孕期亲密伴侣暴力流行状况及其与自发性早产的关联

目的了解安徽2市孕期亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)的流行状况,探讨其与自发性早产之间的关联。方法 2013年5月—2014年1月,在安徽省合肥市和安庆市招募928名待产孕妇,采用自制问卷和13个条目的 IPV问卷进行面对面调查,包括社会人口学资料、妊娠意愿、生活方式和暴力发生等。分娩后通过医疗记录收集子代孕周、分娩方式和早产原因等。应用Logistic回归模型分析IPV与自发性早产间的关联。结果孕期精神暴力、躯体暴力和性暴力发生率分别为28.8%(95%CI 25.9%~31.7%)、7.0%(95%CI 5.5%~8.8%)和2.3%(95%CI 1.4%~3.4%)。发生IPV的孕妇中,配偶双方低年龄(孕妇25岁、配偶30岁)、大专以下学历、非意愿妊娠、双方交流不充分、配偶孕前饮酒吸烟的比例显著高于未发生IPV的孕妇(P0.05)。控制配偶双方的一般人口统计学特征、妊娠意愿、孕前BMI、饮酒和吸烟等主要混杂因素后,精神暴力合并躯体暴力或/和性暴力与自发性早产存在显著的统计学关联(调整后OR=2.31,95%CI 1.12~4.74)。结论孕期精神暴力发生率较高,但与自发性早产间无显著关联。当孕期精神暴力合并躯体暴力或/和性暴力时,会显著增加自发性早产风险。     

湖南省孕产妇亲密伴侣暴力发生及影响因素研究

目的了解孕产妇在孕前和妊娠期亲密伴侣暴力(intimate partner violence,IPV)的发生情况,探索和识别影响亲密伴侣暴力发生的因素.方法通过湖南省某妇幼保健院产科门诊招募孕妇进行问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学特征,家庭条件,妊娠经历,社会支持和亲密伴侣暴力经历.结果本次回收有效问卷510份,共113例...     

2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

目的 了解大学生恋爱中的性行为和亲密伴侣暴力行为情况,探讨亲密伴侣暴力与大学生其他部分心理行为的关系.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,对合肥和芜湖市3所高校2575名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括恋爱情况、遭受亲密伴侣暴力情况、抑郁症状、自尊、学校生活满意度和自杀相关心理行为.x2检验和方差分析探讨不同恋爱经历大学生心理行为状况的差异.结果 2575名大学生中46.9%有过恋爱经历;男生高于女生,大二、三年级学生高于大一年级学生(x2值分别为44.13、161.84,P值均<0.05).目前正在恋爱的大学生中21.1%报告与现在的恋人发生过性行为,其中仅有21.8%(34/156)每次都使用安全套,11.5%(18/156)从不采用任何避孕措施,18.6%(29/156)与现在恋人(女友)发生性行为而怀孕,孕后到正规医院进行处理的比例仅占48.3%(14/29).有过恋爱经历的大学生中,遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、性暴力、总暴力的报告率分别为18.0%、33.6%、5.1%、37.1%;男生遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、总暴力的比例均高于女生,女生遭受性暴力的比例高于男生(x2值分别为70.21、13.25、14.04、5.77,P值均<0.05).在遭受过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生中,有74.2%(345/446)经历过3次以上亲密伴侣暴力.经历过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生抑郁症状得分最高,自尊和学校生活满意度得分最低(F值分别为4.00、16.39和8.76,P值均<0.05),自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀未遂的报告率均最高(x2值分别为13.80、9.72、8.52、11.96,P值均<0.05).结论 大学生恋人间性行为发生率较高,且保护意识缺乏;大学生亲密伴侣暴力现象较常见,且与其他不良心理行为关系密切.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of love affairs and intimate partner violence,and to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and other mental health and risk behavior in college students.Methods Three universities were selected using cluster sampling method in Hefei and Wuhu.Totally.2575 college students completed an anonymous questionnaire.Intimate partner violence,depression,satisfaction of school life,self-esteem,suicidal psychology and behavior were evaluated to estimate the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health/risk behavior.Results There were 46.9%students reported that they had intimate partner currently or in the past.The rate of having intimate partner in male students was higher than that in female students(x2=44.13,P<0.001).And the rates were higher in sophomores and juniors than in freshmen(x2=161.84,P<0.05).There were 21.1% students had sexual behavior with their intimate partners.But only 21.8%(34/156)intimate partners reported that they used condom every time.There were 11.5%(18/156)intimate partners reported that they never took any contraception.There were 18.6%(29/156)students reported that they were pregnant or led to their girlfriend becoming pregnant,but only less than 50.0% adolescents induced abortion in a legal hospitals.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,sexual coercion,the total intimate partner violence were 18.0%,33.6%,5.1%.37.1%.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,total intimate partner violence in male adolescents were higher than those in female adolescents,but the rate of sexual coercion was on the contrary(x2=70.21,13.25,14.04,5.77,P<0.05).Among the intimate partners who had suffered from intimate partner,74.2%(345/446)students had underwent more than 3 times.and 47.1% had underwent more than 2 types of intimate partner violence.The score of depression was highest in the victims of intimate partner violence,but the scores of self-esteem and school life satisfaction were on the contrary(F=4.00,16.39,8.76,P<0.05).The rates of suicidal ideation,suicidal plan,suicidal preparative and attempted suicide were highest in the victims of intimate partner violence(x2=13.80,9.72,8.52,11.96,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of having sexual behavior with their intimate partners was high in college students,but their self-protection awareness was insufficient.In the present study,a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among university students was observed,and highlighted a need for attention to the other mental health and risk behavior in adolescents with intimate partner violence.     

中国女性归因于亲密伴侣暴力的抑郁症疾病负担分析

目的 本研究旨在评估我国女性归因于亲密伴侣暴力(Intimate partner violence, IPV)的抑郁症疾病负担状况及其变化趋势。方法 基于全球疾病负担研究数据库中中国女性归因于IPV的抑郁症伤残调整寿命年(Disability adjusted life years, DALY)数据,运用年龄-时期-队列模型分析年龄、时期和队列对女性抑郁症产生的影响。结果 近三十年间,中国女性归因于IPV的抑郁症粗DALY率上升了1.02%,归因标化DALY率下降了22.34%。IPV在女性抑郁症疾病负担的危险因素中始终保持较高水平。年龄-时期-队列分析表明,归因DALY率的净漂移值为-0.48%,局部漂移值在15～59岁年龄组中低于零,在60～94岁年龄组中高于零。年轻女性归因DALY率高于老年女性,在25～29岁年龄组达到最高。时期效应以2000—2004年为转折点呈先下降后上升的趋势,队列效应以1948—1952年出生队列组为转折点呈先上升后下降的趋势。结论 中国女性归因于IPV的抑郁症疾病负担在30年间有所改善,但形势依旧严峻,仍需采取有效的干预措施以加强防控。     

男男性行为者亲密伴侣暴力经历与高危性行为的相关性分析

目的:了解MSM中亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）经历情况并分析IPV经历与高危性行为的相关性。方法:2019年4-7月在济南市、青岛市和济宁市招募MSM进行面对面问卷调查,收集其人口学特征、艾滋病防治知识、最近1年IPV经历和6个月高危性行为等信息。采用EpiData 3.1和SPSS 24.0软件进行数据整理和统计学分析。结...     

近10年亲密伴侣暴力国际研究热点的文献计量学分析

目的 从文献计量的角度系统地分析世界各国近10年有关亲密伴侣暴力(intimate partner violence,IPV)的研究热点问题的分布及变化趋势,旨在为我国开展相关研究提供参考依据。方法 检索PubMed数据库2005-2014年收录的相关文献采用书目信息共现挖掘系统(BICOMS)进行文献计量分析,并利用SPSS 20.0软件绘制系统聚类关系图及χ²检验分析热点变化趋势。结果 统计分析表明,国际上在IPV领域发布的科研论文共3 257篇,数量上整体呈上升态势,尤以近3年更为明显。近10年相关研究主题词主要集中在4各方面:IPV的相关损害及疾病、流行病学调查方法、社会支持、IPV及所引起的疾病预防干预知识及措施。分析结果显示,相对前5年,近5年发表的文献侧重于IPV与HIV感染关系的研究(2.0% vs. 1.0%,χ²=4.471,P=0.034),并将研究对象拓展到孕产妇(1.2% vs. 0.4%,χ²=4.805,P=0.028)等人群。结论 近10年IPV领域的研究总体围绕4个方面,近5年的研究热点开始转向其与HIV感染,目标人群开始拓展到普通女性以外其他人群,中国在该领域的研究还处于起步阶段,期待有所突破的研究。     

社区青少年暴力行为与儿童期被教师虐待经历的关系

目的探讨儿童虐待对社区青少年暴力攻击行为的影响,为减少青少年暴力攻击行为的发生提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,对在儿童期遭受的来自教师的虐待与社区青少年暴力攻击行为之间的关联程度进行分析。结果被教师虐待过的社区青少年发生暴力攻击行为的危险性是未被虐待过的2倍左右,其中被教师打过(OR=1.917)、被教师罚跑(OR=2.125)、被教师罚劳动(OR=2.353)等项目的暴露比值比差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论社区青少年发生暴力攻击行为的危险性因儿童期遭受教师虐待而增加,儿童虐待与社区青少年暴力攻击行为之间为正关联。     

中文版儿童期虐待问卷信度及效度评价

目的 评价中文版儿童期虐待问卷(CTQ-SF)的信度和效度,为该量表在中国的推广使用提供科学依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法抽取湖北省鄂州市4所中学的初一至高二年级共1 892名在校学生进行中文版CTQ-SF团体测试,检验其信度和效度。结果 中文版CTQ-SF的总Cronbach'sα系数为0.73,情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视5个分量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.23~0.74;条目间平均相关系数为0.20,各分量表平均相关系数为0.11~0.37;总分半信度系数为0.71,各分量表分半信度系数为0.31~0.71;各分量表与总量表的相关系数为0.54~0.80,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);各分量表与总量表的相关系数均超过各分量表间的相关系数为0.18~0.50,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);对量表进行探索性因子分析,经Sreen-test检验抽取的4个因子分别代表情感忽视因子、躯体和情感虐待因子、性虐待因子和躯体忽视因子,累计方差贡献率为66.12%,4个因子的共性方差均>0.4,涵盖全部25个条目。结论 中文版CTQ-SF是一种较好的儿童期虐待测评工具,但躯体忽视分量表需进一步修订。     

儿童期受虐待经历对大学生遭受网络欺凌的关联性研究

目的探讨儿童期受虐待经历对大学生遭受网络欺凌的影响。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山西省6所大学4,040名大二、大三年级在校学生进行问卷调查。结果儿童期遭受的虐待中报告率最高的是躯体忽视(36.3%),其次是情感忽视(21.5%)、性虐待(17.2%)、躯体虐待(12.1%)、情感虐待(6.6%)。大学生遭受的网络欺凌各因子均分分别为:隐匿身份(1.79±0.82)分、网络言语欺凌(1.54±0.64)分、网络伪造欺诈(1.49±0.64)分。经t检验,男生遭受的网络欺凌各因子得分及总得分高于女生,父母离异的学生高于父母未离异的学生,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);独生子女遭受的网络言语欺凌均分高于非独生子女(P0.05)。多重线性回归模型显示:儿童期的情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待及躯体忽视经历是大学生遭受网络欺凌的危险因素。结论儿童期受虐待经历会对大学生遭受网络欺凌产生一定的影响,且随着受虐待程度的增加,大学生遭受网络欺凌的严重程度也会增加。     

中学生儿童期虐待相关因素及心理影响研究

【目的】探讨中学生儿童期虐待的相关因素及对其心理的影响。【方法】采用儿童期虐待问卷、自尊量表和心理健康诊断测验对某市4所中学1 337名中学生进行匿名调查。对儿童期虐待的相关因素、受虐史与心理健康状况的关系进行广义线性回归分析及相关分析。【结果】除情感虐待外,男生CTQ-SF得分均高于女生。单因素结果表明,患有慢性病、厌恶学习、学习成绩下降等、父母期望过高、父母再婚、父母有童年受虐史、曾经历不良生活事件的学生受虐危险性较高;多因素分析显示,学习态度、父母的期望是否过高、性别、学习成绩,是否患慢性病、父母之间的关系、父母是否有童年受虐史及经历不良事件是中学生儿童期虐待影响因素;受虐危险性与焦虑程度呈正相关,与自尊水平呈负相关。【结论】儿童期虐待影响因素较多,对心理健康危害大,应积极进行预防干预。     

The relationship between socio-economic inequalities,intimate partner violence and economic abuse: A national study of women in the Philippines

Economic abuse against women has for too long remained a relatively ‘unseen’ part of interpersonal violence, in spite of intimate partner violence (IPV) being a public health problem. Most studies on economic abuse derive especially from the USA and amongst women in shelters, and their findings are not easily generalisable to low–middle-income countries. Socio-economic inequalities render women vulnerable to control and risk of abuse. We investigated the role of socio-economic inequalities in the association between IPV and economic abuse. Logistic regression analyses were performed on cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of 8478 women aged 15–49 years in the 2008 Philippines Demographic and Health Surveys. Results indicated strong positive associations between both physical IPV and emotional IPV and all four forms of economic abuse. Measures of socio-economic inequalities and other covariates such as no education, primary education, unemployment and justifying wife beating were also statistically significant. Findings suggest the increased need for health care practitioners to include economic abuse during the assessment of and response to IPV, the implementation of a multidimensional approach to providing tangible support and women-centred responses in reported cases of economic abuse, as well as measures that enhance socio-economic equality and increase economic opportunities for women.     

Prevalence and correlates of physical,psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence in Bolivia

Despite increasing awareness that domestic violence is a major public health problem, existing studies focus on physical and sexual violence and give little attention to psychological violence. This study uses data from the 2008 Bolivia Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) to examine the prevalence and correlates of physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence in Bolivia. The results show that psychological intimate partner violence is extremely common (affecting nearly one in two women) and often occurs in addition to physical violence. While physical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence have several common predictors, there are factors that only affect some types of violence. Common risk factors include urban residence, respondent's employment status and having witnessed interparental violence in childhood. Although marital status is not a risk factor for physical violence, unmarried cohabitation is a strong risk factor for psychological intimate partner violence. Our findings highlight the need for research to assess the potential consequences of psychological intimate partner violence, particularly for women's mental health.     

Gay men and intimate partner violence: a gender analysis

Though intimate partner violence (IPV) is predominately understood as a women's health issue most often emerging within heterosexual relationships, there is increasing recognition of the existence of male victims of IPV. In this qualitative study we explored connections between masculinities and IPV among gay men. The findings show how recognising IPV was based on an array of participant experiences, including the emotional, physical and sexual abuse inflicted by their partner, which in turn led to three processes. Normalising and concealing violence referred to the participants’ complicity in accepting violence as part of their relationship and their reluctance to disclose that they were victims of IPV. Realising a way out included the participants’ understandings that the triggers for, and patterns of, IPV would best be quelled by leaving the relationship. Nurturing recovery detailed the strategies employed by participants to mend and sustain their wellbeing in the aftermath of leaving an abusive relationship. In terms of masculinities and men's health research, the findings reveal the limits of idealising hegemonic masculinities and gender relations as heterosexual, while highlighting a plurality of gay masculinities and the need for IPV support services that bridge the divide between male and female as well as between homosexual and heterosexual.     

Association between intimate partner violence and HIV status among Haitian Women

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women living in Haiti increased from 25% in 2006–29% in 2012, with escalating reports of crisis in the last several years. We examined the association between IPV and HIV status among these women in Haiti. Participants were drawn from a larger sample of women (n?=?513) with a history of IPV. Women living with HIV (n?=?55) were matched to uninfected women (n?=?110) to form a control group. Attitudes towards gender roles, mental and physical well-being, and partner violence were assessed and compared. Logistic regressions were utilised to calculate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios. Women living with HIV were more likely to report more severe forms of psychological violence (p?<?0.01), and severe physical violence (p?<?0.0001). Women who experienced severe forms of IPV were 3.5 times more likely to have an HIV positive status compared to those who did not experience severe IPV (p?<?0.0001). There were significant associations between severe forms of IPV, and HIV status among Haitian women. IPV severity should be integrated into eligibility screening for biomedical strategies of prevention such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among Haitian women.     

Peer network influence on intimate partner violence perpetration among urban Tanzanian men

Male perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Tanzania is widespread. Theory and empirical evidence suggest peer networks may play an important role in shaping IPV perpetration, although research on this topic in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. Grounded in social learning theory, social influence theory, and the theory of gender and power, the purpose of this study was to examine whether and how peer networks influence men’s perpetration of IPV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 40) with a sub-sample of 20 men enrolled in the control condition of an ongoing cluster-randomised controlled trial. We purposively sampled participants who previously reported perpetrating physical IPV. To analyse the data, we generated narrative summaries and conducted thematic and interpretative coding. We saw no evidence that men self-selected into peer networks with certain values or behaviours. Rather, men described several mechanisms through which their peers influenced the perpetration of IPV, including: (1) the internalisation of peer network norms, (2) pressure to conform to peer network norms and (3) the direct involvement of peers in shaping couple power dynamics. Our findings suggest that peer networks influence men’s perpetration of IPV and should be targeted in future programmes and interventions.     

Early childhood exposure to intimate partner violence and teen depression symptoms in the U.S.

Among the various negative outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure to children, depression symptoms are worthy of attention given the effects on well-being and long-term achievement. This study examined the effects of early childhood exposure to IPV between ages 1 and 3 on depression symptoms at age 15 and investigated whether maternal physical punishment at age 5 and peer bullying victimisation at age 9 affected the association. Data came from five waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The study was based on 20 U.S. cities with populations of over 200,000 people. The most recent wave of data collection occurs during the period between 2014 and 2017. The final analytic sample was 1,690 children. Structural equation modeling was utilised to examine the effects of exposure to IPV on physical punishment, bullying victimisation, and depression symptoms. Early exposure to IPV was associated with experiencing physical punishment at Year 5, which subsequently increased peer bullying victimisation at Year 9 and then depression symptoms at Year 15. Early exposure to IPV had a direct effect on depression symptoms at Year 15. Early exposure to IPV also had indirect effects on Year 15 depression symptoms through its effects on physical punishment and bullying victimisation. The total standardised effect of early exposure on depression symptoms was 0.06. Consistent with trauma theory and the ecobiodevelopmental framework, the results indicate that exposure to IPV appeared to have a long-term effect on children, manifested in teen depression symptoms.     

The macro-level drivers of intimate partner violence: New evidence from a multilevel dataset

This study uses multi-level regression analysis to determine the impact of macro-level drivers on intimate partner violence (IPV). It argues that we need to look beyond the usual, individual-level risk factors in order to understand why women experience abuse at the hands of their intimate partners. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from 40 developing countries, this paper demonstrates that socio-economic development, beliefs and laws play an important role in explaining IPV.     

Association of intimate partner violence and health-care provider-identified obesity

ABSTRACT

The association of physical and nonphysical intimate partner violence (IPV) with obesity was examined. Women (N = 1,179) were surveyed regarding demographics, obesity, and IPV exposure using humiliate-afraid-rape-kick (HARK), an IPV screening tool. A three-level lifetime IPV exposure variable measured physical, nonphysical or no IPV. Health-care provider-identified obesity was defined if participants were told by a medical provider within the past 5 years that they were obese. Bivariate analyses examined obesity by IPV and demographics. Multivariable logistic regression assessed odds of obesity by IPV type, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. Among participants, 44% reported lifetime IPV (25% physical, 19% nonphysical), and 24% reported health-care provider-identified obesity. In unadjusted analyses, obesity was more prevalent among women exposed to physical IPV (30%) and nonphysical IPV (27%), compared to women without IPV (20%, p = .002). In multivariable models, women reporting physical IPV had 1.67 times greater odds of obesity (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20, 2.33), and women reporting nonphysical IPV had 1.46 times greater odds of obesity (95% CI 1.01, 2.10), compared to women reporting no exposure. This study extends prior data by showing, not only an association between physical IPV and obesity, but also an association between obesity and nonphysical IPV.     

Bidirectional intimate partner violence: Evidence from a list experiment in Kenya

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) continues to be a major public health concern that can both respond to economic policies and affect economic outcomes. Few studies regarding IPV, however, take a gender inclusive approach towards its identification. Using a sample of both men and women from rural Kenya, we are the first, to our knowledge, to conduct a list experiment with cohabiting married couples to identify the prevalence of physical violence on both men and women. We find that 14 percent of respondents agree with the statement “my spouse regularly hits me”. In contrast to other survey evidence that uses direct elicitation, we find no differences in the prevalence of male-to-female and female-to-male violence. We provide supporting evidence that bidirectional IPV accounts for the lack of gender differences. A complete understanding of the typology of IPV can be crucial for policies seeking IPV reduction.