脑出血大鼠肠黏膜组织形态学变化与血浆儿茶酚胺水平的关系

目的探讨脑出血大鼠肠黏膜组织形态学变化与血浆儿茶酚胺(肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素)水平之间的关系。方法制作脑出血大鼠模型,检测正常组、假手术组及脑出血后24h、48h、72h(每组8只)肠黏膜组织形态学参数及血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素水平。进行空肠黏膜组织形态学参数值与血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素水平之间的相关分析。结果小肠绒毛高度与血浆肾上腺素(r=-0.566,P<0.01)、血浆去甲肾上腺素(r=-0.545,P<0.01);绒毛面积与血浆肾上腺素(r=-0.755,P<0.01)、血浆去甲肾上腺素(r=-0.702,P<0.01);黏膜厚度与血浆肾上腺素(r=-0.478,P<0.01)、血浆去甲肾上腺素(r=-0.405,P<0.01);肠壁厚度与与血浆肾上腺素(r=-0.536,P<0.01)、血浆去甲肾上腺素肠(r=-0.489,P<0.01)均成显著的负相关。结论脑出血时肠黏膜组织形态学变化与血浆儿茶酚胺水平呈负相关。     

Relationships between glutamate and monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in healthy volunteers

The concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG), and glutamate were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in 10 healthy volunteers. The monoamine metabolites were measured by mass fragmentography and the glutamate by high-performance liquid chromatography. The level of glutamate in CSF was low (0.34 +/- 0.14 nmol/ml) in comparison with previously published values. The concentrations of monoamine metabolites in CSF were in close agreement with earlier findings. There were negative correlations between the concentrations of HVA (r = -0.82, p less than 0.01) and 5-HIAA (r = -0.77, p less than 0.01) and glutamate in CSF, but not in serum. The serum levels of HMPG and glutamate were negatively correlated (r = -0.95, p less than 0.001), but not the CSF levels. The HMPG levels in serum and CSF were positively correlated (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001), but not the HVA and the 5-HIAA levels. The serum and CSF levels of glutamate were positively correlated (r = 0.67, p less than 0.05). The results indicate relationships among the metabolism of dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate in the brain and between the metabolism of noradrenaline and glutamate in peripheral tissue.     

血脂水平及血脂综合指标与抑郁障碍患者自杀意念、临床特征的关系

目的:探讨血脂水平及血脂综合指标与抑郁障碍(MDD)患者自杀意念及临床特征的关系。方法:根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17)条目3"自杀"评分≥1为界将122例首发MDD患者分为有自杀意念组(94例)及无自杀意念组(28例);对两组人口学资料、HAMD-17各维度评分、血脂水平[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)]及血脂综合指标[动脉硬化指数(AI)、血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)、脂蛋白结合指数(LCI)]进行比较;采用Pearson相关分析研究差异指标与自杀意念等临床特征的关系。结果:有自杀意念组TG和LCI明显低于无自杀意念组(P均<0.05)。血清TG水平与HAMD-17条目3的得分呈负相关(r=-0.221,P=0.015),与睡眠障碍因子分呈正相关(r=0.238,P=0.008)。患者LCI与HAMD-17条目3的得分(r=-0.260,P=0.004)及认知障碍因子分(r=-0.192,P=0.034)呈负相关,与睡眠障碍因子分呈正相关(r=0.203,P=0.025)。结论:血清TG水平和LCI降低与MDD患...     

Influence of the pineal gland on pituitary function in humans

In 14 men and 14 women we examined the relationship between melatonin and the secretion of pituitary hormones. Blood pressure, and the serum concentrations of melatonin, catecholamines, prolactin, thyrotropin, growth hormone, and cortisol were determined every 3-4 hr for 24 hr. In the normal, basal (unstimulated) condition there were no significant correlations (p greater than 0.05) between the systolic blood pressure and dopamine (r = 0.09), norepinephrine (r = 0.26), or epinephrine (r = 0.27), nor were there significant correlations between melatonin and dopamine (r = -0.01), norepinephrine (r = -0.26), or growth hormone (r = 0.17). The concentrations of melatonin correlated positively with those of prolactin (r = 0.56, p less than 0.05 for men and r = 0.58, p less than 0.001 for women) and thyrotropin (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001 for all subjects), but not with those of cortisol (r = 0.004, p greater than 0.05). We speculate that the increase in melatonin at night leads to a decrease in dopaminergic activity; the diminished release of dopamine may lead to a simultaneous increase in thyrotropin and prolactin.     

Fibrin gel network characteristics and coronary heart disease: relations to plasma fibrinogen concentration, acute phase protein, serum lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis.

The native fibrin gel structure formed in vitro from plasma samples was examined by liquid permeation of the hydrated fibrin gel networks in 18 men who had suffered a myocardial infarction before the age of 45 years and in 20 control subjects. Patients with an elevated plasma fibrinogen concentration had a considerably lower fibrin gel porosity (permeability coefficient, Ks) compared with patients with a normal plasma fibrinogen level and with controls. The calculated fiber mass-length ratio of the fibrin gel networks was decreased in both patient groups. Gel porosity differed markedly between individuals at a given plasma fibrinogen concentration. Fairly strong inverse correlations were found between plasma orosomucoid level on the one hand and Ks (r = -0.617, p less than 0.01) or fiber mass-length ratio (r = -0.499, p less than 0.05) on the other. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration also correlated inversely with Ks (r = -0.471, p less than 0.05) and fiber mass-length ratio (r = -0.522, p less than 0.05). Significant inverse relations, which were independent of plasma fibrinogen and lipoprotein concentrations, were detected between Ks (r = -0.519, p less than 0.05) and calculated fiber mass-length ratio (r = -0.723, p less than 0.001) and number and severity of coronary artery stenoses determined by angiography. A proneness to formation of tight, rigid and space-filling fibrin network structures with small pores thus appears to be associated with premature coronary artery disease.     

Blood pressure and both venous and urinary catecholamines after cerebral infarction

Blood pressure, both venous and urinary catecholamines and plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in 10 patients (6 men and 4 women, mean age 70 +/- 10 years) on the first three days after cerebral infarction. Blood pressure fell significantly (p less than 0.02) on the second and third day after stroke. There was a small but significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in plasma epinephrine concentration on the third day. The norepinephrine values remained constant on the three days. The PRA showed a significant (p less than 0.01) rise on the third day. No significant correlation was detected between the course of the blood pressure and the plasma catecholamines or PRA. When blood pressure was correlated with the urinary catecholamines, however, a significant correlation with epinephrine (r = 0.45; p less than 0.05) and with norepinephrine (r = 0.44; p less than 0.05) was found. We conclude that the changes in blood pressure after stroke are at least partly mediated by the changes in catecholamine production.     

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与超氧化物歧化酶的比较

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）浓度和阿尔茨海默病（AD）与血管性痴呆（VaD）患者认知功能损害之间的关系。方法将入组病例分成AD组和VaD组，分别测定血浆Hcy、SOD水平并进行比较；采用简易智能状态量表（MMSE）评定认知功能水平。结果AD组Hcy浓度为（16．24±6．62）μmol／L，VaD组为（25．81±11．81）μmol／L，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。AD组SOD浓度为（165．94±35．92）μmol／L，VaD组为（167．76±29．86）μmol／L，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。AD组Hcy浓度与SOD水平呈负相关（r=-0．346，P〈0．05），VaD组SOD水平与年龄呈负相关（r=-0．358，P〈0．05），两组患者的MMSE评分与Hcy浓度呈负相关（r=-0．263，P〈0．01）。结论血浆Hcy、SOD水平可能是预测认知功能损害程度的一个重要生化指标。     

Plasma beta-thromboglobulin is correlated with platelet adhesiveness to bovine endothelium in patients with diabetes mellitus

We measured simultaneous plasma beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) and adhesion of 51Cr-labelled, washed platelets to confluent, bovine aortic endothelial monolayers in 50 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 30 normal subjects (respective mean ages (+/- SD) = 45.1 +/- 16.4 and 45.8 +/- 17.2 years). Compared to normal subjects without arteriosclerotic complications, diabetic patients had higher plasma BTG (34.8 +/- 1.8 (SEM) vs. 21.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml) and platelet adhesiveness to endothelium (PAE) (3240 +/- 170 vs. 2430 +/- 120 X 10(3) platelets per well) (p less than 0.0002, respectively). Results in diabetic patients did not correlate with plasma glucose, hemoglobin AIa-c, known duration of disease, or sex; plasma BTG correlated with age (r = +0.36), and PAE correlated with plasma creatinine (r = +0.39). Those with clinically evident vascular disease, who were also older (47.8 +/- 2.6 (SEM) vs. 37.3 +/- 4.5 years, p less than 0.05), showed trends to higher plasma BTG (36.7 +/- 2.2 (SEM) vs. 28.8 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, p = 0.06) and PAE (3400 +/- 200 vs. 2800 +/- 280 X 10(3) platelets per well, p = 0.09). A strong correlation was found between plasma BTG and PAE in diabetic patients (r = +0.62, p less than 0.0001) either with or without vascular disease, which remained strong after statistical correction (partial Pearson correlation) for age and plasma creatinine, but not in normal subjects (r = +0.08, p greater than 0.1). These studies demonstrate that platelets in some diabetic patients are excessively adhesive to vascular endothelium, and that plasma BTG and platelet adhesiveness are intercorrelated.     

Endocrine and behavioral responses to methylphenidate in normal subjects

Methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to 20 normal subjects. Behavioral responses varied considerably among individuals. Both cortisol and growth hormone showed significant increases (p less than 0.001). The adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) response seemed insufficient to explain the increase in cortisol. For men only, the increase in cortisol correlated positively with the increase in epinephrine (r = 0.77, p less than 0.05) and correlated negatively with baseline cortisol (r = -0.70, p less than 0.05), with increase in growth hormone (r = -0.70, p less than 0.05), and with the increase in "energy" (r = -0.83, p less than 0.01). The growth hormone response varied between the sexes, and for men, the growth hormone correlated with both an increase in "energy" (r = 0.70, p less than 0.05) and "friendliness" (r = 0.68, p less than 0.05). For all subjects, baseline heart rate correlated with the increase in "energy" (r = -0.69, p less than 0.002). In a separate study, six male subjects received, on different occasions, saline and a lower dose of methylphenidate. Together, these studies show that the increases in cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine, and the decrease in prolactin are dose-dependent.     

脑出血大鼠颅内溶血磷脂酸受体1与血肿周围 水肿区细胞凋亡的相关性研究

目的 研究脑出血大鼠颅内溶血磷脂酸受体1(LPA-1)与血肿周围水肿区细胞凋亡的相关性。方法 选取134例Wistar大鼠,随机分为正常组和脑出血组,正常组60例,脑出血组74例,脑出血组大鼠采用立体定向脑内注入法构建脑出血模型; 采用RT-PCR检测LPA-1、Caspase-3表达水平,采用双盲法测定神经功能评分,采用Western blot检测Bax蛋白、Bcl-x蛋白表达水平,采用流式细胞术检测各种细胞水平及细胞凋亡水平,根据Pearson相关性分析法大鼠颅内溶血磷脂酸受体1(LPA-1)、Bax蛋白、Bcl-x蛋白及细胞凋亡的相关性。结果 脑出血组LPA-1、Caspase-3表达水平均明显高于正常组(P<0.05); 脑出血组神经功能评分明显高于正常组(P<0.05); 脑出血组Bax蛋白表达水平显著高于正常组,脑出血组Bcl-x蛋白表达水平明显低于正常组(P<0.05); 脑出血组LPA-1、Caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达水平及神经功能评分持续升高,Bcl-x蛋白表达持续降低,直到第3 d到达顶峰后缓慢恢复,到第7 d恢复到正常评分的80%左右。脑出血组中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、小胶质细胞、细胞凋亡率均明显高于正常组(P<0.05); 脑出血组性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、小胶质细胞、细胞凋亡率持续升高,直到第3 d到达顶峰后缓慢降低,到第7 d降低更加显著。LPA-1与Bax蛋白的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.33,P<0.05); LPA-1与Bcl-x蛋白的表达水平呈负相关(r=0.25,P<0.05); LPA-1表达水平与细胞凋亡率呈正相关(r=0.81,P<0.05); Bax蛋白与Bcl-x蛋白的表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.22,P<0.05); Bax蛋白表达水平与细胞凋亡率呈正相关(r=0.71,P<0.05); Bcl-x蛋白表达水平与细胞凋亡率呈负相关(r=0.74,P<0.05)。结论 LPA-1与Caspase-3在大鼠脑出血中高表达,神经功能评分在大鼠脑出血中评分过高,Bax蛋白在大鼠脑出血中高表达,Bcl-x蛋白在大鼠脑出血中低表达,脑出血大鼠细胞凋亡率过高,LPA-1、Bax蛋白、Bcl-x蛋白及细胞凋亡在大鼠脑出血中关系密切,可能具有相关性。     

血浆外泌体miR-212、miR-132与颅脑损伤严重程度和Rotterdam CT评分的关系

目的 探讨血浆外泌体miR-212、miR-132水平与颅脑损伤（TBI）严重程度和Rotterdam CT评分的关系。方法 前瞻性收集2019年3月~2020年10月收治的TBI共76例,另选择我院体检的健康成年人38例为对照。提取血浆外泌体并采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测miR-212、miR-132表达水平。结果 76例TBI中,轻型19例,中型35例,重型22例。TBI血浆外泌体miR-212、miR-132水平均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。与轻型TBI比较,中、重型TBI组血浆外泌体miR-132水平明显降低（P<0.05）;与中型TBI比较,重型TBI血浆外泌体miR-212、miR-132水平明显降低（P<0.05）。血浆外泌体miR-212（（r=0.396）、miR-132（r=0.716）水平与入院GCS评分呈明显正相关（P<0.001）。血浆外泌体miR-212水平（r=-0.375）和miR-132水平（r=-0.613）与入院Rotterdam CT评分呈明显负相关（P<0.05）。结论 TBI病人血浆外泌体miR-132、miR-212水平明显下降,并且随着TBI损伤程度加重和入院Rotterdam CT评分增加而明显降低。这提示血浆miR-132、miR-212可能是TBI潜在的生物标记物。     

CSF studies on the relationship between dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in Parkinsonism and other movement disorders.

In Parkinson's disease, the concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA) was reduced in lumbar CSF from patients with idiopathic Parkinsonism (n = 54, P less than 0.05) and post-encephalitic Parkinsonism (n = 19, P less than 0.01). The reduction in the concentrations of 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid (5-HIAA) was not significant, and there was no alteration in the levels of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG). Treatment with L-dopa increased the concentration of HVA in the CSF (P less than 0.05) but had no effect on the levels of 5-HIAA and MHPG. Carbidopa given in combinations with L-dopa produced similar CSF concentrations of dopa as did L-dopa alone but caused less than half the rise in HVA. Fourteen patients who became functionally independent on treatment with L-dopa had higher 5-HIAA levels than 23 patients who showed no such improvement (P less than 0.001), suggesting that intact 5-hydroxyltryptamine neurones may be important in the therapeutic response to L-dopa. In a variety of movement disorders, the levels of HVA, 5-HIAA, and MHPG were not significantly different from age-matched controls. Treatment with tetrabenazine did not significantly alter the metabolite levels in patients in whom it produced either improvement, or side effects.     

Which factors affect high D-dimer levels in the elderly?

To study the age-related changes in plasma D-dimer levels and the effect of atherosclerotic disease and long-term immobilization on haemostasis the elderly, we measured plasma D-dimer levels in 148 subjects aged from 60 to 94 years using an ELISA. We also measured plasma fibrinogen, serum uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein fractions, and apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II, B, E). Plasma D-dimer levels (326 +/- 148 ng/ml) were significantly higher in the healthy elderly subjects than in younger controls (180 +/- 58 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) and increased further with age (r = 0.344, p less than 0.01). D-dimer levels were significantly higher in elderly women than in elderly men (p less than 0.05). The D-dimer level correlated significantly with both the fibrinogen antigen level (r = 0.286, p less than 0.001) and the clotting activity (r = 0.275, p less than 0.01), and also correlated with apolipoprotein E levels. There were no correlations with the other parameters assessed. The D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the elderly subjects with atherosclerotic disease (516 +/- 285 ng/ml) than in healthy elderly subjects (p less than 0.001). Moreover, the levels were even higher in elderly subjects with long-term immobilization (866 +/- 408 ng/ml) than in subjects with atherosclerosis, even after age, sex and underlying diseases were taken into consideration. These results indicate that coagulation and fibrinolysis activity are increased in the elderly, especially those with atherosclerotic disease and that moreover long-term immobilization further accelerates their haemostatic hyperactivity.     

Toward more rational nerve conduction interpretations: the effect of height

One hundred four normal subjects ranging in age from 17 to 77 years and in height from 115 to 203 cm underwent nerve conduction studies of sural, peroneal, tibial, and median nerves. Foot temperature was measured in each patient. A strong inverse correlation was found between height and sural (r = -0.7104), peroneal (r = -0.6842), and tibial (r = -0.5044) conduction velocities. These correlations were significant at the P less than 0.001 level. Median conduction velocity was not correlated with height. Height was correlated with the distal latencies of all nerves studied (sural r = 0.6518, peroneal r = 0.4583, tibial r = 0.7217, median r = 0.5440). These correlations were significant at the P less than 0.001 level. Age was inversely correlated with both tibial (r = -0.4071) and median (r = -0.3464) nerve conduction velocities but not with sural and peroneal conductions. There were no correlations between distal latencies and age. If the variation in conduction velocity accounted for by the linear relationship with height was removed, then age would be inversely correlated to all conduction velocity measurements with the exception of the sural. Temperature is inversely correlated with the sural (r = -0.2233), peroneal (r = -0.2102), and tibial (r = -0.2710) distal latencies. In all instances, the effects of age and temperature were minor determinants when compared with the effects of height. Diagnostic conclusions made from nerve conduction data without correcting for height may be invalid in patients taller and shorter than normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Cognitive and neuroendocrine response to transdermal estrogen in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study.

Preliminary evidence from clinical studies indicates that treatment with estrogen augments cognitive function for women with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neurobiology of estrogen, particularly its neuromodulatory and neuroprotective actions, provide a viable basis to support such cognition-enhancing effects. We conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group design pilot clinical study to evaluate the cognitive and neuroendocrine response to estrogen administration for postmenopausal women with AD. Twelve women with probably AD of mild-moderate severity completed the study. During an eight week treatment period, six women received 0.05 mg/day dosage of 17 beta-estradiol via a skin patch and the remaining six wore a placebo skin patch. Subjects were randomized to equal distribution, and evaluated at baseline, at weeks 1, 3, 5, and 8 on treatment, and at weeks 9, 10, 11, and 13 off treatment. On each day of evaluation, cognition was assessed using a battery of neuropsychological tests, and blood samples were collected to measure plasma concentrations of estradiol and estrone. In addition, several neuroendocrine markers were measured in plasma to evaluate the relationship between estrogen-induced cognitive effects and fluctuations in the catecholaminergic and insulin-like growth factor systems. Significant effects of estrogen treatment were observed on attention (i.e. Stroop: number of self-corrections in the Interference condition, F[1,8] = 8.22, P < 0.03) and verbal memory (i.e., Buschke: delayed cued recall, F[3,30] = 4.31, P < 0.02). The salutary effects of estrogen on cognition were observed after the first week of treatment, and started to diminish when treatment was terminated. For women treated with estrogen, enhancement in verbal memory was positively correlated with plasma levels of estradiol (r = 0.96, P < 0.02) and negatively correlated with concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in plasma (r = -0.92, P < 0.03). Furthermore, a trend in the data was evident to suggest a negative relationship between plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and verbal memory (r = -0.86, P = 0.06). Estrogen administration suppressed peripheral markers of the IGF system, as evidenced by a negative correlation between plasma concentration of estradiol and IGF-1 (r = -0.93, P < 0.03), and a trend for a similar relationship between plasma levels of estradiol and IGFBP-3 (r = -0.86, P = 0.06). With respect to the catecholamines assayed, norepinephrine was positively correlated with verbal memory (r = 0.95, P < 0.02) for women who were treated with estrogen. Furthermore, there was a trend to suggest a negative relationship between plasma epinephrine levels and the number of errors committed on a test of attention (r = -0.84, P = 0.07). In the placebo group, no significant effects of estrogen replacement were evident either on measures of cognition or on any of the neuroendocrine markers. The results of this study suggest that estrogen replacement may enhance cognition for postmenopausal women with AD. Furthermore, several markers of neuroendocrine activity may serve to index the magnitude of estrogen-induced facilitation on cognition. In addition, research findings from the present study will provide important information for the design of larger prospective clinical studies that are essential to definitively establish the therapeutic role of estrogen replacement for postmenopausal women with AD.     

男性血清抵抗素、脂联素水平与骨密度的关系：232名资料分析

目的：调查分析长沙地区232名健康男性志愿者血清抵抗素、脂联素水平与骨密度的关系。 方法：随机选择长沙地区汉族健康男性志愿者232名，对调查方案均知情同意，排除患有影响骨代谢疾病、服用影响骨代谢药物者。用酶联免疫吸附试验测定受试者血清脂联素、抵抗素水平；用DXA测定总体、腰椎正位、总髋部骨密度，全身扫描测定体脂水平及瘦体质量。分析血清脂联素、抵抗素水平与体脂及各部位骨密度的关系；利用逐步多元线性回归分析各部位骨密度的影响因素。 结果：抵抗素与体脂无相关性。脂联素与体脂呈负相关(r= -0.216，P < 0.05)，校正年龄与体质量指数后，相关性消失(r= -0.006，P > 0.05)。脂联素与总体、腰椎正位、总髋部骨密度呈负相关，校正年龄与体脂后，相关性存在。抵抗素与总体、腰椎正位、总髋部骨密度无相关性。多元线性回归分析显示脂联素是男性各部位骨密度的独立影响因素。 结论：抵抗素与体脂及各部位骨密度均无相关性。脂联素与体脂相关，与各部位骨密度呈负相关，是男性各部位骨密度的独立影响因素。     

Hippocampal formation volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome.

Patients with chronic hypercortisolemia due to Cushing's syndrome (CS) exhibit cognitive dysfunction. Because glucocorticoid excess is associated with hippocampal damage in animals, and the hippocampus participates in learning and memory, we explored the relationships between hippocampal formation (HF) volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in 12 patients with CS. After magnetic resonance imaging, HF volume was determined using digital sum of track ball traces of dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper and subiculum, correcting for total intracranial volume. For 27% of the patients, HF volume fell outside the 95% confidence intervals for normal subject volume given in the literature. In addition, there were significant and specific correlations between HF volume and scores for verbal paired associate learning, verbal recall, and verbal recall corrected for full-scale IQ (r = 0.57 to 0.70, p < 0.05). HF volume was negatively correlated with plasma cortisol levels (r = -0.73, p < 0.05). These studies suggest an association between reduced HF volume, memory dysfunction, and elevated cortisol in patients with CS.     

脑梗死患者血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白与一氧化氮、假性血友病因子及血浆颗粒膜蛋白的关系研究

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白与血管内皮损伤及血小板活化程度的关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）的方法检测49例脑梗死患者和50例相匹配的对照组血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白（OX-LDL）、血管性假血友病因子（VWF）、血浆颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140）水平，同时用硝酸还原酶比色法测定血清一氧化氮（NO）水平，并把、VWF、GMP-140、NO与OX-LDL作相关分析。结果脑梗死组血浆OX-LDL、、VWF、GMP-140明显高于对照组（t=2．91，P〈0．01；t=3．94，P〈0．001；t=2．08，P〈0．05），而脑梗死组血清NO水平明显低于对照组（t=4．02，P〈0．001）；相关分析表明血浆OX-LDL水平与血清NO水平呈负相关（r=-0．204，P〈0．05），与血浆懈呈正相关（r=0．60，P〈0．01），与血浆GMP-140呈正相关（r=0．430，P〈0．01）。结论脑梗死患者的血浆OX-LDL明显增高，而OX-LDL增高可能是脑梗死的危险因素。     

Age-related changes in fastest and slowest conducting axons of thenar motor units.

Single thenar motor unit F waves (FMUPs) were collected from 23 healthy volunteers (age range 21-91 years, mean 46 +/- 20 SD). In each subject, 10 distinct FMUPs were recorded, using surface stimulating and recording electrodes, and the conduction velocity (CV) of each motor unit was calculated. The distribution of CVs (overall range 42-66 m/s; individual FMUP CV dispersion range 6-27% of the maximal FMUP CV) was close to those previously reported whatever the technique used. With age, a progressive CV reduction was observed, and maximal FMUP CV was significantly correlated with age (r = -0.58, P < 0.01), whereas no statistically significant correlation was found between minimal FMUP CV and age (r = -0.27, ns). Individual FMUP CV dispersion presented a statistically significant decrease with age (r = -0.46, P < 0.05). Furthermore, thenar motor unit number (MUNE), estimated by the adapted multiple point stimulation method, decreased progressively with age and was statistically correlated with maximal FMUP CV (r = 0.59, P < 0.01), whereas there was no correlation with minimal FMUP CV (r = 0.34, ns). Thus, we propose that motor unit loss is progressive with age throughout life, affecting particularly the largest and fastest conducting motor units. Preferential involvement of these fibers could be responsible for the age-related changes in motor nerve CV.     

抑郁症患者治疗前后血清脑源性神经营养因子水平变化及相关因素分析

目的 探讨抑郁症患者血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平及其变化与负性生活事件、抑郁症发病及治疗效应的关系.方法 采用横断面的病例-对照及前瞻性自身对照设计.对所有抑郁症患者给予抗抑郁治疗(包括抗抑郁药和改良电抽搐治疗),并随访治疗8周;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定63例抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)治疗前和治疗第2,4,8周末及80名正常对照(以下简称对照组)血清BDNF水平,并评定汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和生活事件量表.结果 抑郁症组治疗前血清BDNF水平[(24±14)μg/L]显著低于对照组[(36±15)μg/L](t=-4.863,P=0.000),并与病前1年负性生活事件刺激值、治疗前HAMD总分均显著负相关(r=-0.331,P=0.008;r=-0.343,P=0.006),而后两者有相互正相关(r=0.292,P=0.020);治疗第2周末血清BDNF水平仍显著低于对照绢(t=-5.990,P=0.000),并与其抑郁症状严重度平行负相关(r=-0.269,P=0.033),且其血清BDNF增加率与HAMD减分率平行正相关(r=0.252,P=0.047);治疗第4,8周末血清BDNF水平均显著高于治疗前(经ISD检验,P=0.000;P=0.005),与对照组的差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).治疗第2,4,8周末HAMD总分渐减并均低于治疗前(P均=0.001),且其HAMD平均减分率渐升(分别为40%,66%和74%).结论血清BDNF低下与负性生活事件、抑郁症发病密切相关,血清BDNF升高可能为抗抑郁治疗临床疗效的重要指标之一.