醇（Ｃｈ）、磷脂（ＰＬ）、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）及ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ的变化。③结果ＥＨ病人红细胞ＩＦ较对照组明显增高（ｔ＝４．７２６，Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＥＨ病人红细胞膜Ｃｈ，ＬＰＯ及Ｃｈ／ＰＬ明显增高，而ＰＬ和ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ活性明显降低，与对照组比较差异均有极显著性（ｔ＝３．８８２～４．７１５，Ｐ＜０．００１）。这些指标变化随着ＥＨ病程进展而逐渐明显。ＥＨ病人红细胞ＩＦ与膜Ｃｈ，ＬＰＯ及Ｃｈ／ＰＬ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．５３２，０．５３８，０．６５５，Ｐ＜０．００１），与ＰＬ和ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５２７，－０．６０９，Ｐ＜０．００１）。④结论ＥＨ病人ＥＤ降低与红细胞膜脂质异常和ＰＡＦ－ＡＨ活性降低有密切关系。     

冠心汤治疗前后冠心病病人血液过氧化反应及红细胞变形性的 …

为研究冠心汤对冠心病患者血液过氧化反应及红细胞变形性的影响，我们检测了冠心病患者使用冠心汤治疗前后红细胞ＳＯＤ，全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＣＡＴ活力，血浆ＡＯＡ和红细胞膜ＭＤＡ含及ＩＦ的变化，结果表明，冠心病患者ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＣＡＴ活力及ＡＯＡ明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＭＤＡ含量及ＩＦ明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。治疗后，ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＣＡＴ活力明显高于治疗前（Ｐ〈０．０５），ＭＤ     

不稳定型心绞痛病人红细胞变形能力变化与红细胞膜脂质成分的关系

①目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡ）病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）与红细胞膜脂质组成的关系。②方法采用ＤＸＣ－３００Ａ型红细胞变形能力测定仪，邻苯二甲醛－醋酸－硫酸法、ＴＢＡ比色法和化学定量法，分别检测了４７例ＵＡ病人和４０例健康人红细胞滤过指数（ＥＦＩ），红细胞膜胆固醇（ＣＨ），磷脂（ＰＬ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量的变化。③结果ＵＡ病人ＥＦＩ，ＣＨ，ＬＰＯ和ＣＨ／ＰＬ均明显增高，ＰＬ明显降低，与对照组比较差异均有极显著性（ｔ＝４．８２２～９．６５０，Ｐ均＜０．００１）。ＵＡ病人ＥＦＩ与ＣＨ，ＣＨ／ＰＬ，ＬＰＯ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７６４～０．８８１，Ｐ＜０．００１），与ＰＬ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．６２７，Ｐ＜０．００１）。④结论ＵＡ病人ＥＤ降低与红细胞膜脂质成分异常有密切关系。     

冠心病病人红细胞变形能力与脂质过氧化损伤及血浆sC5b-9浓度的关系

①目的　探讨冠心病病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）变化与红细胞膜脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）及血浆补体激活片段（ｓＣ５ｂ－９）的关系。②方法　采用ＤＸＣ－３００Ａ型核孔膜红细胞变形能力测定仪,硫代巴比妥酸比色法和酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,检测了３５ 例冠心病病人红细胞滤过指数（ＥＦＩ）、红细胞膜ＬＰＯ含量和ｓＣ５ｂ－９浓度的变化。③结果　冠心病病人ＥＦＩ, ＬＰＯ,ｓＣ５ｂ－９ 明显增高,与对照组比较差异有显著性（ｔ＝ １３．６８８～２６．６３０,Ｐ＜ ０．００１）,且不同类型冠心病病人ＥＦＩ,ＬＰＯ,ｓＣ５ｂ－９ 的差异亦具有显著意义（Ｆ＝ ３９．８６～８０．１３,ｑ＝ １１．２６７～２５．４４０,Ｐ＜０．００１）,以急性心肌梗死病人各指标增高最明显。有并发症者和合并其他疾病者各指标增高较无并发症和单纯冠心病者更明显（ｔ＝ ７．７４６～１９．５１９,Ｐ＜ ０．００１）。冠心病病人ＥＦＩ与ＬＰＯ,ｓＣ５ｂ－９ 呈正相关（ｒ＝ ０．６６２,０．７１５,Ｐ＜０．００１）。④结论　冠心病病人ＥＤ降低与红细胞膜ＬＰＯ和血浆ｓＣ５ｂ－９ 增高有密切关系。     

老年高血压病人红细胞变形能力与膜钙依赖中性蛋白酶活性的关系

①目的探讨老年高血压病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）与红细胞膜钙依赖中性蛋白酶（Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ）活性的关系。②方法采用红细胞变形能力测定仪、分光光度计和凝胶电泳法分别检测了６８例老年高血压病人和６０例老年前期高血压病人及８０例健康人红细胞滤过指数（ＥＦＩ）、红细胞膜Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及红细胞膜收缩蛋白（ＳＰ）相对含量的变化。③结果老年高血压病人ＥＦＩ，Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ活性明显增高，Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性和ＳＰ相对含量明显降低，与老年前期病人和健康对照组比较差异均有极显著性（ｔ＝３．１７７～５．２０９，Ｐ均＜０．００１）。老年前期高血压病人各指标变化较老年前期健康人亦明显（ｔ＝２．６２６～３．０８４，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。老年高血压病人ＥＦＩ与Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ活性呈正相关（ｒ＝０．６２１，Ｐ＜０．００１），与Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性和ＳＰ相对含量呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５７６，－０．４９６，Ｐ＜０．００１）；红细胞膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性和ＳＰ含量与Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ活性呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５１１，－０．５２９，Ｐ＜０．００１）。④结论老年高血压病人ＥＤ降低与红细胞膜Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ活性增高所致的膜蛋白溶解和破坏有     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.