喉环上部分切除术及其疗效

目的 探讨喉癌行喉次全切除术并重建喉功能的术式及其疗效。方法 １９７８～１９９８年行喉次全切除环－舌骨固定术或环－舌骨－会厌固定术２９例,其中男１８例,女１１例;年龄最大７０岁,最小３８岁,平均５５．４岁。按１９８７年ＵＩＣＣ分期,全部均为Ｍ０,声门上型１０例（Ｔ２Ｎ０ ３例、Ｔ２Ｎ１ １例、Ｔ３Ｎ０ ３例、Ｔ３Ｎ１ ２例,Ｔ３Ｎ２ １例）,声门型１９例（Ｔ２Ｎ０ １２例、Ｔ２Ｎ１ １例、Ｔ３Ｎ０     

环状软骨上喉次全切除术后喉功能探讨

目的 探讨环状软骨上喉次全切除术后喉功能的恢复。方法 分析2002-2004年行环状软骨上喉次全切除术21例喉癌患者,其中声门型14例,行环状软骨-舌骨-会厌固定术：声门上型7例,行环状软骨-舌骨固定术。结果 术后30-45天拔管,平均拔管时间为36．4天,拔管率为90．5％（19／21）;大多患者术后有误咽,经训练后全部恢复正常饮食及发音功能但有不同程度的嘶哑。结论 环状软骨上喉次全切除术是保留喉功能的有效术式。     

喉扩大部分切除术后会厌下徒加矩形颈部皮瓣修复喉功能

目的：研究喉扩大或喉次全切除术后喉腔的修复方法。方法：１５例Ｔ３、Ｔ４型声门癌,行喉扩大或喉次全切除术,采用局部矩形颈部皮瓣及会厌下拉修复喉缺损,总结了术后功能恢复情况。结果：术后拔管率８６．７％,全部恢复了吞咽功能,３年生存率７４％（１１／１５）。结论：矩形颈部皮瓣加会厌下拉修复喉扩大或喉次全切除术后喉缺损是一种较好的方法。     

环状软骨上喉部分切除术斩探讨

目的 通过对１８例喉癌患者的手术治疗，就环状软骨上喉部分切除术的有关问题进行探讨。方法 声门癌Ｔ１ＮｏＭｏ１例，Ｔ２ＮｏＭｏ９例，Ｔ３ＮｏＭｏ２例，跨声门癌Ｔ３Ｎ１Ｍｏ３例，Ｔ３Ｎ２Ｍｏ１例，Ｔ２ＮｏＭｏ放射治疗后复发１例，声门下癌Ｔ４ＮｏＭｏ１例；应用三种不同的环状软骨上喉部分切除术技术进行治疗。结果 ３年生存率９４．４％。所有患者均于术后第７￣４２天（平均１７天）拨除气管套管，拨管率１００％；     

声门下癌的临床及其手术治疗

目的 探讨声门下癌的临床特点、手术和重建喉功能的方法及喉声门下部分切除术的可行性。方法 总结 １９８１￣１９９７年声门下癌１３例,Ｔ１－２Ｎｏ６例,Ｔ３Ｎｏ１例,Ｔ３－４Ｎ１－２６例。４例行全喉切除术,９例行喉声门下部分切除术和扩大喉声门下部分切除术（累及气管者）,分别以单侧或双侧皮瓣、肌筋膜瓣整复,喉腔内置“Ｔ”型硅胶管扩张,２￣６个月拨除。其中６例行颈清扫术。结果 除４例全喉切除术者外,余９例     

T3,T4声门上型喉癌手术应当切除舌骨

回顾性总结自１９７９－１９９０年中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科１１１例声门上型喉癌临床Ｔ３、Ｔ４Ｎ０－３行单纯手术治疗的病例资料，３年生存率６０．４％，５年生存率５９．５％。发现其约有６３．１％侵及会厌前间隙，久１７．１％侵犯舌根及会厌谷。本文阐述了舌骨及会厌前间隙的解剖特点，强调我院对此的处理方法；一律切了大骨或大部分舌骨，目的是为了保证切缘，减少局部复发，彻底根治肿瘤，绝大多数部分喉切除术后患     

喉癌喉部分切除术的扩展：Ⅱ．声门型喉癌──扩大喉垂直部分切除术

声门型喉癌Ｔ３病变的常规治疗为喉全切除术，使病人丧失语言功能。本文报道５０例喉癌声门型Ｔ３病变，用扩大垂直喉部分切除术来治疗，修复主要用舌骨肌瓣。３、５年生存率为７６．７％、７３．０％。除管率８７．２％，语音近乎正常者８７．５％。全部恢复经口进食。喉癌声门型Ｔ３病例，对侧声带及构状软骨完好者应考虑喉扩大垂直部分切除术，即常规喉垂直部分切除加构状软骨切除，必要时环状软骨部分切除，以扩大喉后下切缘，用以根治肿瘤，保存喉功能。     

扩大喉次全切除Ⅰ期胸舌骨肌及筋膜整复术(附12例报告)

扩大喉次全切除Ⅰ期胸舌骨肌及筋膜整复术（附１２例报告）张庆泉１李建刚１任忠１朱宇宏１张洪昌１本组１２例晚期喉癌行扩大喉次全切除术。声门上区癌４例，其中Ｔ４Ｎ０Ｍ０２例；Ｔ４Ｎ２Ｍ０２例，累及会厌舌面、部分舌根２例，累及一侧声带、梨状窝者２例。声门区...     

晚期喉声门上型癌的手术治疗

目的探讨晚期喉声门上型癌手术治疗的方法及疗效。方法对64例晚期喉声门上型癌进行手术治疗,其中Ⅲ期35例,Ⅳ期29例,行喉全切除术40例,喉垂直部分切除术4例,喉声门上水平部分切除术15例,会厌切除术5例,所有病例均经5年随访。结果35例Ⅲ期喉声门上型癌患者中,行喉部分切除术和行喉全切除术者5年生存率分别为54.55%和56.72%,两者间无显著性差异(P>0.05);29例Ⅳ期喉声门上型癌患者中,行喉部分切除术和喉全切除术者5年生存率分别为46.88%和33.93%,两者间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论晚期喉声门上型癌行喉部分切除术是可行的,正确选择手术适应证,熟练掌握多种修复方法,可以提高晚期喉声门上型癌患者的生活质量。     

声门上水平喉部分切除术应用55例

目的 评价声门上水平部分喉切除术的手术方法及远期疗效。方法 我科１９８６～１９９５年采用声门上水平部分喉切除治疗喉癌声门上型５５型,男３２例,女２３例,平均年龄５６岁,Ｉ期１１例,ＩＩ期２６例,Ⅲ期１１例,Ⅳ期７例。对声门上水平部分喉切除加以改进。用两侧梨状窝内侧壁粘膜缝合,封闭甲状软骨断面的后１／３,用甲状软骨外骨膜同喉室底壁粘膜缝合,封闭甲状软骨断面的前２／３,切除舌骨,将保留的甲状软骨同舌根     

Laryngeal function-preserving operation for T4a laryngeal cancer with vocal cord paralysis — A case report

For locally advanced laryngeal cancers, the standard treatment of choice is chemoradiotherapy if organ function needs to be conserved. Surgical treatment with larynx preservation is conducted only for limited cases. For locally advanced laryngeal cancers such as those with vocal cord fixation and/or cricoid cartilage destruction, there is no apparent standardized organ-preserving surgery keeping the essential laryngeal functions, viz. the airway, deglutition and articulation, uncompromized.Recently, our surgical team saw a patient with T4a advanced laryngeal cancer with vocal cord fixation who aspired to maintain his laryngeal function. Driven by his eagerness, we contrived novel techniques for laryngeal function preservation and performed a two-staged operation.In the first stage, extended vertical partial laryngectomy was conducted including resection of the affected thyroid, arytenoid, and cricoid cartilages, followed by local closure of the hypopharynx. Additionally, laryngeal suspension surgery and cricopharyngeal myotomy were performed in addition to suturing the epiglottis with the intact arytenoid cartilage to enhance swallowing function. In the second stage, airway reconstruction was performed using a local skin flap.As of 10 months after operation, there has been no tumor recurrence, and the reconstructed larynx has been working satisfactorily.In this report we describe an innovative operation that was especially contrived for laryngeal function preservation.     

喉环上部分切除喉腔成形术

目的 探讨提高中晚期喉癌生存率,避免或减轻术后呛咳程度,提高发音质量的方法。方法 40例中晚期喉癌采用次全喉切除术,保留一侧或两侧杓状软骨,用带蒂甲状软骨膜或肌膜,于一侧杓状软骨和环状软骨或第一气管环5点或7点处之间缝合重建声带,并将切除的杓状软骨处加高成形再建杓区。环舌固定。结果 3年、5年生存率分别为85．0％（34／40）和76．2％（16／21）。 吞咽无呛咳36例（90．0％）,轻度呛咳4例;发音良好37例（92．5％）;拔管率为92．5％（37例）。结论 喉次全切除带蒂软骨膜环杓连接喉功能重建术,在不影响生存率和拔管率的同时,有效防止了误吸,提高了发音质量。     

保留部分环状软骨环的喉全切除术

目的研究喉癌及下咽癌手术中保留部分环状软骨环对患者的影响。方法回顾性分析32例中晚期喉癌、下咽癌患者,术中采取于环状软骨弓中部水平裂开,只保留部分环状软骨环的喉全切除术,保留的部分环状软骨环与气管一起与颈前造瘘,术后患者不佩戴全喉套管,观察患者咳嗽反射、气道分泌物、造瘘口变化及出院后有无造瘘口狭窄及造瘘口复发情况。结果 32例患者术后均咳嗽反应及气道分泌物明显减少,造瘘口周围红肿较轻。术后随访12~60个月,造瘘口无明显狭窄,无造瘘口肿瘤复发。结论中晚期喉癌及下咽癌患者保留部分环状软骨环的喉全切除术,可避免术后佩戴全喉套管,减少刺激性咳嗽,减轻局部炎症反应,更有利于气道分泌物的排出,缩短患者术后恢复时间,预防气管造瘘口狭窄。     

Central-part laryngectomy is a useful and less invasive surgical procedure for resolution of intractable aspiration

A novel narrow-field laryngectomy procedure known as central-part laryngectomy (CPL) for less invasive laryngeal diversion in patients with intractable aspiration is introduced. We conducted retrospective case reviews of 15 patients who underwent CPL. In this procedure, an area of the glottis including the mid-part of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage is removed to separate the digestive tract from the air way. The lateral part of the thyroid cartilage, the entire hypopharyngeal mucosa and epiglottis are preserved. The superior laryngeal vessels and nerve are not invaded. All fifteen patients were relieved of aspiration without major complications. In good accordance with cutting of the cricopharyngeal muscles and removal of the cricoid cartilage, postoperative videofluoroscopy demonstrated smooth passages of barium. Ten of 12 patients who had hoped to resume oral food intake became able to do so after CPL and two others also achieved partial oral deglutition. CPL is a useful procedure for treatment of intractable aspiration and offers considerable advantages over other laryngotracheal diversion procedures from the view point of oral food intake.     

Chondroid tumors of the larynx: computed tomography findings

PURPOSE: Chondromas and chondrosarcomas of the larynx are rare cartilaginous tumors making up less than 1% of all laryngeal tumors. Patients typically present with symptoms of hoarseness, dysphagia, or dyspnea. The most common location in the larynx for these tumors is the cricoid cartilage. Radiographically, these lesions are typically hypodense, well-circumscribed masses containing mottled calcifications with smooth walls centered within the cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 6 cases of chondroid tumors of the larynx. RESULTS: One patient had a chondroma, 4 patients had low-grade chondrosarcomas, and 1 patient had an intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma. Two partial laryngeal resections and 4 total laryngectomies were performed. CONCLUSIONS: In most cases of chondroma or chondrosarcoma of the larynx, conservative surgery should be attempted, but total laryngectomy may be required for large or recurrent lesions.     

Well and intermediate differentiated laryngeal chondrosarcoma: toward conservative surgery?

Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is a relatively rare malignant tumor. In the world literature, only 600 cases of laryngeal chondrosarcoma (LCS) have been reported. It is the most frequent non-epithelial tumor of the larynx (0.07–2 % of all cancers), usually occurring on the cricoid. We present six cases of well–intermediate differentiated grade chondrosarcoma of the larynx, diagnosed between the fifth and seventh decades of life, in the absence of relevant risk factors. All cases were subjected to a conservative surgical approach, either endoscopic using remodeling transoral laser surgery, or open neck via a supratracheal partial laryngectomy (STL), sparing laryngeal function. All patients are free from recurrence with a minimum follow-up of 31 months. All were ultimately decannulated, are able to tolerate a quite normal diet and to speak satisfactorily. Conservative laryngeal surgery is effective because chondrosarcoma is often a low-grade tumor showing slow growth. The criteria for choosing the type of surgery was based on the age of the patient (elderly patient > favoring an endoscopic approach), on the rate of involvement of the cricoid and on the involvement of the cricoarytenoid joints (if possible to save a cricoarytenoid unit > favoring a STL). By extending the inferior limit of the resection to include a large part of the cricoid cartilage, supratracheal partial laryngectomies expanded the indications to some LCSs not involving the entire cricoid lamina sparing laryngeal function and avoiding the need for total laryngectomy.     

The role of partial laryngeal resection in current management of laryngeal cancer: a collective review

A spectrum of treatment plans and surgical procedures is available for management of early and moderately advanced laryngeal cancer. While the approach of chemotherapy and irradiation, or irradiation alone, followed by total laryngectomy for failure is often employed in practice by present day clinicians, the options of conventional conservation surgery (CCS), transoral endoscopic laser surgery (TLS) and supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) provide a wide choice of treatments that may help attain the goal of cure with preservation of laryngeal function and integrity of the airway. While CCS has been supplanted for many early-stage lesions by TLS and for more advanced stages by SCPL, centres throughout the world have reported favourable results with CCS, which is often modified to include resection of more extensive tumours than was previously possible. During the past decade a number of extended CCS procedures have been developed for management of glottic tumours involving both vocal cords and the anterior commissure, the paraglottic space and with vocal cord fixation, and for supraglottic tumours involving the glottis or hypopharynx. TLS has proved an effective, minimally invasive and functionally satisfactory procedure for management of suitable T1 and T2 glottic cancers, and stage I-III supraglottic cancers. The procedure may be effectively employed in combination with neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy when necessary, particularly for moderately advanced supraglottic carcinomas. SCPL has proven effective in management of glottic and supraglottic cancers of all stages, even with involvement of paraglottic space and thyroid cartilage, provided at least one arytenoid unit can be preserved with clear margins. Invasion of cricoid cartilage is the most significant limitation for this procedure. All three surgical approaches have been employed for irradiation failure, but with greatly increased failure and complication rates compared with the results of treatment of non-irradiated patients. Thus a decision to treat laryngeal cancer initially with irradiation may preclude a satisfactory result from partial laryngectomy should radiation fail. The treatment of laryngeal cancer should be individualized according to the size and extent of the tumour, the age and physical condition of the patient, and the skill and experience of the surgeon with various treatment modalities and surgical procedures.     

The Role of Partial Laryngeal Resection in Current Management of Laryngeal Cancer: a Collective Review

A spectrum of treatment plans and surgical procedures is available for management of early and moderately advanced laryngeal cancer. While the approach of chemotherapy and irradiation, or irradiation alone, followed by total laryngectomy for failure is often employed in practice by present day clinicians, the options of conventional conservation surgery (CCS), transoral endoscopic laser surgery (TLS) and supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) provide a wide choice of treatments that may help attain the goal of cure with preservation of laryngeal function and integrity of the airway. While CCS has been supplanted for many early-stage lesions by TLS and for more advanced stages by SCPL, centres throughout the world have reported favourable results with CCS, which is often modified to include resection of more extensive tumours than was previously possible. During the past decade a number of extended CCS procedures have been developed for management of glottic tumours involving both vocal cords and the anterior commissure, the paraglottic space and with vocal cord fixation, and for supraglottic tumours involving the glottis or hypopharynx. TLS has proved an effective, minimally invasive and functionally satisfactory procedure for management of suitable T1 and T2 glottic cancers, and stage I-III supraglottic cancers. The procedure may be effectively employed in combination with neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy when necessary, particularly for moderately advanced supraglottic carcinomas. SCPL has proven effective in management of glottic and supraglottic cancers of all stages, even with involvement of paraglottic space and thyroid cartilage, provided at least one arytenoid unit can be preserved with clear margins. Invasion of cricoid cartilage is the most significant limitation for this procedure. All three surgical approaches have been employed for irradiation failure, but with greatly increased failure and complication rates compared with the results of treatment of non-irradiated patients. Thus a decision to treat laryngeal cancer initially with irradiation may preclude a satisfactory result from partial laryngectomy should radiation fail. The treatment of laryngeal cancer should be individualized according to the size and extent of the tumour, the age and physical condition of the patient, and the skill and experience of the surgeon with various treatment modalities and surgical procedures.     

老龄喉癌患者喉近全切除术远期疗效观察

目的：探讨老龄喉癌患者行喉近全切除术的远期疗效。方法：对12例65岁以上喉癌患者行喉近全切除术，在Pearson手术基础上，保留部分环状软骨板、环杓关节及喉返神经。结果：3、5年生存率为75．0％及66．7％。术后2周内全部恢复吞咽功能。10例获得理想发声，2例发声失败。结论：对于有心、肺、脑等基础疾病的老龄喉癌患者，喉近全切除术是一种较好的方法。     

改良环状软骨上喉次全切除术疗效分析

目的探讨改良环状软骨上喉次全切除术的可行性及优越性。方法随机选取25例早中期喉癌患者,行改良环状软骨上喉次全切除术,并以残存的披裂黏膜翻转进行发音重建,同时将环状软骨或环甲膜直接与下拉的会厌缝合,完成环会厌吻合,重建喉功能,术后随访,并3年估疗效。结果术后随访1~3年,25例患者无一例死亡,拔管率为100%,平均拔管时间为45 d;误吸发生率为52%,所有患者发音较清晰,均能进行正常的言语交流;1例患者出现术后颈部淋巴结转移,再次行功能性颈淋巴结清扫;1例患者喉癌局部复发,再次行全喉切除。结论改良环状软骨上喉次全切除术,该术式操作简单,易掌握,可有效提高术后拔管率,降低喉狭窄发生率,提高发音质量,改善患者术后的生存质量。