大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗致口腔黏膜炎的预防及护理

目的:探讨大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗致口腔黏膜炎的原因及护理对策。方法:通过回顾本科室48例患者进行120个疗程的大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗,连续24h静脉滴注,滴注第36h开始给予四氢叶酸钙解救,同时予以水化及碱化尿液。结果:48例患者共进行120个疗程化疗,出现口腔黏膜炎20例,1～2级14例,3～4级6例。结论:只要严格执行化疗计划,严密观察病情,强化化疗护理,可以有效地预防和减轻黏膜炎发生。     

大剂量甲氨喋呤化疗诱发口腔黏膜溃疡护理干预临床效果分析

目的:探讨护理干预对防治骨肉瘤患者应用大剂量甲氨喋呤化疗所致口腔黏膜溃疡的效果.方法:将52例患者随机分为两组各26例,对照组仅给予常规药物治疗,实验组在此基础上给予护理干预,即用药前后加强心理护理、卫生教育、饮食指导等.结果:实验组口腔黏膜溃疡发生率、程度、痊愈时间明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:护理干预与药物联合应用可明显降低大剂量甲氨喋呤化疗致口腔黏膜溃疡程度.     

化疗所致口腔黏膜炎的观察与护理

总结120例接受以氟尿嘧啶为基础用药化疗的消化道恶性肿瘤患者的护理，通过加强健康宣教，结合必要的药物进行口腔黏膜炎的预防，同时做好化疗期间的口腔护理，提高患者的心理健康，减少患者在化疗期间口腔黏膜炎的发生。     

两种不同口腔护理方法对预防白血病儿童大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗后口腔黏膜炎的效果观察

[目的]比较常规口腔护理、常规口腔护理+蒙脱石散含漱护理用于预防白血病儿童大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗后口腔黏膜炎的效果。[方法]选取重庆医科大学附属儿童医院血液科2017年10月—2018年7月收治的急性淋巴细胞白血病第1次接受大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗病人98例,抽签随机分为对照组47例和观察组51例,对照组采取0.05%氯己定漱口液漱口,观察组采取0.05%氯己定漱口液漱口+蒙脱石散含漱。比较两组患儿化疗后口腔黏膜分度、疼痛、影响进食程度及满意度。[结果]两组患儿化疗后口腔黏膜分度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患儿疼痛程度低于对照组(P0.05),对进食的影响小于对照组(P0.05);观察组患儿及家属对护理工作满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]通过常规口腔护理+蒙脱石散含漱护理对大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗患儿进行干预,能够降低大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗后患儿的口腔黏膜炎发生率,有利于减轻甲氨蝶呤化疗患儿的并发症,提高其生活质量。     

化疗所致口腔黏膜溃疡的治疗及护理进展

化疗是当前恶性肿瘤治疗的重要手段之一,但由于缺乏细胞特异性,化疗药物在杀死肿瘤细胞的同时,会产生许多毒副作用,如恶心、呕吐、黏膜溃疡等,其中口腔黏膜溃疡是临床上恶性肿瘤患者化疗最常见的并发症之一,发生率可高达66％。为此,本文就化疗所致口腔黏膜溃疡的发生机制及治疗和护理作一综述。     

恶性血液病化疗所致口腔黏膜炎的护理进展

口腔黏膜炎是恶性血液病患者在化疗后骨髓抑制期极易出现的一种并发症,据文献报道,大剂量化疗后约75%的患者发生明显的口腔黏膜炎。口腔黏膜炎常给患者带来不适、疼痛、咀嚼及吞咽困难、营养不良,甚至严重影响患者的生活质量。因此,在临床护理工作中,要通过护理干预来预防口腔黏膜炎的发生。本文对其相关因素、预防、护理措施等进行综述,旨在探讨应对该病的有效方法。     

肿瘤病人化疗并发口腔黏膜炎的护理

口腔黏膜炎是指口腔的炎症性和溃疡性的反应,是肿瘤病人化疗后常见的具有潜在危险性的并发症,它的发病率达20%～100%,常给病人造成身心的痛苦,影响病人的生存质量,导致病人对治疗失去信心.     

恶性血液病化疗后口腔黏膜炎的预防护理进展

恶性血液病在我国是最常见的恶性肿瘤,包括白血病、淋巴瘤、骨髓增生异常综合征、多发性骨髓瘤和骨髓增殖性疾病等。化疗是临床上治疗恶性血液病的重要手段。口腔黏膜炎是恶性血液病化疗后常见的并发症。接受细胞毒性化疗药物治疗的恶性血液病患者中口腔黏膜炎的发生率约为40%[1-2]。口腔黏膜炎不仅增加患者的痛苦,影响进食,导致营养缺乏,而且造     

白血病病人化疗并发口腔溃疡的护理

介绍白血病病人化疗并发口腔溃疡的护理,即评估口腔溃疡的程度,保持口腔清洁,做好口腔黏膜、饮食、疼痛、心理等方面的护理可促进化疗方案的顺利进行,提高病人治疗的依从性.     

Prospective evaluation of oral mucositis in acute leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy

Purpose  

Knowledge of oral mucositis (OM) in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and chemotherapy (CT) has remained limited. Thus, a prospective, longitudinal study was undertaken to characterize clinical features, associated risk factors, and behavior of OM in a cohort of AL patients starting CT.     

头皮式静脉留置针使用中的护理干预

静脉留置针具有操作简单，套管柔软，在静脉内留置时间长，且不易穿破血管等优点，现已广泛应用于临床。静脉留置针的应用可减少静脉穿刺次数，减轻患者痛苦，保护穿刺静脉，而且提高了护士工作效率，有利于临床用药和紧急抢救。但临床常因留置针护理不当带来的并发症而未达到留置预期时间，患者感觉得不偿失。为此，2005年6月-2006年9月，本研究对初次行浅静脉留置穿刺的患者进行了护理干预，现报道如下。     

低温碳酸氢钠液对鼻咽癌放疗口腔黏膜炎的保护作用观察

目的 观察低温碳酸氢钠液对鼻咽癌放疗口腔黏膜反应的保护作用.方法 将31例鼻咽癌患者随机分为实验组和对照组.实验组15例在放疗前、后各含漱10ml低温(4℃)2%碳酸氢钠液5 min;对照组16例患者予甲硝唑溶液(口泰)漱口,2～3次/d.比较2组口腔黏膜炎的发生情况和真菌感染率.结果 实验组和对照组2级以上口腔黏膜炎的发生例数分别为4和14例,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.01.真菌感染发生率分别为0和31.25%(P＜0.05).结论 含漱低温碳酸氢钠液可有效减轻鼻咽癌放疗患者口腔黏膜反应,减少真菌感染发生率,改善患者生活质量.     

解毒愈疡漱口方用于防治急性白血病化疗相关口腔黏膜炎的研究

[目的]探讨解毒愈疡漱口方对急性白血病化疗并发口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效。[方法]随机入组90例急性白血病接受联合化疗患者,治疗组45例,予解毒愈疡漱口方漱口;对照组给45例,予康复新液漱口。观察治疗组与对照组在化疗第5天、第10天的口腔黏膜炎疗效,以及对血常规、肝肾功能的影响。[结果]化疗第5天治疗组与对照组口腔黏膜炎发生率及严重程度无明显统计学差异,而化疗第10天治疗组较对照组口腔黏膜炎程度及疼痛程度明显减轻,具有统计学差异(p＜0.05)。两组血常规、肝肾功能无统计学差异(p＞0.05)。[结论]中药解毒愈疡漱口方含服漱口对防治口腔黏膜炎有效率、创面愈合率疗效显著,且消肿止痛效果明显,大大提高了病人的舒适度及满意度。     

肾移植患者口腔粘膜炎的护理

目的 通过探讨肾移植术后口腔粘膜发生、发展规律、为临床护理提供 依据。方法 对22例口腔粘膜炎进行周密细致的评估、观察、记录、分析。结果 肾移植术后口腔粘膜炎的发生与长期透析、大剂量应用免疫抑制剂、WBC下降、营养不良有关；发生部位：颊部8例，舌部6例，齿龈6例，腭部2例；以病毒感染多见；发生程度Ⅰ、Ⅱ级。结论本组口腔粘膜炎发生率22．9％，虽然发生率较高，但通过行之有效的护理降低了口腔粘膜发生程度。     

白血病患者鞘内注射的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对白血病患者鞘内注射化疗药物(鞘内化疗)的影响。方法将51例鞘内化疗的白血病患者随机分为干预组27例与对照组24例。两组均采用常规护理,干预组另加心理干预、行为干预、饮食干预。结果干预组患者的头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐的发生率明显降低,程度明显减轻(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论护理干预能明显降低白血病患者鞘内化疗的不良反应事件的发生,并可使其程度减轻。     

口腔冷疗预防放化疗所致口腔黏膜炎研究现状

综述了口腔冷疗预防放化疗所致口腔黏膜炎研究现状,指出应对口腔冷疗方法、时间及应用范围进行进一步深入分析,以更好地发挥口腔冷疗对放化疗所致口腔黏膜炎的预防作用。     

口腔冷疗预防放化疗所致口腔黏膜炎研究现状

综述了口腔冷疗预防放化疗所致口腔黏膜炎研究现状,指出应对口腔冷疗方法、时间及应用范围进行进一步深入分析,以更好地发挥口腔冷疗对放化疗所致口腔黏膜炎的预防作用.     

Palliation of oral mucositis symptoms in pediatric patients treated with cancer chemotherapy

This prospective randomized 2-period crossover study aimed at comparing the efficacy of 2 oral care protocols differing in the type of mouthwashes: chlorhexidine versus benzydamine in alleviating oral mucositis symptoms for children undergoing chemotherapy. Forty subjects were randomly allocated to receive either chlorhexidine first then benzydamine protocols or benzydamine first then chlorhexidine protocols. Each protocol was started on the first day of chemotherapy and continued for 21 days. Subjects were evaluated in intervals of 3 to 4 days using the World Health Organization (WHO) grading for mucositis and 10-cm visual analogue scale for oral symptoms evaluations. Among 34 evaluable subjects, 26% and 48% of them using chlorhexidine and benzydamine had WHO grade II mucositis, respectively (P < .05). The results revealed a significant difference in mean area under the curve (AUC) of mouth pain (1.35 +/- 2.26 versus 3.09 +/- 3.21) (P = .05), and a trend of a lessening of mean AUC of difficulty in eating/chewing (2.49 +/- 3.74 versus 2.71 +/- 4.1) (P = .82) and swallowing (1.34 +/- 3.31 versus 1.91 +/- 4.03) (P = .53) for subjects receiving chlorhexidine compared to those receiving benzydamine. In conclusion, chlorhexidine may be helpful in palliating mucositis symptoms for children in chemotherapy. The beneficial effect, however, is small and needs to be confirmed in a larger trial.     

Reduction of oral mucositis by filgrastim (r-metHuG-CSF) in patients receiving chemotherapy

Mucositis, the inflammation and necrosis of mucosal membranes, is a serious and debilitating consequence of many cancer therapies. We were interested in the potential role of filgrastim (recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, r-metHuG-CSF) in the reduction of mucositis. Patients with newly diagnosed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were treated with CAE chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide) and placebo or filgrastim. If patients had an episode of febrile neutropenia, they received unblinded filgrastim in subsequent CAE cycles. Oral mucositis was considered to have occurred if a patient reported any clinical sign or symptom of oral mucositis with or without oral candidiasis. Oral mucositis was analyzed using the unadjusted chi-square test, and time to first episode of mucositis was analyzed using the stratified log-rank test as well as the Cox proportional hazards regression model. During cycle 1, placebo-treated patients had more episodes of mucositis (47%) compared with those patients randomized to filgrastim (28%). Across all cycles of treatment, 70% of placebo-treated patients experienced mucositis, compared with 53% of patients randomized to filgrastim. A significant reduction in the incidence of chemotherapy-related oral mucositis occurred across multiple cycles of treatment in patients treated with filgrastim.